Izimoto Russian: izimoto, amaloli, injongo ekhethekile. I-Russian umkhakha imoto

Uma sikhuluma ngezimoto imboni yasekhaya, into yokuqala efika emqondweni - model of the iVolga Automobile Plant. Izimoto liyabonakala kakhulu isikhathi sethu ka AvtoVAZ Lada Kalina. Itholakala kokubili angaphandle futhi emakethe yasekhaya. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi ukulungiswa esinzima kangaka eziqhathanisa kwenza akukho mqondo. Empeleni, ukuphambanisa izinhlamvu imoto has a ukusebenza omuhle kakhulu, uma kuphela ngoba lokho yakhelwe emgwaqeni ezifuywayo, futhi lokho ethi okuningi.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Russian imoto umkhakha, okuyinto kwamaSoviet, baba sibonga elidume izimoto esilandelayo: "Moskvich" futhi "Lada", owaqala ekhulwini XIX. Ngaphambi ukuvela we-Union of Republics izikhathi ezimbalwa umkhakha wasukuma wema ngezinyawo zakhe wawa ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi kuphela 1960 welapha ukuphila ngokugcwele - mass motorization sele zifakiwe. Out of the crisis, elandela ngokushesha ngemva kokuwa zase-USSR, kanye nobunzima, kodwa Russian imoto umkhakha uye waphuma. Futhi manje, omunye abakhiqizi elikhulu, owabonisa emhlabeni imoto Lada Kalina, - kuyinto brainchild of AvtoVAZ. Nakuba eRussia ngokwethukela wathola imoto yakwelinye izwe, njalo imoto yesibili yisibonelo se- production ezifuywayo. Ibonisa ubuzwe uthando sabantu ngenxa ezweni, kanye ngezinga eshibhile vazovskaya izimoto uma ziqhathaniswa abathandekayo angaphandle. umlando Okuningi ingafundwa ngezansi.

Russian embonini yezimoto kuze 1917

Izimoto zokuqala Russian yaqala ukubonakala ngo-1896. Kungaleso sikhathi waqala ukuthuthukisa ezifuywayo auto umkhakha. Imodeli lokuqala kwadingeka amandla omlilo engine wavela lowo nyaka. Phambi kwabantu ke "limelela" Evgeny Yakovlev noPetru Frese.

Ngemva izenzakalo ezinjalo eRussia zikhona izinkampani wokuqala oyimfihlo ukuthi amele Russian imoto umkhakha ngaleso sikhathi. Noma kunjalo, konke kubo ngokushesha kakhulu ukushintsha umsebenzi wabo. Ngo-1912, "untanta" kukhona izinkampani ezisebenza ezimbili kuphela. Sikhuluma Russian-Baltic enqoleni ifektri nesitshalo Puzyreva. Eyokuqala yayisesigodini Riga, kwesibili - Petersburg. RBVZ sathola ithuba ukukhulula Ngokwesibonelo yabo yokuqala ezokuthutha ngo-1909, ngenkathi RAZIPP eyaqala ukusebenza ngo 1911. Ngemva kweminyaka emine, isitshalo yesibili washiswa, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane kanye umsunguli wayo wafa. RBVZ ngenxa ubutha esondela Riga ihlukaniswe amagatsha amaningana: eyodwa itholakala Petersburg (lapha Kwahlelwa umhlangano bezindiza), owesibili - e Tver.

I-Russian imoto umkhakha eyaqala ukuvela ngesilinganiso okusheshayo ngenxa kokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Futhi zonke sibonga yokuthi kuye kwanda kakhulu isidingo imishini eyengeziwe. Uhulumeni wakhipha isimemezelo ku ukusungulwa izitshalo eziyisithupha. Ukuze isakhiwo sabo kwabelwe abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-11. Ruble. Ngokusho izibalo wathola ukukhiqizwa ingqikithi neziphathimandla kwakuyilona Units ayizinkulungwane 10. Ngonyaka. Nokho, lezi zinhlelo yaphela kabuhlungu kakhulu. Ngemva 1917 futhi amandla emali okwalandela, wokugoqa nekambiso yeenthuthi eRussia, ukwakhiwa izitshalo wawungakapheli. Ekugcineni isimo saba elihambayo eyodwa kuphela, okungawo converges ukukhanya imishini esindayo. Ukuze 1917 sakwazi ukuqoqa cishe 500 izimoto ngesikhathi isitshalo eMoscow. Ngemva liqine isimo neziphathimandla baye banquma baqale ukwakha amaphuzu emhlanganweni. Kodwa mabili kuphela ekugcineni agcinwayo entfweni yabo.

Russian ingxenye ye-USSR

izimoto Russian kakhulu siguqulwe ayezidinga lapho iSoviet Union. Ngesikhathi akhululwa iloli F-15 imboni eMoscow ubhekwa iphuzu ekuqaleni ukuthuthukiswa embonini yezimoto. Ngemva kwesikhashana ke iqanjwe kabusha amo. Ngemva kabusha lesi sitshalo waqala ukuveza amaloli kungaphansi kwelayisensi. Ngo Nizhny Novgorod, owayebizwa kangcono eyaziwa ngokuthi Gorky, khona-ke wakha Naz. Lesi simila, usebenzisa isinqumo Ford wenkampani American, baqala ukunyathelisa amaloli nezimoto ezithwala. Ngu inkampani wayesengaba isithunzi kazwelonke we-Soviet Union, futhi wadedelwa imoto "Lada" - iwuphawu State efanayo. Kanye ezincane Uphawu lezimoto Russian imoto umkhakha wakhululwa ngo-Europe kwasekuqaleni, wathatha indawo yesibili kuyi isigaba iloli emhlabeni. Ngaphambi kokuqala isimo ukungqubuzana eSoviet Union ngo kohlaka neMpi Yezwe II ezingaphezu kuka-1 million. Amakhophi zavezwa.

Kuze ukuthuthukiswa 70s imoto umkhakha waqhubeka ijubane olunzulu. Kulokhu, iningi izimoto isiRashiya lenqwaba amaloli - ukuthi umkhiqizo wabo waba ayethanda.

Labantu waqala ukuthola izimoto siqu ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba Italy linqume ukwakha eminye ensimini ka-Union of the umkhonyovu. Lesi sitshalo eqhutshwa ijubane angabacwasi ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni okukhiqizwayo ngonyaka izinkulungwane 660. Amakhophi, bese, eduze ngonyaka 80 th, lesi sibalo wasukuma ukuze ayizinkulungwane 730. Futhi-ke, imoto "Zhiguli" kwaba kwisabelo Inkomba wengonyama. Kanye senziwa futhi "Ensimini". Lesi sitshalo esifanayo waba owokuqala phezu endaweni ye-USSR wakhipha hatchback elihambayo.

Ngo-1969, ukwakhiwa KAMAZ, it is igcwaliswe 1976 It uqalwe kwaba wavumela ukuhumusha izimoto eziningi baseSoviet ukuthi abenze noma amandla udizili izindlela. Ngaphansi kohlelo, ifektri ekhiqizwa ayizinkulungwane. 150 Amaloli futhi izinkulungwane 250. Amayunithi ngonyaka.

Ngibonga usizo ezinhle ezivela kuhulumeni kanye imizamo ahlangene zonke izitshalo, ngo-1980 iSoviet Union emhlabeni:

• Indawo yokuqala ukwenziwa amabhasi.
• indawo Okwesithathu ukwenziwa amaloli.
• endaweni yesihlanu ukukhiqizwa jikelele. Lapha izimoto Russian wakhala Japanese, American, isiJalimane kanye nozakwabo French.

Futhi ngisho noma kunezinkinga, Russian imoto umkhakha baqhubeka ukujabulisa umthengi yasekhaya ngokuphelele sha entsha imoto. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukukhiqizwa isidlulile sikhule ngobukhulu, kusweleke izingxenye ezisele. Ubuholi be-USSR kancane kancane ishabalale. Kodwa yiso kanye kule nkathi izwe wabona ezinjalo "engunaphakade 'imodeli njengoba imoto" Moskvich "," Sputnik "," Oka "," Tavria "futhi abanye amaloli.

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, isiphetho imoto Russian umkhakha, Ukraine futhi Belarusian waya imigwaqo yethu.

Modern umkhakha auto-Russian

Inkinga ngaphandle kwalowo owehla ngemva izinguquko ka 1992, wacishe wayeka ukusebenza kwalo lonke Russian imoto umkhakha. Were encishisiwe ukukhiqiza amazinga, inani izimoto ababebuthene. Ngisho nalabo amakhophi ezishibhile ngezindleko, okwesikhashana nemisebenzi yabo. Lokhu kungenxa abe nezinkinga ezimbi ezomnotho kanye zezimali. Singasho ukuthi ukuhlaselwa okunjalo okuqhubekayo isimo automakers kuphela onamandla ngempela Russian - osekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziswa. Sikhuluma mayelana umkhonyovu, igesi kanye isitshalo Likhachev. Bakhipha imoto edume ngempela - ". Bychkov" "Lada", "iVolga", Kuyinto ngokusebenzisa lezi uchungechunge crisis yathinteka ngempumelelo. Nakuba ukwehla of the ruble ngo-1998, kakhulu ehlaselwa abakhiqizi.

Kakade ngawo-2002, izwe ngawo ugcwaliseka inhlangano egcwele onobuhle angaphandle. Ngalesi sikhathi esimweni wavula angaphezu kweshumi nambili eziphethwe angaphandle. Phakathi izimoto iphesenti kwaba 40%. ukuhlelela intuthuko 1 million. izingcezu Foreign ngonyaka lagcwaliseka ngo-2010.

Manje WaseRussia uhlu phezulu abakhiqizi 15 emhlabeni. Ensimini ka isimo ivuliwe ngoba izitshalo yezimoto ezingaphezu kuka-50.

The best imoto yasekhaya

Uma sicabangela imoto engcono ngempela ekhiqizwa eSoviet Union, kubalulekile ukuba ayeke bagxila yokuthi isevisi wathola Inkomba "M-20". Yiqiniso, kuyinto "ukunqoba." Wawenziwe ngesikhathi Gorky isitshalo kusukela ngo-1946 kuya ku-1958. umumo wawo kungathi izinkulungwame 240. amakhophi badedelwa ngaphambi kokumisa ukukhiqizwa.

Imoto kwadingeka simise omkhulu, futhi eladonsa abathengi. Kufanele kuqashelwe a permeability okusezingeni eliphezulu, ukuzinza ezinhle. I speed esiphezulu lisetudlwana kuka uphawu 100 km / h. Kuyinto imoto enjalo kwakudingeka abasindile yaseSoviet yokuthuthela impi. I ethile eyinhloko imishini, abaningi walibiza injini. Ngempela, imodeli "M-20 'ubelokhu okunokwethenjelwa kakhulu, kodwa ezingaqinisekile kuleli uhlelo umsebenzi amandla iyunithi. Nakuba ayevelele ngu ukuphila isikhathi eside, kodwa uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, ngineminyaka engu kunalokho ebuthakathaka lolu hlobo umshini.

Eqolo izimoto Russian e kwamaSoviet

Kufanele kuqashelwe ZIS-110, okuyinto utfolakala kuluhlobo izimoto esiphezulu. ukukhiqizwa yayo uqalwe ekupheleni konyaka we Second neMpi Yezwe. Futhi ngo-1958 lapho lashintshwa elinye iqembu imoto yochungechunge efanayo. Lapho lesi sitshalo yethiwa Likhachev, igama layo ishintshile kancane - Zil-110. Ubude isikhathi ukukhiqizwa ukhiphe kancane kuka 2 ayizinkulungwane. Amakhophi wonke amabandla.

umthengi Soviet njalo waphawula ubuhle of imoto, kanye ubuhle emzimbeni. Egibele injini amasilinda futhi 8 yasebenza 4 nowe. umthamo Its 180 amahhashi.

Le moto kungenziwa abeke kuhambisana "ukunqoba." Umehluko phakathi kwabo kuphela ukuthi "M-20" lifaneleka ngaphezulu ongaswele labantu ngenxa yomgomo intengo futhi kuchazwe - ephakeme.

imoto ephephe kakhulu Russian

Entsha "UAZ Patriot" (noma UAZ-3163) ngokuqiniseka isesikhundleni aholayo phakathi izimoto enokwethenjelwa kakhulu Russian. SUV has zonke kunesidingo ongakhetha, izici nezici kudingeka for a ride emigwaqeni Russian. Imoto has iminyango emihlanu, kanye lizinga lelitfutfukile spaciousness egumbini imithwalo kanye umgibeli. "Patriot" uphelele ukushayela ezindaweni zasemakhaya, lapho osuzengezile izinzuzo ke eyengeziwe uma iqhathaniswa nezinye SUV zokukhiqiza yasekhaya. Uchungechunge ikhiqizwa kusukela 2005 Ulyanovsk isitshalo. Ngaphezu kakhulu izici lobuchwepheshe, it has a ukubukeka olubabazeka kakhulu futhi ukhange abantu sina, njengoba senziwe Minimalism.

Esinokwethenjelwa imoto Russian

Imuphi umhlali Russia ukugubha kulesi sigaba zokukhiqiza imoto vazovskaya. Yiqiniso, sikhuluma imoto "Lada", okuyinto owaziwa ngaphansi kwegama "penny". Akumangalisi, ngoba emva kwesikhathi eside kangaka kusukela ukukhululwa walo, namanje uhamba emigwaqeni Russian. Njalo imoto yesithathu eRussia - ukuthi "Zhiguli". Kuyinto ukuzicabangela.

Imoto enhle kakhulu

"We-seagull" kuyinto ngamaphesenti ayikhulu ngokuwina kulesi sigaba phakathi kwawo wonke izimoto yasekhaya. Wawenziwe ngesikhathi Gorky isitshalo. Wehla emlandweni njengoba umshini owodwa ukuthi izikhulu wayevame. Basuke bakhangwa ukubukeka enhle yobuhle.

Kuhle Russian imoto

"Lada Priora", ngokubona abashayeli abaningi, okungcono. Ikakhulukazi kubalulekile ukuba ngilidlulisele abathengi yesimanje abangafuni ukuxosha entsha kakhulu futhi walithela izimo. Le modeli has a eliphethe amandla, indawo enhle kakhulu ukumiswa kanye air conditioning.

imoto ukonga

Njengoba i imoto umnotho "Oka" kungenziwa kuphawulwe. Imikhiqizo Vaz ibilokhu izindleko eziphansi, kodwa lokhu imodeli bekulokhu ezishibhile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it has izici ezihlaba umxhwele njengoba sesifunda.

"KamAZ": dumper

Akumangalisi ukuthi "KAMAZ" - omunye abakhiqizi umhlabeleli eRussia, uma sikhuluma amaloli. Zisetshenziswa cishe yonke imikhakha: ezolimo, kamasipala, sakhiwo. Ngo-2010, ochungechungeni kabusha ifakwe gumbi entsha, okuyinto kwahluka lula kakhudlwana. "KamAZ" uchungechunge (yokulahla) umxhwele. imodeli ngamunye has idiosyncrasies lalo. Intengo eseduze eyodwa yalezi zimoto esisitholayo ayizinkulungwane 170. Ruble. Izimoto kahle babuka ngendlela esezingeni, kodwa hhayi ingabe sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo ngemoto emgwaqweni.

Zil umlilo

Fire amaloli nakanjani njalo kudingeka. Bafanele babe Ukucaciswa okukhulu. Lena ngenye yama-izinhlobo izimoto lapho idatha yangaphandle akubalulekile ngokuphelele. Kwaphela isikhathi eside izimoto zavezwa ngoba eU.SSR iziteshi umlilo Likhachev isitshalo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baye ngcono zonke izici. Zil mlilo Ngokwesibonelo kangcono i-USSR.