I-Athene lasendulo - umkhuba wesiko lamaGreki

Omunye wemizi yasendulo enhle kakhulu nekhazimulayo enomnotho onamandla, ukufinyelela olwandle, amathempeli amahle - iAtene lasendulo, ebizwa ngokuthi unkulunkulukazi ohlonishwa kakhulu eGreece, e-Athene. Ku-Olympus yesiGreki, wayaziwa ngokuthi umphathi wezempi, isayensi, ubuciko, futhi wayenokuhlakanipha okungavamile. Umuzi, obizwa ngokuthi udumo lobuNkulunkulu, akufanele ukhiqize ngobukhulu namandla kumuntu owenza umsebenzi wakhe.

Isikhathi

Inhloko-dolobha yaseGrisi Yamandulo yakhula endaweni yesigodi esiphezulu - i-Acropolis. Ngokomlando, ngo-1825 BC. E. Inkosi yokuqala yase-Attica, uCecrop, yakha inqaba eqenjini lase-Acropolis, selibeke leli dolobha kule ndawo. Kwakungekho ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela kwawonkulunkulu okwakhiwa lo msebenzi. U-Athena waphikisana nombusi wamachibi nolwandle olwandle iPoseidon, odunyiswa yilowo muzi, futhi ngubani ozobe eseba ngumphathi wakhe kamuva. Abahluleli babeyizinkulunkulu eziphakeme kakhulu ze-Olympus, eholwa uZeus. Onkulunkulu abanokuncintisana banikezwa lo msebenzi: "Ngubani ozoletha isipho esiwusizo kwabakhileyo edolobheni, uzoba ngumphathandi wakhe." UPoseidon wanikeza ama-Athenes ase-Ancient Athene ngokukhanya kwelanga, eshaya i-trident yakhe edwaleni, no-Athena, ephonsa umkhonto edwaleni, aletha amaGreki umuthi womnqumo. Onkulunkulu base-Olympus bakhothamela isipho sikaPoseidon, kodwa onkulunkulukazi noCecrops basekela ukuxhaswa kwempi. Le mpikiswano yathola i-Athena hhayi ngeze, ngenxa yokuthi ngaphansi kwe-patronage yayo, i-Athene yathola ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwezomnotho, kwezombusazwe kanye namasiko. Futhi ngokuhlonipha iPoseidon elahlekile, amaGreki asheshe akha ithempeli. Idolobha lakhula ngokuphawulekayo ngenxa yokuthuthela ezindaweni eziphephile zabantu, okwadingeka ukuba ihambe ngenxa yokuhlasela okuqhubekayo kwezizwe ezingahlali phansi.

Isikhathi sase-Athene

Ukuthuthukiswa okuphezulu komuzi kufinyelelwe ngesikhathi sokubusa kwePisistratus. Le nkosi enonya, kodwa ehlakaniphile yayikholelwa ukuthi kwakungabantu abavilaphayo abasongela amandla akhe futhi bavusa abantu ukuba bavukele. Kuye kuye kwakhiwa isiteleka esikhulu semakethe ye-Agora, lapho abathengi bevela emhlabeni wonke beza khona. Kwakulula kakhulu ukuhweba amaGreki, njengoba nabo, njengabahlali besifundazwe esiqhingini, babekwazi ukungena olwandle. I-Greece yakudala ayikwazanga ukuhlukaniswa nokulima izilwane. I-Athene yayingenjalo, isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kwakuwumhlaba oqoshiwe womhlaba, okungazange kukhule khona lutho. Kodwa ngokuhweba amaGreki azuza ngokugcwele. U-Tsar Pisistrat wayengumakhi odumile: amathempeli ka-Apollo noZeyus we-Olympus akhayo ngesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe. Ithempeli lika-Apollo, wagcwalisa, kodwa indawo yokuhlala kaZeus yakhiwa ngu-Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Kodwa kwakungesona isiphetho ukwakha ithempeli esikhathini esifushane. Umnqobi wamaRoma uSulla wabhubhisa, futhi uMbusi u-Adrian kuphela wagcwalisa ukwakhiwa.

Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi kwakunguPisistratus owabeka isisekelo yethempeli elidumile-i-Parthenon. Indaba yakhe imangalisayo kakhulu. Akuzange kube isikhathi eside, kwabhujiswa amaPheresiya, futhi kuphela umbusi uPericles wakwazi ukuyikha kabusha. Ukusebenza ethempelini elihle nelicebile lamenywa kumdwebi odumile uPhidias, umbhali weyodwa yeZizwe Eziyisikhombisa Zomhlaba - isifanekiso se-Olympian Zeus . Isithombe sakhe sase-Athena sasinhle kakhulu kangangokuthi ababusi abazange baqine ezinye izakhiwo kwi-Acropolis.

Uma sikholelwa lokho okutholakala kwabavubukuli abahlola amazinyo ezinsalela zabantu baleso sikhathi, ama-Athene aseMandulo awela esiqhingweni sezinhlupho noma, njengoba esasabizwa, umkhuhlane we-typhoid owahlasela lapho ngo-430-423. Ngenxa yalesi sifo esingelapheki ingxenye yesithathu yabantu abashonile, idolobha elidumile lase-Ancient Athens lawa.