Aleksandr Mihaylovich Gerasimov, umculi izithombe, biography

ukuphila lomdwebi ayikwazi eligoqiwe kamnandi, yize ngaphandle nibonakala kulungile. Inkosi kweqiniso kuhlale befuna futhi kusho yokukhuluma kwezobuciko, futhi izindaba ukuthi sizothinta womuntu, wamnaka isithombe sakhe.

Ubusha futhi intsha

Alexander Gerasimov wazalwa ngo edolobheni elincane Kozlov esifundazweni Tambov ngo 1881. Ngo kuye, ekhaya lakhe elincane, uzobuya ngokuphindaphindiwe, ukuhlaba ikhefu kusuka ukuphila okumatasa enhloko-dolobha kanye yokuthola amandla amasha, isipiliyoni. Futhi ngenkathi ekhula intsha onamakhono ukutadisha Umdwebo eMoscow. othisha akhe angamalangabi K. Korovin, A. E. Arhipov, V. A. Serov, amakhosi zangempela, ogama usebenza uyaziqhenya lokhokho bethu. Etyudnaya brushwork ezibanzi, umbala ezicebile esivela imfundamakhwela okuyinhloko. Ngakho ezikhulayo Gerasimov umculi, inkositini amasu zakudala yesimanje.

Lapho kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, Gerasimova luphumelele, futhi iminyaka emibili ayihlala e-front. Wayazi babekezelela emseleni impi, lapho indoda, emazwini Sholokhov, intwala odla ithambo.

Ukubuya futhi ukuhamba enhlokodolobha

Ngo-1918, Gerasimov ubuyela Kozlov sakubo futhi isebenza ke onekhono iminyaka eminingi. Ngo-1925 waphinda ukuza enhlokodolobha. Ngo AHRR Association njengoba umdwebi ukuthi Uzithola Gerasimov. Manje umculi ihlanganisa izindikimba Soviet yezombangazwe isitayela yendabuko izinhlamvu enhle. Wakhulelwa futhi ebhaliwe omningi "Lenin phezu yesikhulumi." Akakwazi ukuthola echo ezinhliziyweni abantu abalahlekelwe umholi wabo muva nje emine edlule, ogama usizi usaphila. Kodwa manje bebona Vladimira Ilicha on isizinda amafulegi red, okuyiwona elachithwa bona igazi labo kulwiwa, ngamandla ukushaya phambili ... movie ligcwele kwentshiseko izinguquko kanye namandla ebhaliwe, ulimi kuyaqondakala kuqondile umdwebo.

portraitist

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, he is a Uprofesa eSikoleni of Memory 1905. Gerasimov kwaba nekhono layo lokuqonda into efana portrait. Ngakho yena ngokwakhe beqonda futhi yamiswa ngokuyinhloko ngokuthi portraitist. Ngaziphebeza 30s ikakhulukazi umculi iba umdwebo portrait. It has ekumeni kwabantu kanye namaqembu. Ubizwa abasebenza ekumeni odumile abadlali ozithandayo, abahloli bamazwe. Iqembu portrait "Cavalry Army" wathola Grand Prix embukisweni Paris.

ukuphila kwabantu

Umculi "wavula umnyango" studio yakhe, futhi ekusakazweni kwakhe okubanzi agelezé ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ayikho umcimbi oluthinta izwe, umdwebi aluphumeleli - konke siyohlala njalo ezingqondweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ungeze Umsebenzi wokuphatha: Gerasimov wayengomunye wabaholi e likanobhala we-Union of Abaculi Soviet. Nakuba engakwazanga ukuwaphendula kwesikhathi ngobude yakhe isiqala ukuba avele ezingasho ngokuvamile abantu lokuqala isimo. Ngamabomu noma cha, kodwa imisebenzi yakhe ezibhekwa sibonelo ukubhala. Gerasimov umculi iba portraitist oluthandayo uStalin. Lena isithombe Stalin iCongress 17 CPSU (b) ngo-1934. Namanje ugcwele ubungqabavu I. V Stalin ofunda umbiko, ukushaya usekelo lonke ihholo. shades ezahlukene nsundu, ukucabanga segolide ukudlala, musa uhlangane, kodwa ukunikeza kobukhulu kanye yesisindo okwamanje. Lona esemthethweni "umbukiso" isithombe. Okuningi obuseduze, "ekhaya" isithombe I. V Stalina futhi A. M. Gorkogo e Gorky, wabhala ngo-1939. isimo ethokomele ku evulanda nokukhanya ekuseni zokuhlunga ngokusebenzisa amahlamvu emithi ezizungezile. ukucabanga kwakhe esibenyezelayo - kwi ukubiya ezibaziweyo, phezu kwendwangu, nezingubo zabantu ababili bexoxa buthule. Konke ligcwele lula nokuzola. Ukuthula Ukuthula ugcizelela buthule elele phansi inja. Masterfully beat kule ndawo basamukela Gerasimov. Umdwebi akazisolanga ezinemibala egqamile, okuyinto ukudala indawo emangalisayo obunobunye.

A isivunguvungu bokuphefumlelwa

Umdwebo eyabhalwa Gerasimov, "Ngemva Rain", elula, kulula futhi senkondlo. Kumane ekhoneni evulanda nge engadini ngemuva ke: ebhentshini nge bedrail, ithebula ifomu ezimise nge imilenze ezibaziweyo. Ivolumu isixha embizeni ingilazi, wagumbuqela ingilazi - konke licwebezele futhi shimmers ngemibala kwenjabulo, ukucabanga post-ilanga eshaweni. imifino Juicy futhi zihlukahlukene igeziwe ensimini imvula. Isetshenziswa bonke shades of eluhlaza. Flickers leaf ngamunye, ovuthayo ngumuntu endleleni futhi esikhanyayo kuthabathela ecaleni emuva. Kakhulu amagatsha izimisele, esondelene kakhulu kompheme, imayelana kuzokwenza shazi. I amaxhaphozi phansi kubonakala yini ngesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza. Yonke indawo, ezikhuluma ngazo zonke izihloko, ukucwazimula pearl amaconsi emvula. Isimo olukhethekile freshness, nobumsulwa izuzwe umculi, usebenzisa zibona, okuyinto siyekele amahlamvu awo emahle oluhlaza kanye pink kanye isixha emhlophe phezu amnyama emanzi etafuleni. Khanyisa nasethunzini okwakuthandelene, kodwa umthunzi senziwa shades eziningi, ngakho-ke, kukhanya futhi shimmers kujabulisa ukubukeka. Khanyisa umthombo umbukeli ubona. Ukukhanya iyona kwelanga - endaweni ethile ngale izihlahla ehlathini. Wayengumuntu elithambile, kodwa bathamele ilanga kulungiselelwa ehlobo kanjani kuyo yonke indawo. Ngokusho ofakazi, emva eshaweni ehlobo Gerasimov ( "Ngemva Rain" - omunye imidwebo yakhe edume kunazo zonke), bajabula ngokukhululwa lokho akubona, ngesikhathi esisodwa wasiphakamisa upende Iphalethi futhi umoya ofanayo, hhayi ebheka phezulu, ithumba landscape emangalisayo. Kodwa ukuze bakwazi ukusebenza ngokushesha ngakho futhi ephumelelayo, kubalulekile ukuba ube indlela ziningi futhi zaba nzima in umdwebo. Isizathu kuphela kungani umculi wakwazi ukuveza ubuqotho imizwa yakhe, okuyinto ushiya akekho ngabandayo, umyalezo ezethamelini kwehlobo amandla. Ngokuhamba kosuku, inkosi wakhumbula intshiseko yakhe, ukuntula isineke sakhe lapho esebenza ku indawo. Ngakho-ke umsebenzi kwakuyiqiniso futhi poetical ngayo yonke imininingwane emincane. Kuye embukisweni Paris, futhi umdwebi lithole Grand Prix (Grand Prix). Lena akuyona inhlanhla okungahleliwe, futhi umphumela ukusebenza yesikhathi eside olukhulu ngenxa zonke zokuphila. Lokhu adjoined portrait umndeni, wadala sonyaka ngaphambi kwalokho. Endlini kababa e-Kozlov usuku olushisayo wonke umndeni bahlangana Gerasimov. Kukulo muzi lapho, hhayi ukuthuthela inhlokodolobha, unomphela ukuphila eduze umculi. Painter serenely uhlezi emva ukusebenza kanzima umkhaya. UJesu uzakuhlala njengobana ngoba umsebenzi oluzayo inselele futhi omkhulu. Iwebhu ungukukhanya, ukuthula nokuzwana.

Lo mbukiso - umcimbi omkhulu empilweni umdwebi

Esikhathini esifanayo, ngokunembile, ngo-1936, umdwebi wafingqa imisebenzi yakhe, eyathatha ingxenye yesine ka leminyaka wayenobuhlobo show e Moscow, lapho acishe abe yikhulu imisebenzi banikezwe. Lawa kwakungamadodana imidwebo nemisebenzi ingcaca.

Enye portrait

Ngemva kwesikhashana, kuyothiwa ebhaliwe "Portrait of a ballerina O. V Lepeshinskaya" ngo-1939. Umdwebi uthola dancer phambili ngemva elifudumele-up, akuseyona at kwebhentshi. In yendabuko tutu elibhekelele Pointe, ulungele fly up bese uqhubeke umdanso. poise Proud, turning emahlombe, ukumamatheka kancane - konke wathi effervescent uhlamvu uyisififane we umdansi, ngobuhle bawo ekunikeleni amandla futhi dynamism, okuyinto wazalela yesehlakalo. Ugqozi nothando umsebenzi, okuyinto kubhekene ballerina prima, njengoba ifanekiselwa umculi kule portrait. Olga omunye abadansi ethandwa kakhulu I. V Stalina, wambiza "dragonfly."

impi

Eminyakeni enzima yempi, inkosi Sizoqhubeka nokusebenza futhi udlulise imali yabo siqu Defense Fund. uhlobo zomlando manje usesikhundleni umculi ngokuya. He qamba ekumeni of the amaqhawe ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Esikhathini esifanayo ebhala "Iqembu Portrait abaculi Soviet endala Pavlová N., Baksheeva VN, Byalyanitskogo Birulya-VK, Meshkova V N.," ngoba elithole Stalin Prize ngo-1946. Uma sicabangela lokho nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ezobuciko has AM Gerasimov, yena yanikezelwa isihloko Umculi Yabantu ye-USSR. Kanye abasebenza imidwebo yeqhawe abazinikele inkomfa izinhloko amandla ezintathu ezinkulu e Tehran. Ngakho waphinda kukhombise ngokusobala uhlobo ngokomlando umculi. Canvas kwagxila wamakhasi nokuma kwawo, kanye nebalingisi abantu ababa nesandla kulo.

academician

Ngemva nje kwempi, ngo-1947, yena waba ngumengameli wokuqala wase-USSR Academy of Arts. A indima eside kulolu khetho kudlalwa umngane wakhe omkhulu Voroshilov. Kungakapheli neminyaka eyishumi, ekufezeni lo isikhundla, Gerasimov ngamandla walwa nabadlali abathile abase kubonakala emisha, noma ngisho nje Impressionism. art esiwohlokile eNtshonalanga, wafikelwa engekho indoda Soviet. Phakathi nale minyaka engu-ke kudala ephelele solemnity nemicikilisho ngendwangu onesihloko esithi "Kukhona mathathu ngaphansi komhlaba!" Maphakathi phezu yesikhulumi - I. V uStalin. Kodwa ngasizathu simbe, ukunakwa ikhangwa hhayi umholi, hhayi izihambeli ehholo, futhi izibani ezilengayo ezinhlanu omkhulu. Yonke enye into ibonakala amancane aphila nabo.

On okwazalelwa

Omkhulu ezingaba lokudala kanye umthamo high umsebenzi umculi uphatha, lapho efika emzini wakubo. Lapha ebhala namanje Lifes, namathafa, khomba nesimo sakhe sengqondo. Imemori zeminyaka umsebenzi futhi isifundo ngesikhathi Konstantin Korovin nomthelela kulezi emidwebweni. "INgoma Starling" - umsebenzi ohlanzekile ngaphandle bokubanga, lyrically esibonisa ubuhle bemvelo uphaphame. Still Life "Emini. imvula Warm "kubonisa ukuthi ukulangazelela kahle lokhu ephepheni. Kuyo, ungasebenzisa wonke amasu wazama futhi ihlolwe esikhundleni nesithukuthezi umbala brown-obomvu purplish blue mncane, bonisa amathonsi egijima phansi ingilazi, umoya ohlanzekile, egcwele umswakama. Lena - ukuphila obubonakala ngendlela ngabanye. It - Gerasimov, umculi ogama imidwebo zikude izikhulu, kodwa egcwele amaphupho kanye izinkondlo, ukuhlonishwa injabulo.

izici zobuntu

Lapha lurks omunye uhlangothi ubuntu bakhe. Phela, ekuphileni kwansuku zonke Gerasimov kwaba indoda emnene enobungane. abaculi Young ukuncoma ukugijimisana sesihloko, imali nodumo. Ukuze indoda, sifanelwe bona-ke, bayophuma ngokwakho ngemva umsebenzi eside design nombala. Wayekholelwa ukuthi umdwebi akakwazi ukulahlekelwa ithemba.

ihlazo

Ngemva I. V Stalina ukufa ithonya Gerasimov waqala ukuze wehlise. Yena ngokwakhe ngokusobala washintsha. Kwaba sengathi ukukhula ezincane, mncane. amehlo Intelligent badabukile. Kodwa wayenesihe kakade yoma yakhe. umculi ahlaza ngesikhathi lo Khrushchev "ncibilika" kwathathwa njengosongo into akusebenzi.

ukuphila kuyaqhubeka

Nokho, Gerasimov mva akazange azibheke njengongcono. Wayazi ukuthi kwaba umculi benawo ithalente omkhulu nguNkulunkulu. Futhi ngempela kwakunjalo. Kuphela lokho ukuchitha emhlabathini ithalenta lakho? Wayefanele, ukuze sisinde, ukuyekethisa futhi ukukhonza labo ababengawazi amandla. Lapha - umugqa omncane phakathi amathalenta ukukhonza nababusi. Kanjani hhayi kwislaydi off ke? Kanjani ukuthi: 'Ningahambi umugqa ongabonakali? Lawa imibuzo okuphakade umculi ngamunye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngikuziphi ensimini ukuthi akuzange kusebenze. Ngaphambi umculi Orpheus kwaba umbuzo ukuthi nizokhonza bani - ekhanyayo, ecacile, Phoebe ivumelane ne ebumnyameni, lina futhi kuneziphepho, yokungenwa Dionysus. Ngakho kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo lo mbuzo enquma bona yawo wonke umuntu. Gerasimov Aleksandr Mihaylovich (umculi) wazinikela impendulo, okungenani kuze kube sekupheleni futhi waba manqikanqika.

Ubumbaxambili umculi

Ikusasa izazimlando zobuciko, uqhathanisa izithombe ezimbili Gerasimov, abangamalungu e State Tretyakov Gallery, kungabonwa kulezi ithalente ezingaphelelwa isikhathi futhi ngeke asole lomculi ekumeni esisemthethweni wabaholi baseSoviet. Njengoba sibheka lanamuhla ebhaliwe ngokucophelela out ngayo yonke imininingwane emincane umsebenzi zemikhosi Franz Ksavera Vinterhaltera noma D. G. Levitskogo futhi V L. Borovikovskogo futhi sibaphathe ngendlela ephephile - njengoba nje imisebenzi yobuciko.

Wawusho Homeland umculi

Merit ngokuba lawobaba, kusukela 1941, AM Gerasimov welashelwa ngomusa yiziphathimandla. Imiklomelo kanye imiklomelo nje wanisa phezu kwakhe. Yena - Umculi Yabantu zase-USSR, anakho ezine Stalin Imiklomelo, eLenin Order, Order of Red Banner Wezabasebenzi.

Futhi kunjalo, nomsebenzi wokuzikhandla impilo umdali waya ngagama elula Gerasimov. Umdwebi, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako banemizwa engqubuzanayo futhi ngokubikezela izinto ezididayo nezingathembekile, yebo, okwakuyohambisana ithalente, wafa eneminyaka engu-82 ubudala.