IbhizinisiUmkhakha

Amathuluzi Ukulinganisa: Beka umkhawulo ubude izinyathelo indiza ayefana

Base umugqa nesilinganiso kunoma iyiphi emkhakheni wezimboni - indiza ayefana ekupheleni ekulinganiseni ubude (KMD). Zisetshenziswa ukugcina ubude kanye nokudlala yayo iyunithi. Futhi ukuhlola amadivaysi ukulinganiselwa Samandla yabo futhi zeroing kumadivayisi, ubukhulu yokudlulisela ukuze amasethingi adingekayo futhi ngikhonze njengomshumayeli wesikhathi yemvelo gauge osayizi izingxenye ezihlukahlukene. Iqoqo indiza ayefana ekupheleni ekulinganiseni ubude ivumela umsebenzi wokubeka uphawu owenziwayo ngobuciko obukhulu futhi ukulungiswa umshini. Umsebenzi oyinhloko CMD ubhekwa silondoloze ubunye isinyathelo kulezo zimboni.

imiqondo eyisisekelo

Izinsimbi zomculo ezazisetshenziswa njengoba nesilinganiso amabhizinisi zezimboni, izinhlangano noma ukulungisa amasevisi kumele ngezikhathi (ehlelekile) ihlolwe ngokunemba. Ngokwemvelo, akunakwenzeka ukuletha ukuqinisekisa yokulinganisa zomculo ne izimboni ezahlukene izikhungo lapho ubukhulu inkomba abekwa.

Le nqubo ingahambi ngaphandle ibhizinisi, uvumele ekupheleni ekulinganiseni ubude (indiza ayefana). Bayisibonelo imodeli noma izinyathelo esezingeni obuphelele. Ngaphandle, idivayisi ifana parallelepiped noma isilinda nosayizi olunezinombolo ibekwe phakathi izindiza nesilinganiso.

Injongo eyinhloko yawo amathayili Johanson - iyunithi ubude ukugcinwa yokudlulisa. Umkhawulo Plane isetshenziselwa ukukala ubude Samandla, yokuqinisekisa kanye / noma sizing kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene wokulinganisa (gauge micrometer sine ibha inkomba nokunye.), Kanye apharathasi control ukukhiqizwa futhi izifanekiso.

Thanda eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule

Ukuphela ekulinganiseni ubude aqalwa oluqanjwe inkampani Swiss "Johanson". Ezenziwe ngensimbi ngesimo parallelepipeds elingunxande, ayebonakala ngesikhathi Paris Umhlaba uMbukiso 1900. Ngenxa inkampani yokukhiqiza ngokuthi "tile Johanson" eside ephelezelwa esilinganisweni ekupheleni obuphelele (indiza ayefana). umane "tile" Ngemva kwesikhashana, ziye zaba.

ESoviet Union KMD kuqala ezikhishwe Sestroretsk futhi Tula zokuwuhluza. Esikhathini uchungechunge bona ezaqaliswa ngesikhathi "toolmaker Red" e Kirov futhi eMoscow "Calibre" ekuqaleni le 30s.

Namuhla, nge obhekwe yokuxhumana laser interferometers, kagesi sokulinganisa zomculo, eside ubude, imishini ukuthi ulinganise Ukudidiyela amaphuzu, altimeters namanye amadivayisi ngendima nesilinganiso ethuthukisiwe, injongo kanye nokusetshenziswa CMD iye yashintshwa abalulekile. Noma kunjalo, ngokuyinhloko, izinga eyisisekelo - usayizi impahla yenethiwekhi - namanje Irreplaceable. Lokhu kwenzeke yize inani elikhulu izindlela ezithuthukile optical kanye electronic izilinganiso olunembile.

Plane esibulalayo alinganise obuphelele (Johanson tile) ekhiqizwa nge Ubukhulu ukuthi phakathi nesilinganiso izindiza bavela 0.5 kuya kwezingu-1000 mm. Uma kudingeka, thola inani okungahleliwe engamboziwe esilinganisweni ubude tile afanayo ethi awafike ekupheleni ekulinganiseni ubude komunye nomunye isidingo sokwenza usayizi ekhulelwa. Ethi awafike kumele ivele ngaphambi kwale adhesion tile (ie, abazi liphuke).

Kusukela kwalokho okukhiqizwa

Namuhla esibulalayo alinganise obuphelele (ipuleti parallel) elicibilikile ingxubevange steel. Futhi, zenziwa zobumba futhi Alloys kanzima.

steel CMD

Izinyathelo ubude ezenziwe ngensimbi, isibonelo i-chromium, is lapped kahle yokulinganisa ngomuthi Racks kuncike nezinye izinyathelo. Ziyakwazi kuhle, eliqinile umsebenzi evele, echaza impilo inkonzo owengeziwe.

Steel isilinganiso ngempela iqeda bese eyayenziwe abaneminyaka, okwenza ukuthi singakwazi ukugcina usayizi eqondile durables. Nobulukhuni ebusweni ukusebenza Amabha steel Johanson - njalo okungenani 800 HV.

I yokuntula azwela kakhulu ukugqoka ezishelelayo ukusebenza, imihuzuko futhi kungenzeka ukugqwala. Ngaphambi ukusebenza PKMD nabo ususe igrisi avikelayo, futhi ngemva befeza umsebenzi futhi sisetshenziswa. ekulinganiseni ubude (ekugcineni indiza ayefana), GOST embozwe kuphela ezenziwe ngensimbi, singangena okushisa, kuhlanganise ukushisa yezandla ka-opharetha.

Of KMD enkazimulweni hardmetals

Amathayili fusible tungsten Carbide steel namandla ngokuphindwe kayishumi. Ngaphezu ukuthi babe abradability ephelele. Nobulukhuni ebusweni ukusebenza lwaqinisa Carbide izinyathelo cishe kabili (1400 HV) Ukuqina we ebusweni ngesikhathi amathayili steel. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela eyodwa - kwesisindo somzimba. Ngakho-ke, kusukela Carbide bagcina kungenzeki ukuqoqa amabhlogo ukusebenza Ubukhulu esikhulu.

Plane esibulalayo alinganise obuphelele (Johanson tile) eyenziwe zirconia zobumba kukhona ukumelana kakhulu ukuzinwaya bafake ebusweni zokusebenza. Bobumba, njengoba yaziwa, akunakudluliswa ezonakalisayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kwi ipuleti zirconia zobumba has izandla azinalo ithonya nomswakama yomjaho (njengoba kuqhathaniswa Carbide steel). Ngo izinyathelo ubude impahla ngumyalo omkhulu kunayo yonke ukuzinza kanye isevisi eside ekuphileni, okuyinto wenza sikwazi ukwandisa isikhathi phakathi ukuqinisekiswa.

CMD of zobumba akuyona uzibuthe, akudingi ekhethekile ukuvikelwa anti-ukugqwala futhi akusho ukuheha uthuli. Zingamashumi ozinzile futhi bayakwazi ukulondoloza usayizi isikhathi eside.

Uhlaziyo wabonisa ukuthi steel nezinyathelo Ceramic abasondelene value Coefficient ezishisayo ukunwetshwa komugqa. Le nkomba ivumela KMD ukubeka amabhlogo we tile Ceramic nensimbi, okwenza isenzo lezi zinhlobo zezindwangu kukhona nezilandiso ngokugcwele.

ingilazi CMD

Yenza ekupheleni ekulinganiseni ubude futhi ezenziwe ngengilazi. Zisetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa yokulinganisa flatness futhi abradability. Kanye ekubhekeni flatness eqondile ukusebenza evele, isibonelo, luhamba amatafula. Ikhishwe ingilazi KMD ububanzi 50 kuya ku-75 mm, flatness engaphansi kuka 0,125 mm 15-20 mm obukhulu.

Kusebenza kanjani lokhu

Transmission nokulondoloza ubukhulu ngqo ngokusebenzisa indiza ayefana ekupheleni obuphelele kuthatha kanje.

I-apharathasi ekhethekile sokulinganisa Ubukhulu hlola sihamba ukudedelwa ekupheleni lokuqala izinyathelo okuyisibonelo.

Izinyathelo ukuphela ubude (ipuleti parallel) kokuba isitifiketi amathayili ukunemba eliphakeme, zigcinwa kuphela kumagumbi laboratory Gosstandard. Ngo izitshalo zezimboni, kuye ngokuthi nezidingo namazinga ukunemba umkhiqizo, isicelo tile lesibili izindawo yesihlanu. Dlulisa usayizi ngqo - ngezikhathi qhathanisa ngowokuqala tile ukuxoshwa kanye amathayili ukudedelwa yesibili. Khona-ke wokugcina - kusukela amathayili ezingeni lesithathu futhi eminye eduze wesifunda. Ngakho, ngo-izitshalo zezimboni ihlolwe wonke amadivayisi wokulinganisa, uthome yokuqedela eqondile kanye anolaka. Imiphumela yalezi ukuqinisekiswa kuyongenwa kuwo passport of instrument ngayinye.

ethi awafike KMD

Ethi awafike mayelana ukuqeda ekulinganiseni ubude ubhekwa umphumela coalescence tile ezimbili. Plane esibulalayo alinganise obuphelele iphucuziwe ukuze izinsalela emoyeni ziyasuswa ngokuhlanganisa kubo, futhi babona kuphela kuthinta umfutho womoya. Ebusweni esishubile asele amaconsi ketshezi ukuze siwasebenzise igrisi kanye nokuxhumana phakathi molecule nezinto lapho Tile, kwandisa amandla compressive.

Uma indiza-parallel ekupheleni ekulinganiseni ubude iphucuziwe, bazoba kahle ulungise wedwa. Leli khono amathayili ekulinganiseni ubude kubhekwa imfuneko. Ukuze ukulahleka kwale isilinganiso mfanelo ukugqoka ebusweni.

izesekeli adingekayo

Ukuze ukuqoqa tile amabhlogo KMD babuye bahlanganise kubo ukuze kuqinisekiswe lula ukusetshenziswa usebenzisa iqoqo izesekeli indiza ayefana ekupheleni ekulinganiseni ubude. Isetshenziselwa ngokwanele kakhulu. Izesekeli, ezifana isidingo kokuhlola noma ukubeka ubukhulu kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene wokulinganisa. Kungenzeka micrometer kanye inkomba callipers, Izikali, njll

Le kit kuhlanganisa laterals kudingekile lobehlukene, okwenza kube kungenzeka ukuba afeze kokubili Ubukhulu bangaphakathi nabangaphandle. Lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulukazi okukhiphayo ngobuciko eliphezulu uchungechunge elincane. Kulokhu, izesekeli kufanele usethe usayizi esiphezulu imikhiqizo ekhona kanye ubuncane. Okusho ukuthi kusetshenziswa njengendlela gauge kabili emaceleni nohlangothi edlulayo futhi esingaweleki.

Ukuze nekukumakwa imisebenzi usebenzisa isethi ezingeziwe umaka, lapho inamathelisiwe umnikazi for izibalo ezinembile kakhulu.

Futhi, isethi kuhlanganisa: nesembozo, laterals indiza-kuqondane and banana, umugqa ezintathu zonke ezisika nhlangothi zombili, emaceleni umbhali emaphakathi, isizinda, ama-crackers, iphenya. kudingeka kwakamuva ukuze kutholakale igebe phakathi evele lapped. Okokuphenya - kodwa amapuleti steel, ubukhulu ubuncane - 0.02 mm, esiphezulu - 1.0 mm. Ukushiyana kwezidalwa kubo ngokusebenzisa 0.01 mm 0.05 mm.

Ukuze usebenzise i-probe ukucacisa ubukhulu igebe, udinga ngiyibeke phakathi evele. Lolu phenyo kufanele kusishukumisele ngomzamo omncane futhi abalokothi akusho ukubisha hhayi ukuhambisa ngokukhululekile. On isamba ukushuba uphenyo, kufakwe igebe ngokuphelele, futhi kuchazwe ezidlula yayo.

Samandla bese Ukuqinisekiswa kwe KMD

Plane esibulalayo alinganise obuphelele kubaluleke kakhulu kule phezulu usayizi ukudluliswa uchungechunge ubude isampula (imitha): zingabantu yenethiwekhi esitebeleni impahla usayizi njalo.

Kudluliswa imitha inkomba kabani base ubude wave yokukhanya, phezu izinyathelo inkomba ukuphela ubude sidlula ukuphazamiseka izilinganiso ezijulile. Ngakho, ngokwezinga elithile esezingeni obuphelele, okuqondene ekilasini C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvumelana wesifunda Samandla, it is sidluliselwe nezinye izinyathelo.

Ngokuhambisana injongo eyinhloko KMD (ekuqinisekiseni nesilinganiso futhi ukudluliswa kwe-standard Ubude Ubukhulu) eyenzelwe Samandla isikimu. Izinjongo ezifana ukukhiqiza ekulinganiseni ubude obuhlukahlukene ukunemba ezingeni futhi amakilasi. Isilawuli Samandla wezinyathelo ubude (esibulalayo, indiza ayefana) kwelula amadivayisi ezikhethekile.

Ngowokuqala ngqa kubo ngokukhethekile owasungula le micrometer. Wayelethwa zihlukaniswa ngokunemba high. Njengoba iminyaka idlula, ngcono amadivaysi. Namuhla, basinikeza imiphumela ukucacisa eliphakeme futhi ayisekho a rarity. laboratories abaningi babe ukuhlolwa amathuluzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, KMD kalula uqinisekise ekhuphukayo exhasa futhi Photoelectric comparators ukuthi uku-domain yomphakathi. Futhi izindlela yokufeza izilinganiso kulezi kumadivayisi isikhathi eside esebenza. Buhle le ndlela kuyinto lula izinyathelo Samandla wesifunda ubude. Kancane kunemaphutsa kubhekwe amadivayisi eziphezulu kanye izimfuno eliphezulu kwamakhono ochwepheshe abasebenza nabo. Futhi iphutha. Kuyinto encane ukuze kwamanye amadivayisi izilinganiso isikhwama esingumsuka kanzima ngokwanele.

Izindlela eziyinhloko iqinisekiswa

Izindlela yokuqinisekisa, kukhona ezine:

- ongaqondile nesilinganiso isethi value.

- izilinganiso ngqo ayibalulekile.

- Ukuqhathanisa ukubandakanywa le comparator.

- Ukuqhathanisa ngqo standard.

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