Amathempeli aseNizhny Novgorod - ikhadi elivakashela idolobha

I-Nizhny Novgorod yidolobha elidala kakhulu, elinomlando omude futhi ohlukile, onompilo ocebile ongokomoya, onomlando wamasiko ophawulekayo. Kuze kube manje, izakhiwo ziye zagcinwa eNizhny Novgorod, izinsuku zokwakha ezazisenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17; Kodwa-ke, bekungeke kube okucacile ukucacisa ukuthi baxhuma kakhulu esigabeni "sezakhiwo zenkolo". Labo okubhekwa njengabantu abahlali akuzona "abadala" kunekhulu le-17; Noma kunjalo, futhi lokhu kuyigugu elikhulu.

I-Nizhny Novgorod igcwele amathempeli, amasonto namaKhedrini. Abaningi babo basasebenza, kwezinye zikhona izinkumbulo kanye nezinsalela ezingasabonakali zendonga; Endaweni yabo zakhiwe ezintsha (futhi ngokwengxenye, kanti abadala bayaphinda bazalwe kabusha).

Amathempeli aseNizhny Novgorod yindawo yezomlando nezomlando yabantu baseRussia. Abaningi babo basenenani lobuciko. Futhi kunoma yikuphi, bayathandeka kulabo abakhumbula futhi bagcine izimpande zabo. Amathempeli kaNizhny Novgorod (izithombe zibonisa ngokucacile lokhu) zifakazela lokhu kuze kube manje.

Into enkulu kunazo zonke zokwakha

I- Pechersky Ascension Monastery ihlala endala kunayo yonke . Isikhathi salo cishe iminyaka engamakhulu ayisikhombisa (kuze kube yiJubilee, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, kusukela eminyakeni engu-14 kuya kwengu-16, okungenakucatshangelwa naphezu kokuphila kwesikhathi eside sezindela). Ngeshwa, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi le-16 ukuhluka okuqala kwaqothulwa yi-landslide, futhi kwakhiwe kabusha kancane endaweni yokuqala, ngakho manje kubhalwe izazi-mlando kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17. Nokho, ngisho nokucaciswa okunjalo, amasonto ambalwa eNizhny Novgorod angaziqhayisa ngomlando omude kangaka.

Owesibili ezikhathini zasendulo kungacatshangwa ngokuthi i-Annunciation Monastery. Singasho ukuthi uneminyaka efanayo noNizhny Novgorod, okungenani igama lakhe. Indaba yakhe yaqala ngekhulu leshumi nantathu, kodwa umbono lapho i-monasteri yehla kithi iqala ukubala ngasekupheleni kweleshumi nesikhombisa, futhi "izengezo" sezivele zibhekisela ekupheleni kwelesishiyagalolunye.

Utholephi indawo yokugcina yaseMinin

Angaziwa yi-Michael-Archangel Cathedral. Isisekelo salo sibuyele ngo-1227, nakuba singakhulumi ngaphambi kwezikhathi zethu, akazange aphile. Njengamanye amathempeli amaningi aseNizhny Novgorod, ekuhlukeni kokuqala kwakuyizingodo, futhi lezo zakhiwo zishisa kalula futhi zibhujiswa. Ukubonakala kwamanje kwakunikezwa kuphela ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa; Iningi labo lidumile lokuthi kusukela ngo-1962 i-cathedral igcina umlotha wesakhamuzi esinesibindi somuzi waseZuzma Minin.

Yilezi zithempelini zikaNizhny Novgorod ezinika idolobha eliyingqayizivele yesikhathi esidala.

Ukuzinikela kwe-Lower

Leli dolobha lilokhu lishisekela ezikoleni zesonto. Kufanele ukukhulume ukuthi ngaphambi kokunqoba kuka "Okthoba Omkhulu" kwakukhona amasonto amabili, amakhono angama-52 esonto kanye nabaningi bamasonto amane, angabala amasonto omzimba (kwakunezingaphezu kuka-3).

Ngeshwa, ngemuva kwemicimbi yonke "yokulwa" yekhulu lama-20 - ukuguqulwa, impi yombango kanye neyasekhaya, ukuxoshwa kweNyunyana - "bambalwa kakhulu" kwasala. Amathempeli aseNizhny Novgorod agcinwa ekubunjweni kwawo ngaphezu kwengxenye yenombolo yokuqala, kodwa amasonto asemakhaya ahlala kuphela ingxenye yesithathu kuphela.

I-Sormovo nethempeli layo eliyinhloko

Manje u-Sormovo waba yingxenye yeNizhny Novgorod, ingxenye yayo yokwakhiwa. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, kwakungokwemvelo, kodwa kusengumzana, eduze komngcele wedolobha. Ithempeli lika-Alexander Nevsky (i-Nizhny Novgorod manje, umuzi waseSlomovo ngaleso sikhathi) ekuqaleni kwakhiwa ngo-1882.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo lomlando wukuthi le tempile yayingenayo ipharadesi elingunaphakade. Abakhulekeli babehlanganisa abathengisi ababebuthene ngesikhathi sokuhle. Ngakho-ke, ubuqili besonto kwakuyi-periodicity yomsebenzi wayo. Ngakho, ikakhulukazi, isakhiwo asizange sibe nesistimu yokushisa - ebusika ivaliwe.

Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, isonto lincane kakhulu ukuba lingabi nawo wonke umuntu. Eminyakeni eyishumi nesithupha kamuva, ukuqoqwa kweminikelo yaqala, inhloso yalokho kwakhiwa isonto elisha, elikwazi ukwamukela yonke imifanekiso. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imali yayiqoqwe ikakhulukazi nabasebenzi besitshalo se-Sormovo, abanikeze i-penny emiholo yabo yokwakha. Ngesikhathi esithile ithempeli lika-Alexander Nevsky (i-Nizhny Novgorod) laze labizwa ngokuthi uKopeechny - ngakolunye uhlangothi kubonakala sengathi lihlehlisayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi - liqhosha: ngemva kwakho konke, ngisho nalabo abaswele kakhulu "bayaphundulwa".

Indaba ayipheli lapho.

Isikhathi sokuphothula ukwakhiwa ngo-1903. Kusukela ngalesosikhathi isonto laseSormovo (uNizhny Novgorod) labizwa ngokuthi "uMsindisi-Ukuguqulwa" futhi waba yikhishophu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuzange kube yimihlobo engunaphakade yesakhiwo. Lapho kufika amandla aseSoviet, ukubhujiswa kwaqala. Okokuqala, i-belfry yabhujiswa, khona-ke uphahla lwenziwa ngensimbi. Njengamanye amathempeli amaningi aseNizhny Novgorod, nalowo wahlupheka kakhulu. Okokuqala kwakuhlelwe isigodlo semasiko izingane, khona-ke lesi sakhiwo sasihlukaniswa ngamapayipi okwesikhashana futhi sahlela okuthiwa esitolo sokuthenga - indawo yokugcina impahla. Ngakho okwesikhashana iThemmovo ephawuleka kakhulu ethempelini yaphela. U-Nizhny Novgorod wayekhona ngaphandle kwakhe kuze kube ngumnyaka we-90 wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, lapho i-cathedral yangaphambili ibuyiselwa kumakholwa, futhi baqala ukuyibuyisela kancane kancane.

Ukubukeka kwamanje

Namuhla iSonto LaseCrohedral (iSwashny Novgorod, elaziwa ngokuthi iThempeli LaseMsindisi (iSyprus Nevsky), liyisakhiwo esakhiwa yilezi zakhiwo zanamuhla nezomlando, ezenziwa ngendlela entsha yoMbuso WaseByzantine. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukunakwa kudonseleka kumakhombandlela ngamakholomu, ingilazi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namacembe amhlophe. Ukuvela kwesonto langaphambili lika-Alexander Nevsky (naye futhi ukuguqulwa koKhristu loMsindisi) akazange ashiye abathintekayo bamafilimu. Ukubukeka kwakhe ngawo-50 kwakusetshenziselwa ifilimu ethi "Umama" ngokusekelwe emsebenzini kaGorky, ogama lakhe lalinxibe nguNizhny Novgorod iminyaka eyishumi.

Ukuthola okusha: i-Panteleimon

Ukuphila akumi, futhi amasonto aseNizhny Novgorod angafakazela lokhu. Esikhundleni samasonto abhujiswe emlilweni we-revolution, i-Civil and World War II, idolobha lakha amathempeli amasha, lisaba ngumlandeli wobuKristu othembekile. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bayokwenzela ukulahlekelwa uNizhny ahluphekile ngokomoya.

Izakhiwo zezenkolo ezivelele manje sezibhekwa njengezibili. Owokuqala yithempeli lePeteleimon the Healer. U-Nizhny Novgorod uvame ukuqeda igama; Igama eligcwele lizwakala sengathi "isonto egameni lomfel 'ukholo nomsindisi uPelenimon." Ngo-2001, ithempeli lalingcweliswa okwesikhashana, kuze kube yilapho, lapho indawo, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, itshe, lizohlala lihlala njalo. Le ndawo ayikhethiwe ngengozi: iqukethe isithonjana kanye neziqephu zezinhlamvu ze-healer Panteleimon, ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhulu zesonto zikhathazekile ukuthi zonke izindawo zokukhulekela ziphakathi nendawo yedolobha, okuyinto evimbela amasonto angaphandle. Kulindeleke ukuthi ehlobo lika-2014 ithempeli likaMphrofethi we-Panteleimon lizovula iminyango yalo kubakhulekeli. U-Nizhny Novgorod, kunoma yikuphi, uzama lokhu. Kucatshangwa ukuthi cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane bangahlala ngesikhathi esifanayo esakhiweni sesonto elisha.

Esinye isonto elizayo

Idolobha ngeke lime lapho. Elinye ithempeli lihlelwe - "Ububele". U-Nizhny Novgorod uhlele ohlelweni lwaseMolitovka, elisendaweni yaseLeninsky yedolobha. Lokhu akuyona indawo ehlanganiswe amasonto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwaziwa ngokuqondile ukuthi ngaphambi kokuqothulwa kwe-17, endaweni ethile kule ndawo, ensimini yeMolitovka, kwakukhona isonto elibhujiswa yi-revolution noma impi yombango.

Manje inkonzo yomkhuleko ibanjwe lapha futhi incwadi yombhishobhi isethwe. Ithempeli lizozinikezwa kwisithonjana sikaMama kaNkulunkulu, owaziwa ngokuthi "Ubumnene". Ukuqaliswa kuhlotshaniswa nobuningi bezinkinga ezihambisana nenhloso yokwakha indlu engcwele. Izinganekwane zanamuhla zithi kuphela ukucela kuTheotokos kanye nokuphathwa kweMonk Seraphim waseSarov kwasusa umsebenzi obulalayo wethempeli likaNkulunkulu endaweni yalo.

U-Nizhny Novgorod akagcini nje ukugcina ifa lemlando, liqhubeka nokudala umlando. Njengoba kwakunzima kuye esikhathini esidlule, namuhla uhlala ethembekile emasikweni yobuKristu.