Amakhowe ezidla. Yini amakhowe abizwa ngokuthi okuzingela?

Umhlaba izilwane ezidla ezinye is okuhlukahlukene kangaka ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ungathola "idla 'esilandelayo lapho kudzingeke besingalindele lokhu. Ngokwesibonelo, e umbuso isikhunta. Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi amakhowe abizwa ngokuthi inyamazane njengoba ukuzingela, ukuthi ziyini eziwusizo noma yingozi kubantu.

Uma kuziwa amakhowe, thina kuhle kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi amanye awo ezidla kakhulu. Kungenzeka kanjani lokhu? Phela, nabo basuke "ahlale" on the site futhi abanayo ngisho nemizi umlomo? Ngisho yinhle Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abantu baye bafunda ukusebenzisa amakhowe-nababulali ukuze kuzuze bona. Njengoba uma umuntu ebhema isikhunta okuzingela futhi lokho abayikho - isihloko lesi sihloko.

Ngobani, lapho kukhona?

Kakade kusukela igama kuyacaca lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-fungus okuzingela. Yiqiniso, labo ukubamba futhi ukubulala yimpango yabo - eziphilayo ezincane.

Ukuze axazulule isikhunta enjalo uthanda phakathi izimpande zezitshalo noma wona, kodwa ivamile impela amanzi, ikakhulukazi emi. Abanye bephila izidumbu izinambuzane, kuyilapho bedla kuwo kusuka ngaphakathi. yamakhowe enjalo abazingeli engaciba ezinhlamvu at ibanga 1 imitha. Ukuthola umzimba isisulu sika, bona ziqhume ngaphakathi kancane akudle.

Ngokumangalisayo, amakhowe - cishe izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni lapho kweso ukuzivumelanisa yisiphi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Singasho kugcwale umlomo ukuthi lezi ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye izilwane ezincane ngelulela amanetha abo ngqo ngaphansi kwezinyawo yomuntu. Futhi lezi amanethiwekhi neze awunalutho.

Indaba

Amakhowe (okuzingela hhayi) - ukudalwa ngakho lasendulo ukuthi kunzima ukucabanga. Sungula kahle lapho okwavela e-Earth, kuba impela eziyinkinga, ngoba izinsalela ososayensi neze uhlangabezana. Ngokuvamile ungazithola kuphela izingcezu ezincane amber. Yileyo ndlela esizwa ngayo i ezimbiwa phansi ukhunta lasendulo, odla izimpethu kuze 5 mm ubude latholakala France.

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ngisho ukhunta nezakudala namanje akulona ukhokho yesimanje. Ngo inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo we "umbulali" umsebenzi bona ezivuselela izikhathi eziningi, ukuthi akuthathwa. Ngakho-ke, yesimanje mushroom-abazingeli Akasekho izihlobo izilwane ezidla ezinye nezakudala.

Ukwahlukanisa isikhunta ngohlobo izicupho

Ngenxa yokuthi ezinye amakhowe - izidalwa okuzingela bemvelo, abayikho, ngokulandelana, ube uhlobo oluthile ukudoba kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita.
Okuningi ngokunembile, zazo zikhona izinhlobo eziningana:

• ikhanda Yesigcilikisha bunjwa eyindilinga, esisogwini mycelium (isici Monacrosporium ellipsosporum, A. entomophaga);
• okunamathelayo hyphae ekhelini: Amadivayisi ezifana ukudoba babe Arthrobotrys perpasta, Monacrosporium cionopagum;
• okunamathelayo isicupho inethiwekhi ehlanganisa inqwaba izindandatho ukuthi etholakala ngokuzikhandla ekhelini hyphae: idivayisi okuzingela has, isibonelo, Artrobotris malosporovy;
• ukudoba imishini - ukukhiqizwa futhi ekucindezela babo bayafa: ngale ndlela ukuze azingele inyamazane yawo Daktilyariya ezimhlophe.

Yiqiniso, lokhu ngempela sifinyeto saloko isikhunta okuzingela futhi kanjani they ekuzingeleni. Eqinisweni, lezi zinhlobo yabazingeli ezincane kakhulu.

Kanjani ukuzingela amakhowe killer?

Ngakho, ama-fungus predacious: bayazingelana udle othile? Amakhowe ubekwe ezijulile enhlabathini ukubona izicupho zabo ngokushesha okunamathelayo amasongo silindele worm encane - nematodes. Inani elikhulu izindandatho enjalo ukudala amanethiwekhi lonke elise emhlabeni mycelium. Uma worm kuziwa emaphethelweni yakhe, masinyane unamathela. I ring iqala ekuhlehleni yangibamba umzimba isisulu walo, lokuphuma cishe kungenakwenzeka. Konke kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu, e ingxenyenamba imizuzwana.

Emzimbeni worm wabanjwa hyphae ukungena bese eqala ukukhula. Ngisho uma nematode ngandlela-thile uphathe ngokuyisimangaliso ukuphuma futhi ngeke ukukulondoloza. Hyphae emzimbeni wakhe ukhule ngokushesha ukuze ngosuku kusukela isibungu siyokudla igobolondo kuphela. Kanye befa impethu eziyizimbangela "hambisa" endaweni entsha futhi uyokwendlala amanetha abo futhi.

Uma umbulali sikhunta sihlala emanzini, kuba rotifers ukudla, amoebae, ezinamagobolondo, Cyclops kanye nezinye izakhamuzi zaseMpumalanga ichibi. ukuzingela isimiso ezifanayo - hyphae uthola phezu kwempango yalo, Bufinyelela futhi uqala zikhule emzimbeni wakhe.

oyster engaziwa

Bambalwa abantu bazi, Nokho ethandwa oyster amakhowe - amakhowe, okuzingela futhi. Bona ungaphuthelwa ithuba lokujabulela gape worm. Njengomhlaba nezinye abazingeli, mycelium zabo chaza hyphae yabo adventitious, okuyinto ukukhiqiza ubuthi kuhle anobuthi.

Lokhu ushevu paralyzes isisulu futhi kweso Ukuvubukula hyphae. Ngemva kwalokho-oyster buthule eziswini yimpango yabo. ubuthi Oyster akuzona kuphela nematodes. Ngendlela efanayo bedla ngisho enchytraeids - umndeni esikhundleni esikhulu ka nemisundu eminingi. Lokho kwenza lokhu ostearin ushevu ezivezwa isikhunta. Kungabi ezinhle futhi namakhizane kanzima, ebeyindandatho eseduze.

It kuvela ukuthi lezi isikhunta yingozi ukudla? Cha Ososayensi bathi emzimbeni isithelo ukhunta akuyona ushevu anobuthi. Imvelo zahlelwa mshini kudingeka oyster kuphela ukuze bazivikele izinambuzane - tardigrades, izibungu futhi springtails.

Amakhowe umbulali - abangane kuze kube phakade, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi

Manje ake sixoxe ngendlela umuntu isebenzisa isikhunta predacious. Bangazuza emisebenzini kwezomnotho noma ziyingozi kuwe?

Mushroom umzingeli, abhubhise nematodes nezinye izinambuzane onjengaye Yiqiniso, umngane yabantu emihle. ukungcoliswa Namandla inhlabathi nematodes uyingozi kakhulu izitshalo. Kodwa ngoba isikhunta ezidla, bahlalele zidinga ukudla, futhi yiziphi izinambuzane. Ngakho mushroom abazingeli Sekuyisikhathi eside kusukela baba enye esihle izidakamizwa nobuthi obuyingozi kakhulu ngomthelela anthelmintic, ukusetshenziswa okuyinto akugcini ngokuletha umuzwa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kodwa ukumelana lenyuka ukuze ubuthi kanye nezinambuzane ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ngokwabo.

Kodwa isikhunta predacious akuzona njalo abangane yomuntu. Njengoba isintu X-XII leminyaka isifo eyaziwa ngokuthi eNtshonalanga Yurophu "umlilo St Anthony." ERussia, lesi sifo wabizwa ngokuthi "amajaqamba ababi", okuyinto okuhambisa ngempela isimo lesiguli. Izimpawu zalesi sifo kuthiwa ukuhlanza, ukungakuthandi ukudla, ubuhlungu obunjeya emathunjini nasesiswini, ubuthakathaka. Emacaleni angu-olunzima waphawula ukuhlanekezela futhi necrosis wemikhawulo, inyama ehlukanisiwe amathambo.

Njengoba kungekho muntu owazi ukuthi isikhathi eside, kusukela lapho kukhona amashwa efanayo. Kuyinto kuphela emva kwesikhathi eside kwatholakala ukuthi lesi sifo kubangela ergot - ukhunta okuzingela ophila Rye ezindlebeni futhi obumba izimpondo abamnyama lapho. Bona iqukethe ikhemikhali enobuthi - ergotamine. Ngakho sifo kuthiwa ergotism namuhla. Sinkhwa kusukela kule ufulawa ayikwazi kudliwe, njengoba Ubuthi lihlala lisesilinganisweni ngisho noma kushisa kakhulu.

isiphetho

Manje uyazi kancane ngaphezulu. Ikakhulukazi, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-fungus ezidla, njengoba azingele lokho kungase kube usizo noma yingozi kubantu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma nje kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi ulwazi olunjalo luyoba wusizo kuwe esikhathini esizayo.