Basil Oshchepkov: Biography, izithombe kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

ENingizimu Sakhalin 6 Januwari 1892 emndenini yiziboshwa yazalwa ndodana engumlanjwana Oshchepkov Vasily Sergeyevich - olandelayo umsubathi omkhulu futhi umsunguli we-judo kazwelonke. Umfana waba yisilahlwa, futhi banikezwe yokuthi eneminyaka engu-11, nakabekwa kuba uyintandane, singakwazi kuphela ukuqagela ukuthi yini ingane isiphetho elindelwe ngokuya ekubeletheni.

Udilikajele nabazali

Sasizigqokele kanzima nesimo esihlukile kakhulu, phakathi kwabo kukhona izigebengu nje kuphela kodwa futhi izibalo "zezombusazwe". Ungakwazi ubheke nabantu abavamile abaye bathola isigwebo ngecala ezincane.

Kodwa kwakungenjalo ezinzima futhi okuyisidina emkhathini nabanengqondo futhi zemfundo ngenkathi Sakhalin, njengoba kungase kubonakale. Ngesikhathi uNicholas II wakwazi ukuthola imfundo enhle, lakhula izibalo owaziwa nososayensi ejele:

• isihloli Antarctic Dmitry Girev;
• Narodovolets kanye umcwaningi Ainu Bronisław Pilsudski;
• "Imfundo Convict" wathola Daniil Kharms.

Ngakho-ke, akubona bonke abantu abazalwa ejele sibheke isiphetho esidabukisayo. EJapane Basil Oschepkin uthola engu-13 u-Archbishop UNicholas Japan, lapha okuqukethwe egcwele ingane ithola imfundo yenkolo futhi baqala ukutadisha-judo.

Mama - Maria Semenovna - wazalwa ngo 1851, washona ngo-1904. Lapho indodana yakhe wayeneminyaka eyishumi 8 ubudala, uMariya idluliselwe ssylnopoeselenki, amahlathi akwazile ukumelana engu-18 ejele kanye nemivimbo engu-60 ukubalekela ekubeletheni. Ubaba - Sergey Zaharovich Plisak - umbazi, washona ngo-1902. abazali Oschepkina abangu cohabiting.

New Year Eve Basil Oshchepkov - Sambo ubuhlakani esikhathini esizayo, wabhapathizwa umpristi Aleksandrom Uninskim. Godfather waba umabhalane abaphezulu amasosha ukwengamela ku Sakhalin George Pavlov-Smirnov. Ummeli wesifazane - Kochina Ivanovna.

Biography emfushane

Oshchepkov Vasily Sergeyevich - edume kunazo kanzima zokusebenza iziqu Tokyo sokuzivocavoca. EJapane wayesesangweni Agasti 1907. ke:

• iziqu ngempumelelo esikoleni Kodokan;
• Waba ngowokuqala Russian kanti owesine abathweswe iziqu European abakghona ukuqonda izimfihlo Japanese ukulwa bengahlomile;
• eU.SSR Savula isikole ka-judo futhi wathuthukisa lo mdlalo;
• imincintiswano judo wokuqala owawuse-1917;
• ngo-1932, lo mdlalo okwakuthinta ngayo kufakwe ohlelweni TRP;
• ngo-1937, Vasily Sergeyevich waboshwa futhi wabulawa.

Ekuqaleni le imfundiso ukuzivikela Russian XX leminyaka wayedinga, abaqeqeshelwe reception kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe. UMbusi uNicholas II ngemvume isimemezelo ngo-1903 ukusungula inkonzo ekhethekile kontrazvedochnoy. Ngezinhloso ezinjalo eYurophu alethwe ochwepheshe Japanese noma okusezingeni eliphezulu abathweswe iziqu zesikole judo Japan. Ukuze Russia, lokhu okunethezeka kwaba inadmissible ngoba iJapane ayethanda ukusebenza kwamazwe aseNtshonalanga.

izikhungo zemfundo ngokuqeqeshwa sivikeleke zadalwa ekusithekeni, ukuze ngingasebenzisi ukuheha ukunakwa. Izifundo yayiqhutshelwa ngaphansi kophahla izikhungo ezahlukene, omunye okwakuwuphawu sabefundisi zenkolo, esahlanganisa Russian umfana Basil Oshchepkov. Kungenzeka Labaqalayo kwaba intsha, kabani abazali babulawa empini Russian-Japanese.

Isifundo nempumelelo

Ngo-1911, 29 Okthoba, Oshchepkov abasha ingena esikoleni Kodokan. Uye waphawula ukomela ulwazi njalo, wayengumuntu kanzima sabasebenzi nabantu abanamakhono. Le mfuneko esemqoka abafundi ukuthi ngekhanda zonke izinhlobo izwi mentor Jigoro Kano. Uma umuntu ophazamisekile hhayi ebuka udokotela, akalamukelanga.

isicelo ngasinye lalibuswa esiqinile nguthishela. Boy ezivela eRussia kwakunzima kakhulu ukuba bafunde ukuba ahlale Japanese. Vasey imilenze ndikindiki, kodwa akazange uvuke, ngaleyo ndlela bebonisa inhlonipho umeluleki wakhe.

Ngemva konyaka kokuqala ukuqeqeshwa Oshchepkov uthola dan kuqala judo kanye kwesikhashana - yesibili. Yena balitadishisise isiyalo ayalolongwa inqubo yonke yayo futhi wathola ilungelo tie ibhande elimnyama. Basil Oshchepkov baba Russian ngqá emlandweni, okuyinto wayefaneleka njengenkosi yabo. Kwaba isenzakalo esithinta wenkazimulo, yena sihlonishwa, wayemthanda futhi bahlonishwe, ngokuthi nebhere Russian oye wawufinyelela umgomo wakhe.

Ngaphezu Judo esikoleni esiphakeme, lapho afundela khona lo msubathi abasha, amakilasi ku:

• Japan kanye izindaba zaseMpumalanga Ekude;
• izincwadi;
• lolimi;
• ukufunda izincwadi;
• Ukuhumusha Izihloko zamaphephandaba;
• ngekhanda eyala zenkolo;
• isiRashiya.

Basil ngempumelelo waphothula izifundo zakhe ngo-1913. isitifiketi yakhe yagcwala esiphelele isikolo emabanga kanye amamaki eziningana ngokuthi "omuhle".

Ukudalwa judo esikoleni kuqala eRussia

ERussia Vasily Oshchepkov wabuya ngo-1914 ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu. Kuye uchaziwe Amur Military District Harbin njengoba umhumushi e counterintelligence. Ngokulandelayo, ingena Amur umnyango wesifunda biko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo idala lokuqala judo esikoleni waseRussia.

Lena isikhashana mlando yangempela emlandweni yezemidlalo Russian: ehlobo lika-1914 - usuku lokuzalwa judo kazwelonke. Khona -wrestling Japanese kwaba exotic yangempela, ngisho umdlalo eqinile kwemibuso yaseYurophu. Futhi eRussia, edolobheni elincane isinyathelo judo nesigaba lapho Basil Oshchepkov Sambo ne-judo akwazi ukufundisa ubani ofuna.

Abasebasha bangasiza angene esigabeni futhi bahlanganyele nomqeqeshi professional, ababekuqongelele abantu abangaphezu kuka-50. Ukuqeqeshwa esenzeka umsebenzi ezisemadolobheni umphakathi: "Temidlalo" e Vladivostok, isakhiwo kwaqhubeka kukhona kwaze kwaba manje futhi manje ejimini Pacific Fleet lapha. Kusukela 2012 esikoleni intsha e Aleksandrovsk yaqanjwa wizadi abadumile. Esikhathini yokwamukela izivakashi isakhiwo inezithombe Vasiliya Oschepkova.

kwesigaba ukugijima judo School-based, elinabantu abantu, anamanci mahlanu. Kukhunjulwa master owawuse lapha ezimbili lesifunda Sambo Tournament ngo-2014 kuya ku 2015.

E-Moscow, Vasily Oshchepkov judo abaqeqeshiwe onogada, amaphoyisa Red Ukulwa.

Phakathi nomsebenzi wakhe lochwepheshe Vasily Sergeyevich wafunda ukuphrinta izincwadi walandela Amathrendi kwezobuciko, uqoqe a umtapo enkulu 1937 ngokuvumelana amasu ahlukahlukene sivikeleke, karate ne-judo.

Ngokusho kwe-World Encyclopedia, wadala e-England, umsolwa judo imincintiswano lokuqala ngaphandle kwe-Japan yayiqhutshelwa 1919. Kodwa zomlando ephephandabeni lendawo libhekisela Russian judo imincintiswano aphethwe okungenani iminyaka emibili ngaphambi DEBUT European.

Beyofuna umsebenzi Vasily waya Aleksandrovsk ku Sakhalin lapho engazalwa ngalo, kwenza isibonelo esiphilayo sokuthi amafilimu. Ngo-September 1923, Vasily Sergeyevich uqala babambisane nombusi kube uhulumeni ebuthweni laseSoviet - ngokuhlakanipha. Oshchepkov wasebenza ngaphansi mbumbulu "DD". Ngo amabhayisikobho akhe, yaxoxela intelligence esibalulekile, khona-ke yena abuyele Japan.

Iminyaka yangemva kwempi

Oshchepkov Vasily Sergeyevich Sambo lifundisa ngokomzimba imfundo umfundisi wase-USSR. Ukufundisa geography Basil landiswa futhi ngo-1925, wayesebenza e Novosibirsk e esikoleni amaphoyisa. Ngesikhathi phambi, wathola ubungcweti umhumushi wezempi, ngakho wakwazi ukukhokha uhambo angaphandle njalo. Oshchepkov njalo ngcono intshiseko yakhe, wafundiswa futhi kahle amasu amasha, ukuthuthukisa amasu abo abo. Ngakho kancane kancane kwaba khona omunye isiyalo - Sambo.

Imithetho lokulwa senziwa division lwezigaba isisindo, ushintshe uhlobo abahlanganyeli:

• esikhundleni mat kwaba washukashukana uhlaka;
• kimono Japanese kwathathelwa indawo jackets eliwumngcingo;
• briefs ezemidlalo yasetshenziswa esikhundleni judo ibhulukwe;
• ukulwa fighters wafika izicathulo ezikhethekile hhayi engafaké zicathulo.

Kuba nezinguquko eziphawulekayo baye bahlupheka imithetho kuphela emzabalazweni ngokwayo, kodwa futhi nezindaba zalo yenhlangano, control esiqinile lwenziwe impilo abahlanganyeli. Ukuxhawula kwaba isici esisemqoka wokuncintisana ngamunye. Abaphikisi ukuxhawulana nomunye ngaphambi nangemva izimpi.

Ukuthuthukiswa karate uhlelo nabafundi Oshchepkova

Oschepkovskaya uhlelo athuthukile nethuthukisiwe ngaphandle kwethonya kwamanye amazwe, kanye Japanese, izikole Judo. Vasily Sergeyevich kwadingeka imfundo ephakeme ezemidlalo, kodwa ukuzinikela kwakhe nisondele ibhizinisi babe yesayensi ngempela. Master njalo ukuthuthukisa amakhono nokwenza judo ezemidlalo esiyingqayizivele, kodwa abutholakali kuphela lo msebenzi.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo-Japanese ngokwabo baye baqaphela inqubo ukulwa Sambo, ethi kuyinto ephelele ezingaphezu kuka-judo. Oshchepkova lokulwa isitayela uyiswa ekamu isevisi izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme kanye amayunithi lempi. Master kuthatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni iqoqo "Ulungele Labour and Defence ye-USSR." Phakathi kwabafundi abathweswa iziqu Vasily Sergeyevich babe amakhosi ezifana:

• VG Kuzovlev;
• VV Sidorov;
• NM Galkovsky;
• IV Vasiliev;
• RA zesikole;
• AA Harlampiev futhi amanye amakhosi amaningi.

Esikhathini 30s Oshchepkova wabizelwa eMoscow, lapho wakwazi ukufundisa amasosha aseSoviet elwa ngesisekelo-judo.

Lokuboshwa nokubulawa

Ukuphela 30s kwaba yinkathi emnyama ngoba judo - umdlalo wawuvinjelwe ngokuthi "luphambene nakho yokuvinjezelwa Soviet zabantu abavamile." Ehlobo lika-1937 Vasily Sergeyevich wavula ngesikhathi Isikole samabanga aphezulu abaqeqeshi ngokukhethekile-judo.

UMdali Combat Sambo Vasily Oshchepkov uzoboshwa ngoba ubunhloli ngo-September 1937 futhi ngemva kwenyanga wayezokufa ejele. Waba nguyise judo, kodwa yavuna Sambo, wayinika khona, wayezinikele ehlangene nezithakazelo zoMbusi amaphoyisa Soviet imfihlo, kodwa ngokuvumelana eyodwa version, wadutshulwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuboshwa, ngakolunye - ushonile ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

Ngo-1937 Judo ayifakiwe kukharikhulamu izikhungo ephakeme Imfundo imfundo ngokomzimba. Ngo-September ka lowo nyaka wakhipha isimemezelo ku edonsa isakhamuzi Oshchepkova ekushushiselweni ubugebengu ngoba ubunhloli esivuna Japan. Nakuba ukubotshwa ebusuku ezazivamile ezweni lonke. Sathandana ukusolwa kwasekuqaleni labo abaye phesheya. Oshchepkov sengqondo, ngeshwa, kulesi sigaba sabantu.

Lokhu edabukisayo cabanga amadoda lamfica eminingi ehlonishwayo futhi okhazimulayo isikhathi. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-20, uma ukuboshwa izobuyekezwa futhi ecacisa ukuthi Vasiliya Oschepkova waboshwa futhi icala ngokungemthetho. Wayeqonda ukuthi judo ezifana ngayo, ngeke kuzixazulule zonke izinkinga sivikeleke.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, esiqinile, isitayela esivaliwe yempi futhi atholwe "ubuciko khulula", lapho wonke amasu abangu ayalolongwa ekupheleleni futhi othathwe nezinye izikole ngamazwe. Yavela kanjalo-ke umdlalo othile omusha - Sambo. Futhi waqala ukufundisa uVasili Oshchepkov ukulwa Sambo.

ukuphila Siqu

Umsunguli we Sambo Vasily Oshchepkov wayeshadile kathathu. Ngemva kwesehlukaniso kumkakhe wokuqala, Ekaterina Zhuravleva, inhliziyo hero wethu washaya intombazane eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala wase-Harbin. Maria ke eseqedile zokugcina isigaba lolimi. Kwaba Uthando olukhona ebandleni lapho uqala nje ukubona, kodwa Maria ebulawa isifo sofuba. Umkakhe yesithathu - Anna Ivanovna Kazembek, Basil ezitholakala eMoscow.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuphila Oshchepkova ukuthi lihlotshaniswa ezemidlalo, ezempilo, kwehlukile. Waze ekuqeqesheni neze wakhumula izikibha kanye shirts, abafundi wathi, ukuthi kuyalinqoba isifo sesikhumba. Ngisho nalapho ngisemncane ayenakho izinkinga nezinwele, yena aphuce amakhanda ayizimpandla ngoba lysel.

Ukuvuselelwa judo

Esikhathini imvuselelo eSoviet Union Judo kwenzeka ku 60s, ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiyalo emidlalweni yama-Olympic. Kabusha ngesisekelo karate elwa Sambo.

Ngo biography kanye nomlando ekuthuthukiseni Oshchepkova Sambo Iphuzu elithakazelisayo. Ngo emithonjeni eminingi yasekhaya ingabe ngokuthi umsunguli isiyalo. Yiqiniso, qaphela ukuthi omunye abadali sport ethandwa kuyinto compatriot wethu, kumnandi. Nokho, uzokwenza kumelwe kuthiwe kukhona abaphikisi yalesi sitatimende.

Kulesi ingxabano livela kwenye ubuso, futhi ngempela kufanele - Spiridonov Viktor Afanasevich, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi kuthathwa njengesibikezelo wrestlers iphayona-Sambo. By endleleni, it is wasebenzisa igama elithi "Samba" kuqala. Kwakukhona abanye abantu ababethi isihloko iphayona-judo ne Sambo. Oshchepkov kahle emfanele isiqu esinjalo ukuthi reworked ubuciko eliyingqayizivele bokulwa owaziwa, ukudala isitayela sakhe.

uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa Judo kusekelwe Duel Japanese Kodokan Judo. Lokhu art iye ngobuchwepheshe zibukezwa futhi ahlanganiswe izindlela ezintsha, othathwe izinhlelo eziningi international ukuzivikela karate, i-wrestling, isibhakela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi sijeziso uye savela zibe uhlelo ekahle akancike.

Oshchepkova judo uhlelo kwamiswa ngasekuqaleni 30 sika ngokugcwele. Thuthukisa kuyasiza Ochwepheshe ehamba phambili zaseSoviet ahlukahlukene karate, abafundi nabasizi.

Imemori ye wayeyisazi Sambo

Ikhumbule umsunguli judo kazwelonke kowezi-2000, kwaba ehlelekile tournaments Sambo yonkana Russia. In autumn 2012 okuyinhloko lesikhumbuzo Sambo kwavulwa Vladivostok. "Ezemidlalo Judo Federation" ukwenza ngaphandle popularization amagugu Oshchepkova Sakhalin. Iziphathimandla zesifunda asekelwe isiphakamiso igama lomuntu ezitaladini entsha e Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk okuthiwa VS Oshchepkova.

Oshchepkov wadala, ubuciko entsha esiyingqayizivele bokulwa esekelwe-judo. ukunakwa okuningi sakhokhwa amasu eshaya, kanye nomsebenzi ngaphandle izingubo, amaqhinga, othathwe ubuciko Chinese bokulwa.

Efingqa

Kungenzeka neze overestimate umnikelo mdlalo kazwelonke ka Vasily Sergeyevich Soviet hlola owayesebenza Japan iminyaka eminingi. Indaba yokuphila kwakhe futhi manje sizungezwe ezinganekwaneni, ongasho ngokuqinisekile: unobuntu obuhlukile - Vasily Oshchepkov. Umlando wakhe akazishalazeli abacwaningi - abathanda abazama buyisela ulwazi ngempilo yakhe.

Lonke ukuphila ye-master njengoba ukugcwaliseka kwesinye umusho engavamile: wazalwa emndenini yiziboshwa ngasinda lapho sonke siyafa. Ngokuyisimangaliso uvele Japan ngaphansi kokuqondisa UNicholas Japan, waya Lycée wakora ukukhuthala. Yena waba umfundi-judo umsunguli Jigoro Kano.

Impi yombango, iziyaluyalu okungapheli Primorye - is badabula Oshchepkov Basil. Wayengumuntu isithunywa ku-Sakhalin futhi wasebenza eJapane, yaphindela eSoviet Union, unikezwa ngokuphelele lo mdlalo of-judo kwesigaba wavula futhi ithuthukiswe lesi siyalo.

Wakhonza Army Japanese, wabambisana ne counterintelligence zasebukhosini wahlala isikhathi eside ezweni ngokusagolide lapho ilanga liphuma.

Lokhu ompetha kwezemidlalo oluvelele, wafa eneminyaka engu-44, e-inani eliphakeme kunawo wonke amathuba abo yokudala, abaningi izinhlelo zayo wokuvelela, akazange bona.