Amalungu e-Pascal. Izinhlelo zezinhlaka ePascal

Njalo ngonyaka isithakazelo sokwenyuka kwezinhlelo. Futhi uma ngezikhungo ezenzelwe izinhlelo zokubhala zenza ukubheja ngolimi lohlelo olufana noC ++, khona-ke ezikoleni nezikole zezobuchwepheshe bazi kangcono noPascal. Futhi kakade ngesisekelo salolu limi baqala ukuqonda izinhlelo ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-software yeDelphi. Kumele kuqashelwe ngokushesha ukuthi lezi zilimi zokuhlela zinikeza isikhala esikhulu sokubonakaliswa kwengqondo yabo. Futhi uma ungasebenzisa ulimi elithi "Pascal" ukuze uzijwayeze ngemigomo eyisisekelo yezinhlelo, khona-ke kuDelphi usuvele ubhala uhlelo olugcwele. Futhi indawo ebalulekile ekubhalweni kwezinhlelo ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha isisombululo sezinhlaka ePascal.

Ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu

Kulimini lokuhlela, kunamanani amaningi ahlukahlukene, okuyiwona kuphela okuyigugu okuyisici. Bayakwazi ukugcina ngokwabo inani elilodwa, babe nohlobo oluthile. Okuhlukile yizinguquko zezintambo. Ziyizo zonke lezo zedatha lapho uhlobo lohlamvu lwazo luphawu. Kodwa lezi zinguquko zivame ukubhekwa njengombono womuntu ngamunye.

Akuyona imfihlo kunoma ubani osebenzisa ikhompyutha anganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokwenza umsebenzi othile ohlotshaniswa nemininingwane enkulu. Kodwa kanjani, uma usebenzisa lezo zinguquko kuphela ezaziwa ezinhlotsheni zabantu, ungagcina imiphumela yomsebenzi enkumbulweni, futhi uhlaziye leyo datha equkethe inombolo enkulu yemigqa? Imisebenzi eyenzeka njalo kaningi kunoma iyiphi insimu yomsebenzi.

Ngokwemvelo, kuhlale kunokwenzeka ukufaka inombolo yezinguquko ezidingekayo ukuze ufeze imigomo ebekiwe. Ungakwazi futhi ukuchaza amanye amanani kubo. Kodwa ikhodi yohlelo izokhula kuphela kusuka kulokhu. Kunzima ukufunda ikhodi enezinamba ezinkulu . Ikakhulukazi uma udinga ukuthola amaphutha.

Ngakho-ke, abahleli bacabangile ngombuzo onjalo. Yingakho ngalezo zilimi ezakhiwe kuze kube manje, kunezinguquko ezinjalo ezinikezela ithuba lokulondoloza inani elikhulu lwedatha ngokwabo. Amalungu e-Pascal ashintshile kakhulu endleleni yokuhlela. Ngakho-ke, kubhekwa njengento ebalulekile ekulimeni kolimi.

Ukusebenzisa i-arrays kunganciphisa kakhulu inani lekhodi

Leli gama lifihla ukulandelana kwedatha okulandelwe ukuthi uhlobo luni oluyisici. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke le datha ithola igama elilodwa. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngaphansi kwencazelo enikeziwe izinto eziningi zezwe langempela zingasondela: izichazamazwi, amathangi kanye nezinye izinto eziningi. Kodwa-ke, uhlu olulula kunazo zonke ku-"Pascal" lunikezwa ngendlela yohlobo lwetafula. Esitokisini ngasinye esihlukile kunesimo esisodwa. Ngosizo lwezixhumanisi, ungakwazi ukunquma isimo seguquguquki esizohlala kuso etafuleni elivamile.

Yisho ukuthini i-one-dimensional array?

I-elula yithebula, elilinganiselwe. Kulolu hlu, ukuze unqume indawo yepharamitha, kwanele ukucacisa inombolo eyodwa kuphela. Izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zakhiwa ngesisekelo sabo.

Ukuze uhlathulule izingxenye zomzimba eyodwa ku-Pascal, mane uthayiphe ikhodi elandelayo: Thayipha I-Array [] ye- .

Njengoba izinombolo zingezona eziguquguqukayo ezingaba nohlobo lwe-ordinal. Ukukhomba ububanzi, kuyasiza ukuqonda ukuthi imbewu ayikwazi ukuphakama kunokuphela. Uhlobo lokuthi izakhi ze-array zikhona, zingaba noma yikuphi - kungaba standard, noma kakade kuchazwe ngaphambilini. Ukuzikhethela kuzoxhomeka ekudingeni ukuxazulula inkinga ethile.

I-array line echazwe kanjani?

Kungenzeka ukuthi uchaze ngokushesha imidwebo eyodwa-ntathu ePascal. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe esigabeni esikhethekile, okudingekayo kule nqubo. Uzodinga ukungena ikhodi elandelayo: Var > I-Array [] Ku .

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ungachaza kanjani i-Pascal, kufanele ufake ikhodi elandelayo:

- Var

- S, iVV: I-Array [5..50] ye-Real;

- K: I-Array ['C' .. 'R'] Ye-Integer;

- Z: Uhlu [-10..10] lweZwi;

- E: Uhlu [3..30] Lwangempela.

Kulesi sibonelo, iziguquko S, VV kanye noT ziyizinombolo zalezi zinombolo ezingokoqobo. Ngaphansi kokuguquguquka K, uhlobo lomlingisi futhi lezo zakhi zifihliwe. Yiziphi ezihlobene nezinombolo. I-array Z igcina izinombolo ezinohlobo lweZwi.

Phakathi kwazo zonke izenzo ongayisebenzisa uma usebenza nge-array, ungakhetha isabelo. Angabeka ngaphansi kwetafula lonke. Isibonelo, i-S: = VV. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi imisebenzi yokubelwa ingahle ibe ngaphansi kwalolu hlobo ku-Pascal, olunehlobo oluthile.

Ayikho imisebenzi engase ivele ivele kuyo yonke indawo. Noma kunjalo, ungasebenzisa izakhi ngendlela efanayo nangezinye izinombolo eziyinhloko ezihlobo oluthile. Ukuze ufinyelele ipharamitha ehlukile, kufanele ucacise igama le-array. Ngokusebenzisa amabakaki wesikwele, sidinga ukunquma inkomba ewuphawu lwesici esifunayo. Isibonelo: K [12].

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-arrays nezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo

Umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwezingxenye zetafula kanye neziguquguquko ezilula ukuthi phakathi kwabazali kungenzeka ukuthi awubeke nje inani lenkomba, kodwa futhi nenkulumo engabangela inani elifunayo. Isibonelo sokukhuluma ngokungaqondile kungaba kanje: V [K]. I-variable K ibheka inani elithile. Kulokhu kulandela ukuthi ungasebenzisa umjikelezo lapho ugcwalisa, ulungisa futhi uphrinta uhlu.

Leli fomu yenhlangano lingenzeka uma kwenzeka izintambo eziguquguqukayo ezisondelene kakhulu nezakhiwo zazo ezihlotsheni ze-Char. Kodwa kukhona umehluko. Zilezi zilandelayo:

1. Izinguquko zomzila zingahlala zifakwe ngaphakathi kwekhibhodi futhi ziphrintiwe esikrinini.
2. Izinguquko zomgqa zilinganiselwe ubude bawo. Ungangena izinhlamvu ezingaphezulu ezingu-255. Ivolumu elibalulekile le-array ngu-64 KB.

Ngaziphi izindlela ongabonisa idatha ehleliwe esibukweni?

Ukunakwa kufanele kubhalelwe ngendlela okuqukethwe kokuhlanganiswa kuboniswa ekubonisweni. Kuneziningana.

1. I-Writeln (A [1], A [2], A [3]). Isibonelo esinjalo, nakuba sinobudala, sikwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi umuntu angakwazi kanjani ukubhekana ngqo nesici ngasinye esizimele etafuleni. Kodwa-ke, ezinye zezinzuzo ukuthi izigaba zePascal zinokushintshashintsha okulula azibonakali lapha.
2. Uhlelo lwe-A1;
   I-Var B: I-Array [1..10] Ye-Integer;
   K: I-Integer;
   Qala
   I-K: = 1 kuya ku-10 Yenza {Lo myalo uhlela i-loop ne-parameter}
   Funda u-A [K]); {A [I] kungumnikelo ngokusebenzisa ikhibhodi}
   I-K: = 10 I-Downto 1 Yenza {Ithebula liphrintiwe ngokulandelana okulandelayo}
   Bhala (A [K], 'VVV')
   Qeda.

Ikhodi efanayo yohlelo yezinhlaka ePascal ibonisa ukuthi ungangena kanjani izinombolo ezingu-10 usebenzisa ikhibhodi, ukuyiphrinta, ukulungisa kabusha amanani ku-oda ehlane. Uma uhlelo olufanayo lubhalwa kabusha ngokusebenzisa inamba enkulu yezinguquko esikhundleni se-array, khona-ke ikhodi izokhushulwa kakhulu. Futhi lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu inqubo yokufunda lolu hlelo.

Amakhono okwandisa ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwemigqa

Ungaphinda ugcwalise amatafula ngalezo zindinganiso ezilingana nesigcawu sezinhlamvu zezinhlamvu. Kukhona futhi amathuba okubhala uhlu lwemigqa e-Pascal, okuzovumela zonke izinombolo ukuba zifakwe ngokuzenzekelayo. Njengoba ungabona, ukusebenzisa uhlu luyakwandisa kakhulu amandla olimi lohlelo lwePascal.

Ukucubungula imidwebo eqondile kuvamile kakhulu kwimisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, akukho okungaqondakali ukuthi bafundiswa ezikoleni nasezikoleni. Ngetulu kwaloko, ematfuba lamatsatfu atfutfukako ayenti kakhulu.

Yini efihliwe ngaphansi kwezingxenye ezimbili zedijithali?

Ungacabanga itafula eliqukethe imigqa eminingana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Umugqa ngamunye uqukethe amaseli amaningana. Esimweni esinjalo, ukuze kunqunywe ngokunembile isikhundla samaseli, kubalulekile ukuphawula inkomba eyodwa, njengoba kwakunjalo ngezingqimba ezilinganayo, kodwa ezimbili - izinombolo eziwuphawu lomugqa nekholomu. Ukumelwa okufanayo kubonakala ngezigaba ezimbili-ntathu ePascal.

Ungenza kanjani incazelo yamatafula alolu hlobo?

Isakhiwo se-data esenzeka ePascal ukuze sigcine amanani wetafula elinjalo libizwa ngokuthi i-pair-dimensional array. Incazelo yezinhlobo ezinjalo ingenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa usebenzisa izindlela ezimbili.

1. I-Var B: I-Array [1..15] Ye-Array [1..30] Ye-Integer;
2. I-Var B: I-Array [1..15, 1..30] Ye-Integer.

Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, i-array-dimensional array ichazwa enezinhlu ezingu-15 namakholomu angu-30. Lezo zincazelo ezinikezwe ngenhla zilingana ngokuphelele. Ukuze uqale usebenze nanoma iyiphi enye yezinto, kudingeka ukhethe izinkomba ezimbili. Isibonelo, A [6] [5] noma A [6,5].

Okukhiphayo kusikrini kuzoba okufanayo nasendabeni yesigaba esisodwa. Udinga kuphela ukucacisa izinkomba ezimbili. Kuzo zonke ezinye izici, akukho ukungafani njengalokho, ngakho-ke, akudingeki ukuba ukhulume ngalokhu isikhathi eside.

Indlela yokuqala ongayenza ngayo

Ngezinye izikhathi kunesidingo sokuhlela idatha. Ukwenza lokhu, ulimi lunemiyalo efanele. Kukhona ama-algorithms amabili lapho i-array ingahle ihlelwe khona ku-Pascal. Incazelo yendlela ekhethiwe yokukhetha iwukuthi ngokukhipha umjikelezo, zonke izintambo ezihlukene zetafula zizoqhathaniswa namanye amanani. Ngamanye amazwi, uma kunezinombolo ezingu-15, kuqala kuqala inombolo izohamba ngenqubo yokuqhathanisa nezinye izinombolo. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka kuze kube mzuzwana, isibonelo, leso sici esikhulu kunenombolo yokuqala etholakala. Kamuva, lesi sibalo sizoqhathaniswa. Lokhu kuzophindaphindiwe kuze kufike umzuzwana uma isici esikhulu kakhulu sitholakala. Le ndlela ilula kakhulu kulabo abavele baqala ukusebenza ngolimi.

Indlela yesibili yokuhlunga izigaba

Indlela yesibili yi-bubble. Okuyinhloko yale nqubo kuwukuthi izakhi ezizungezile ziqhathaniswa ngezibili. Isibonelo, u-1 no-2, u-2 no-3, u-3 no-4, njalonjalo. Uma inani elitholakala lihambisana ngokugcwele nezimo zokuhlunga, lizothunyelwa ekupheleni kwendawo yonke, okungukuthi, iphuma njenge "bubble" . Le algorithm yinkimbinkimbi kunzima ukuyikhumbula. Nokho, akudingeki ukuba ngekhanda ngekhanda. Into esemqoka ukuqonda sonke isakhiwo sekhodi. Futhi kuphela kulokhu, ungafaka isicelo sokufeza izindawo eziphakeme ekuhlelweni.

Isiphetho

Sithemba ukuthi uyaqonda ukuthi yiziphi izigaba, nokuthi ungalungisa kanjani ukuthola inani elithile noma ufeze umgomo othize. Uma ukhethwe ukuxazulula umsebenzi othize, "Pascal", izindawo ezihlala endaweni ebalulekile, khona-ke zidinga ukuthi zisondele ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuthonywa isici esinjengokuba khona kolunye ulimi olunezinombolo eziguquguqukayo ezisetshenziswe ezimweni ezithile ukuze kube lula ikhodi yonke. Ama-arrays acatshangwa ngokufanele ngamanani abalulekile, okufundwayo okumelwe kwenzeke nakanjani.