Ubuchwepheshe, Electronics
Amarobhothi Humanoid: isithombe Nobuchwepheshe
Phakathi namashumi eminyaka edlule esidlule, amadivayisi zezimboni cybernetic cishe lwaludlula indoda nge izimboni eziyingozi, okuyisidina futhi ezisindayo. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze esivezwa ukunwetshwa inkonzo Android. amarobhothi Humanoid uzokhulula Abakhe isimiso wezaseKhaya, uzobe wahlanganyela ukunakekelwa asebekhulile, ezinganeni ezinezinkinga zokufunda.
I prototypes lokuqala
Ngo 1639, yaqala engaphezu kwemibili ngabodwa unyaka ayikhulu Japan kusukela lonke izwe. Ukuze ahwebe ethekwini Nagasaki wavunyelwa ukuba abathengisi ambalwa kusuka Holland neChina, uvumela isiko Japanese esiyingqayizivele ukuthuthukisa indlela yayo ngaphandle ithonya ngaphandle. Lokhu kwakuwukuzalwa of dolls weza kule nkathi, "Karakuri".
Eqinisweni, lena amarobhothi lokuqala humanoid ne clockwork, nakuba ezinye onobuhle ezingavamile eliqhutshwa umusi, amanzi noma isihlabathi enenhlamba. Dolls ubungazwa abantu phakathi nemikhosi yomphakathi, lavuselelwa omkhulu amakhaya ocebile.
Unentshisekelo idivayisi yangaphakathi "Karakuri" kwaba ngendlela engalungile, kanti yangaphandle iye ukunaka kakhulu ngendlela idrayivu indlela ikhokhwe.
Ubuchwepheshe kanye Psychology
Japanese amarobhothi humanoid ukusetha Vector jikelele ukuthuthukiswa amadivayisi cybernetic konjiniyela emhlabeni wonke. Ubunzima main ekudaleni izinhlelo laba balobi abakuloba - isidingo ucwaningo multi-izigwegwe. Ukusebenza okungaguquki ehlelekile akufanele enze le nto hhayi kuphela onjiniyela kanye computer, zezibalo zesayensi, kodwa futhi odokotela bengqondo, zezenhlalo kanye nezazi-mlando.
Man kakhulu ukukholelwa ngaphandle imizwa. Futhi oludidiyelwe, ngaphezu "hardware" nesofthiwe kubaluleke kakhulu ingxenye yesithathu uhlelo laba balobi abakuloba - imizwelo. Ucwaningo kule ndawo bekwi isayensi olukhethekile eduze oluhlobene zezenhlalakahle - amarobhothi kwezenhlalo kanye robopsihologiya.
amarobhothi Humanoid, ngaphandle ikhono belingisa ukunyakaza elula mechanical, ube yokufakelwa intelligence, self-yokufunda kanye lithathelwe.
Yini can i Android?
amarobhothi Humanoid ukufunda ubuchwepheshe obusha namakhono ukuze uxhumane nomuntu. Umxhwele kakhulu yimpumelelo ekuthuthukiseni yemisebenzi elandelayo:
- UNobhala. Android uyakhonza izivakashi, ukhuluma amasevisi noma imikhiqizo yenkampani.
- Waiter. Leli robhothi kuthatha oda (ngokukhuluma noma nge touch screen), edlulisa ulwazi ekhishini, izitsha kanye unikeza ikhasimende ulindele (futhi ayidingi ithiphu!). ukusetshenziswa Robokafe e-South Korea ethandwa kakhulu.
- Qondisa. Qondisa. Uchaza ngokuningiliziwe mayelana embukisweni, ziphephile.
- Mfundisi. Umnakekeli. Very ewusizo izingane ukutadisha ukude on uhlelo ngabanye.
- Cosmonaut. Okungenani, kukhona Ngokwesibonelo ezimbili ezikhona: "Japanese" KIROBO futhi "American" Robonaut 2. Uma ulibo yakhelwe kuphela ukuxhumana crew (izithombe, imiyalezo), lona wamuva uyakwazi autonomously enze imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi lobuchwepheshe emkhathini.
iqhawe laba balobi abakuloba
brainchild Izintandokazi yesayensi kuba ngokoqobo. Military okukhethekile amarobhothi isikhathi eside futhi ngempumelelo akuhlule e-United States. Nokho, kwaze kwaba kuziwa ezenzakalelayo ukulwa uhlelo, ezimisiwe ngokwabo ngesikhathi imisebenzi e-Iraq, Afghanistan. Amadivayisi anjalo zibhekane ngokuphumelelayo intelligence ubunjiniyela izinkinga.
Ukulwa amarobhothi humanoid ngoba zibiza kakhulu enamakhophi olulodwa njengoba amasampula embukisweni. Ngokwesibonelo, okuzoqondiswa Method1 Android, wabonisa onjiniyela-Korean. Walker uyakwazi ukuhambisa ezingalweni zakhe futhi ukuhambahamba, kokulingisa nokuhamba kwezindikimba opharetha. Irobhothi omkhulu humanoid has a ukuphakama 4 amamitha kanye nesisindo 1.5 amathani.
Okuningi usayizi othobekile Android isiRashiya, kodwa ukusebenza okuningi: isibhamu ukudubula, ukulawula ATV, ukunakekelwa ngezokwelashwa. Leli robhothi isetshenziswa kusukela imodeli ngaphambili SAR-401 (NGO "Androidnye ubuchwepheshe") ukuze uthole inguqulo lempi imisebenzi esidalelwe izidingo Nhlangano "Roscosmos".
isiko Japanese
Hiroshi Ishiguro - uprofesa waseyunivesithi komuzi Japanese Osaka futhi Institute for Advanced Technology e Kyoto - yazuza emhlabeni wonke udumo 2006, wethulwa emphakathini yayo ikhophi esiqondile cybernetic - dzheminoida HI-1 (HI-1 Geminoid). Inani elikhulu of izinzwa Servo motors ivumela laba balobi abakuloba ezilingisa nje kuphela ukuthinta, kodwa isimo sobuso sibonelo. onobuhle okwalandela (HI-2; F; HI-4; Q1) zinengqondo nakakhulu. Eqinisweni, amarobhothi humanoid kakhulu - unodoli kulawulwa opharetha nge esibonakalayo engenantambo.
Ngokusho uprofesa, ifana eduze uthole lula kunalokho ukufundisa android ukucabanga unjengomuntu nokwenza izinqumo zabo. Ngu Hiroshi Ishiguro amarobhothi kubadlali schematically kuphela zifane abantu, kodwa ibhola kuyinto, futhi balinganisela isikhundla isango, thumela kuye kwesokudla on target. "Iron" Ishiguro ithimba - emihlanu-isikhathi Amaqhawe emhlabeni robofutbolu.
humanoid Ebukekayo kusuka China
Lesi sidalwa esihle ngokuthi Jia Jia. Ogelezayo black hair yokusakaza bendabuko ingubo Chinese. Smiling, wayezoba ukusekela ingxoxo elula uyakwazi uzulazule emkhathini, ngisho Abantu abadlala ngothando ababona amadoda. It has abalandeli bayo emhlabeni wonke, ubani obizwa ngokuthi yi wakhe "irobhothi nonkulunkulukazi welanga."
Jia Jia - android sokuqala China sika, adalwe onjiniyela e-University of Science and Technology (Hefei, China). Ukuthuthukisa amamodeli isofthiwe ekhethekile yokusebenza kwathatha cishe iminyaka emithathu, futhi namanje sikude kakhulu nokuphelela. Umholi Project Chen Xiaoping uqiniseke ukuthi abalandeli "unkulunkulukazi" has a ikusasa okukhulu. Robots AI eziphambili ngabomvu ezibhedlela, makhaya, ukwenza imisebenzi elula zokudla.
amarobhothi humanoid European
Esikhathini Izwe Elidala izinhlelo humanoid zidalwe phelelisa ngaphakathi ROBOSKIN phrojekthi. Imodeli edume kunazo Caspar futhi iCub, mancane. Okokuqala ithuthukiswe e-University of Hertfordshire (UK) kanye yakhelwe ukuxhumana futhi bafundise izingane ngendlela playful. Ukusabela Caspar touch, ngenxa isikhumba yokufakelwa izinzwa ebucayi zingahluka futhi kuncike ethintekayo contact amandla. Ngo irobhothi omnene tickling eveza ukwaneliseka eneminyaka push eqinile ekhononda ubuhlungu.
irobhothi umzimba iCub (Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa) has 53 lamadigri enkululeko, futhi endowed umshini Android ngokuthinta. Kubonakala sengathi umntwana 4 - 5 iminyaka. Kungaba ukukhasa, lokuxhaphaza izinto, indlela isimo sezwe.
US State Order
Humanoid PETMAN (kumbhali yephrojekthi R. Pleyter, Boston Dinamics) akusho baveze imizwelo nhlobo, ngenxa yokuthi vele ukuthi akabakhathalele kangakanani abantu ikhanda. It wadalwa ukuze uhulumeni ukuhlola ikhwalithi ukuhlolwa zokuzivikela amasudi. Leli robhothi ine isilinganiso indoda nemingcele: ukuphakama 1.75 m ukala 80 kg. PETMAN iyaphendula ukuzivocavoca. Ukuhamba nokugijima phambili ukuphefumula njalo, kukhuphuke izinga lokushisa komzimba, ngisho ajulukayo.
Leli robhothi uyakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi elula: ekhama kusukela phansi, sigobe, kukhasa, njll kodwa kusetshenziswe njengezaba injini futhi uhlelo wokubacindezela samakhebula-izintambo ... Onjiniyela athembisa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kuzodala irobhothi elinjengomuntu nge ezizimele ugesi.
Ngo-2014, amamodeli ezimbili ezintsha of ATLAS futhi Cheetah banikezwe ukusebenza enkulu ehlanganisa nokuya nomaphi, kodwa namanje njengemodemu kumthombo wamandla wangaphandle.
Inguquko siyeza?
UProfesa Masha Vardi (Computer Engineering, Ilayisi University, Houston, USA) uveza ukuthi azikho imingcele for ezishintshayo imishini futhi ekugcineni uyobapha ngesandla waba indoda eziningi ngobuchule neliphelele kunalelo. Minyaka yonke ethandwa kakhudlwana, uma ngingenalo uthando, wajabulela emhlabeni wonke amarobhothi humanoid. Izithombe namavidiyo ku-Web bathola izigidi ukubukwa, nokho ukunwetshwa olusondelayo amarobhothi kungaba kakhulu ukwandisa share abangasebenzi. Eqenjini ukuzibonakalisa ingozi kanye nezikhundla ukuthi zingaphendulwa zibe yizindawo yokuhlanganela binary code: Telecom operator kanye angabanjwa, izisebenzi kanye nabanye.
Futhi phezulu 5 engcono humanoid amarobhothi ubufakazi:
- GEMINOID-F - intombazane irobhothi (Japan). ikhophi Humanoid uSolwazi Ishiguro. Uyakwazi ukukhuluma, ukumamatheka, ukuveza ukulingisa lonke Iphalethi imizwelo ngisho ukucula. Wayedlala ngeqhaza ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini.
- ASIMO - android (Honda, Japan). Esikhathini arsenal - egijima, zokunqoba ka izitebhisi, ukudlala ibhola lezinyawo. It has a eziyinkimbinkimbi umshini umbono izinhlelo futhi basakaza inzwa inethiwekhi. Ukuwuvula ibhodlela bese uthele okuqukethwe izibuko.
- Ro-Boy - humanoid (Federal Institute of Technology, eZurich, eSwitzerland), zonke izingxenye zazo ngendlela yokuthi 3D-zokunyathelisa.
- UBUSO (Italy) - lo ngokomzwelo kakhulu robot European. 32 Drayivu akwenza imisipha umzimba nobuso kukhona mobile kakhulu.
- Alice ( "Neyrobotiks", Russia) - enengqondo kunazo Android Russian. 8 actuators ilawulwa nge gamepad.
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