Alexander Zholkovsky: ukuphila kwakhe nemisebenzi

Sezilimi, umbhali, umhlaziyi etemibhalo Alexander Zholkovsky eRussia namuhla indlela iningi eyaziwa kuphela Ochwepheshe emincane. Nakuba imibono yakhe yesayensi Namanje ayenziwa nokukhanya yesiteleka futhi freshness. Sitshele mayelana nendlela kwakukhona ukuphila kwale ndoda ezithakazelisayo, futhi indlela yakhe yendalo.

Ebuntwaneni nemvelaphi

Usosayensi owazalelwa esizayo Alexander Zholkovsky Septhemba 8, 1937 eMoscow emndenini kakhulu. Unina uDebora Semenovna Rybakova musicologist wayaziwa Ph.D., wayesifundisa umlando umculo eMoscow Conservatory futhi Umculo College. Ubaba uConstantine Zholkovsky Platonovich washona iqhaza ku-kayaking bhukuda ku White Sea, lapho indodana yakhe kwakukubi kuphela usuku kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. uyise Alyx sika (ngakho konke namanje ngokuthi Zholkovsky) esikhundleni umyeni kamama, Lev Abramovich Mazel yesibili - musicologist abadumile Soviet, onguprofesa eMoscow Conservatory. Phakathi nempi, lo mfana nabazali bakhe zayiswa Sverdlovsk. Kodwa ugogo futhi komama Umkhulu, owayehlala e Kiev, hit kweJalimane futhi wafa Babi Yar.

kumiswa

Ngo-1944 umkhaya wabuyela eMoscow, no-Aleksandru Zholkovsky waya inombolo esikoleni 50, lapho ephothula nge-honours ngo-1954. Lokhu kwamnikeza ngaphandle luhlolo, kodwa kuphela interview ukuya ekolishi. Wakhetha Faculty eziphambili kolimi, igatsha Romance-zamaJalimane eMoscow State University. M. Lomonosov. ulimi waso kwakuyindishi lunye ngesiNgisi. Student Zholkovsky kwaba ngenkuthalo, wafunda kahle, kodwa ideologically kakhulu khulula. Phakathi nalowo nyaka sokugcina kwaba ngenxa umhlangano Komsomol futhi wathola ukhuze, ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi-ke uvala ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusatshalaliswa noma isiphi isitolo sokudla ucishe ehloniphekile.

Usosayensi Indlela Soviet

Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, u-Alexander Zholkovsky, sibonga intercession futhi lesesandleni sathishela, usosayensi ihlonishwe Vyacheslava Vsevolodovicha Ivanova, wajoyina i-laboratory yokuhumusha ngomshini e-Institute of Izilimi zangaphandle. Thorez. Kwakuwusuku isikhungo sesayensi kuphela, okuyinto akesabi ukuthatha khulula-wayecabangisisa. Waqala nge unjiniyela abaphezulu, wabe eseba junior ucwaningo umsizi futhi kamuva wasukuma ukuze umcwaningi. Zholkovsky wahlanganyela engasho lutho kwesakhiwo, futhi izihloko zakhe baye baqaphela sezilimi esivelele Igor Aleksandrovich Melchuk. Wamema usosayensi abasha eqenjini lakhe zokusebenza, okuyinto Kwabe sekwenzekani imfundiso yokuziphendukela "text-elisho" ukuqashelwa kamuva cishe wamavukelambuso. Ngenxa yalokho wokubambisana wabona ukukhanya izincwadi eziningana ezicini lucebe futhi zokuhlola ochazayo isichazamazwi combinatorial of isiRashiya. Sikhanyisiwe imfundiso yokuziphendukela amaqembu eSoviet Union engazange asungule, isichazamazwi yanyatheliswa kuphela 80s ku Vienna, ngemva Melchuk bathutha. Ilabhorethri ke kwaba Freethinkers simunye ngempela, lokho, eqinisweni, konke kuthintwa.

Ngo-1974 waxoshwa kusukela Zholkovsky MGPI. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngemva ukuxoshwa isikhundla uSolzhenitsyn sika abathanda ifilosofi nezihlakaniphi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, waqala ukuhlanza wangempela izikhungo yesayensi. Alexander ngokulambisa wakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi ngaleso sikhungo "Informelectro" nalapho leli Qembu lisebenza Yu Apresian ezicashe umqondisi ovulekile S. G. Malinina. Iqembu wazakhela imodeli futhi wasebenza Mel'chukov umshini translation. Namuhla, umsebenzi leli qembu ziye ubhekwa futhi ngenkuthalo eshicilelwe emhlabeni wonke.

mqondo

In parallel umsebenzi eqenjini Mel'chukov Alexander Zholkovsky ukutadisha esikoleni iziqu Institute of Oriental Izilimi eMoscow State University. Isihloko umsebenzi khona exotic ulimi eSomalia. Ngo-1968, i-mqondo laqedwa Alec ezithunyelwe kakade abstract, kodwa abaphathi we-Institute waqala amandla ukuzivikela. Isizathu salokho - Zholkovsky usayine incwadi besekela eyamukelwayo waboshwa futhi Ginzburg Galanskov osolwa yokudala nasekusakazeni samizdat. Isikhungo usisusile kusukela impendulo ocwaningeni umkhandlu kuya eziqu Zholkovsky. Ekwindla ka-1968 kwenzeka ayehlasela yaseSoviet yokuthuthela neCzechoslovakia, Alex futhi wayephakathi ababhikishi. MGPI ukuphathwa isinqumo ukuze uchithe ophikisana nenqubo kahulumeni kanye Ungamniki Ukuvikelwa. Kodwa uvinjelwe ukuxoshwa izikhungo zomphakathi, okuyinto obala asekelayo Zholkovsky. Ngenxa yalokho, entwasahlobo ka-1969 wakwazi ukuphinde lolungenamaphutsa kudlule inqubo yokuvikela, futhi kamuva ukuthola ukuvunyelwa WAC. Yileso kuphela sezifundo ophikisana nenqubo kahulumeni ekuvikeleni.

iminyaka besekudingisweni

Independent futhi ehlakaniphile Aleksandr Zholkovsky, ogama biography is engahlangene nje kuphela isayensi kodwa futhi empini, Angikwazanga angena ngokoqobo Soviet, futhi ngo-1979 bathuthela - ngowokuqala Vienna bese e-US, lapho uye waphila kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana wayesebenza eCornell University, futhi kusukela ngo-1983 - e-University of Southern California. Kancane kancane u-Alexander Zholkovsky, ogama sithombe nganoma iyiphi i-encyclopedia ulimi, badonswa, baphuma structuralism eqinile nakho ngeke kusize waqala ukubhala incwadi mayelana umbhali oluvelele isiRashiya, nalo ukusebenza kule eseyi, novellistka.

amabhuku

Umlobi u-Alexander Zholkovsky, ogama amabhuku namuhla unombuthano esitebeleni of abayithandayo, utlole ezingaphezu kwezingu-30 imisebenzi yesayensi kanye Umlando, kanye cishe 400 izihloko. Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi umphakathi jikelele ithole umsebenzi wakhe kokusungulwa uhlobo temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba unfabled. Lezi zincwadi eyaziwa kakhulu kukhona Zholkovsky "Izinkanyezi futhi kancane ethukile," "Ize nezinye ezimfishane sokuphelela", "Pasternak Poetics", "Mikhail Zoshchenko. Poetics ukwethembana. "