Shakespeare Comedy: Uhlu lwamahle kakhulu

Emsebenzini we-playwright omkhulu kunawo wonke we-Renaissance, W. Shakespeare, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izikhathi ezintathu. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko kubangelwa ubuhlobo kanye nobuqambi bokusebenza kwemisebenzi ebhalwe eminyakeni ehlukene.

Isikhathi sokuqala - 1590-1601 - ngokumelene nesizinda sabanye sibukeka, mhlawumbe, esiphezulu kakhulu. Lesi yisikhathi lapho ama-comedies amahle kakhulu e- Shakespeare adalwa khona. Uhlu lwabo luhlanganisa imidlalo eyishumi, ehlekisayo, enezithombe ezikhanyayo, ezingakhohlwa.

Izici zama-comedies ezinyaka ezingu-1590-1601

Uthando olunamandla okunqoba noma yikuphi ukuzondla okuzungezile ... Abasha, abanamandla, amaqhawe anamandla, phakathi kwabo indawo ekhethekile ehlala kulabo abahluphayo, bezama ukuzimela futhi balungele ukuncintisana namadoda kukho konke ... Indawo engavamile, evamile yothando, egcwele ukukhanya kwelanga noma inyanga ... Nansi into esemqoka ehlanganisa ama-comedies okuqala e-Shakespeare.

Isakhiwo esithakazelisayo, esisekelwe encwadini evela e-Antiquity noma eNkathini Ephakathi, ihlale ibonisa izinto zangempela futhi ngokuvamile isekelwe kumgomo owodwa. Abalingiswa abakhulu - umbhangqwana osemusha othandweni - baqala ukulwa nelungelo lokushada. Futhi kaningi, hhayi kuphela abazali kanye nezimo ababa yisithiyo, kodwa futhi ukungabi nokholo, izici zobuntu, izinkolelo ezigcina ukushintsha. Ngakho-ke, umqondo oyinhloko wokuthi amahlaya kaShakespeare athwala: indoda, noma yiyiphi, kumele ibe ngumdali wayo.

Kufanele sibheke iphuzu elilodwa ngaphezulu. Naphezu kokubonakala okulula nokudlala, umdlali wezemidlalo uthinta izinkinga ezibalulekile emidlalweni, eveze ubuwula bomuntu nokungahambi kahle.

"Ukulingana Kweziphambeko"

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, umgcini wezemidlalo wayevame ukuboleka izindaba zemidlalo yakuqala evela kwabaningi ngaphambili. Kodwa ngemuva kokwenziwa kobuciko esikhundleni samaski ezamukelwa emdlalweni ophakathi, kubonakala ubuso obuso, futhi laba bebeyiziqephu zeShakespeare kakade. Uhla lwazo luvuleka nge "Ukuhlaziywa Kweziphambeko" - namanje kungakhuli, ivolumu encane, ukugxilisa ingqondo ngaphezulu ngaphandle kwezehlakalo futhi kugxile emasikweni e-classicism. Kodwa kakade kubonisa izinhlamvu ezithakazelisayo ngempela ezinemizwa yazo enamandla yabantu. Futhi nakuba ngokuvamile lokhu kudlalwa kubizwa ngokuthi yi-farce, kucacile ukuthi kudlulele kufomu nokuqukethwe imisebenzi edalwe ngaphambili yalolu hlobo.

I-Shakespeare Comedy "Ukuklanywa Kwesikhongo"

Idalwe ngemuva kwesikhathi (mhlawumbe ngo-1593), iphindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiwe yi-playwright. Kwakukhona futhi inguqulo engaziwa yodlalwa ngesihloko esifanayo nendaba, ukubhala okushiwo yiShakespeare.

Ukuziphatha kwamaqhawe we-comedy bekulokhu kuqondwa ngendlela engavamile. Lona indaba yabodadewabo, enye yazo yiKatarina ehlubukayo futhi evukelayo, kanti enye yiBianca othobekile futhi othobekile. Esikhathini salo mkhuba sisebenzela izinsizwa ezimbili, kodwa ubaba wentombazane uthi uzomnika indodakazi encane ukuba ishade kuphela emva kukaKatarina. Ngenxa yalokho, amakoti ahlangene ekufuneni umyeni wakhe. Ngakho kukhona u-Petruccio osemncane, ohlakaniphile, ohlakaniphile, owayekwazi ukubona ngaphesheya kokungatholakali kwangaphandle kukadadewabo omdala wakhe umlingisi weqiniso. Ngenxa yomqondo, ukubekezela, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuqina ebuhlotsheni, wakwazi ukunqoba inhliziyo yobuhle obunzima futhi athole injabulo yangempela.

Isiphetho somdlalo weShakespeare, isifinyeto esinikezwayo, sabonakala singenakulinganiswa. U-Bianca omnene waba mnandi futhi waphikisana, futhi kamuva nje uKatarina ohamba phambili waba umfazi olalelayo futhi oshadile. Ukubukeka okusha empilweni yentombazane enezintambo kubonakala ekugcineni kwakhe kokugcina, lapho ebiza khona abesifazane besifazane ukushayela ukulalela.

Ngakho-ke, lo mdlali wezemidlalo wayegcizelela ukuphakama komuntu emphakathini ngenxa yocansi olubuthakathaka, kodwa, njengoba ebonise uhlobo olucebile lweKatarina, wamemezela ukulingana kokubili emphakathini.

"Umhwebi waseVenetian"

Ngo-1596 kunomunye umsebenzi odumile owawubhalwe nguWilliam Shakespeare. Amahlaya, njengombuso, akhelwa indaba ejabulisayo. Kodwa-ke, indaba isekelwe endabeni yokuthi uBassanio ompofu, onqume ukushada nowesifazane omuhle emndenini ocebile, uphendukela kumngane wemthengi ukuthi ambole imali. Ukhombisa isibhayisomali, ngokusho ukuthi yi-usurer Shylock uma kwenzeka ukubambezeleka kunelungelo lokusika isisindo senyama kuye. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi abalobi abaningi bavame ukubiza ngokuthi "umdayisi waseVenetian" kulo mdlalo. Kodwa lolu hlobo lwalunqunywa ngumlobi ngokwakhe, futhi ku-Bassanio yokugcina, ukuze alondoloze umngane-umthengisi owaphukile umkhumbi, uya enkantolo futhi enquma ukukhokha inhlawulo. U-Shylock, oye wahlushwa ngenxa yalokho, usemangalelwa ngomzamo wokuphila kuka-Antonio, kanti ingxenye yengcebo yakhe iya kumthengisi. Ngakho-ke ekuhlaliseni kweShakespeare, umbuzo uvela ngesidingo sokugcina leli gama, noma ngabe liye lahlelwa ekukhulekeni noma lithemba ngomphumela ophumelelayo wecala.

"Okweshumi nambili ebusuku"

Lokhu sekuvele ukudlala kwe-playwright, ebhalwe cishe ngo-1600. Abalingiswa abakhulu - amawele uViola noSebastian - ngenxa yokuphahlazeka komkhumbi baphonsana bese bezitholela ezweni lase-Illyria. UViola ugqoka izingubo zomuntu futhi ufika esigodlweni sikaDuke wase-Orsino. Unikeza imiyalelo "ekhasini elincane" - ukuqinisekisa u-Olivia, lapho ayethandana naye, ukushada naye. Kodwa lo mfelokazi osemusha uyamangala uKesario-Viola.

Umdlalo weShakespeare "Usuku Lweshumi Nesishiyagalolunye" uyaqhubeka nokubonakala edolobheni laseSebastian, okuholela ekudidaneni okuningi, njengoba umzalwane nodade befana kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, kunezibili ezimbili: u-Olivia-Sebastian noViola-Orsino, futhi yonke into iphetha ngokuphepha.

Ngokusho kwesakhiwo, lo mdlalo ukhumbuza inganekwane ethandekayo yothando lomshado, lapho kukhona amahlaya amaningi, izimo ezingavamile ezixhunywe nokugqoka amaqhawe (lokhu kuyisici esivamile sama-comedies asekuqaleni). Ukuphela okungavamile kubangelwa ukuthi zonke hero zithola injabulo yangempela nhlobo, hhayi lapho ebheka khona.

Iphupho Lasebusuku Ebusuku Lomhlaba "

Indawo yesenzo i-Athens. Ngokufanayo, izintambo eziningana zikhula, futhi ama -heroes amathekisthi ahlala ehlathini aphazamisa ubudlelwane babantu-lezi yizici ze-comedy evelele kakhulu kunazo zonke. Isifinyeto yilokhu okulandelayo. Amademoni akhangiswayo anqume ukuphula ubaba wakhe angena ehlathini elingavamile. Zilandelwa umngane nomngane weHermia. Ngenxa yesiphambeko se-elves, konke kuhamba kahle. Abathandana, uHermias noLysander, bakwazi ukuhlanganisa izifiso zabo. UDemetrius wathola injabulo no-Elena, owayekade ehlupheka isikhathi eside. Izenzakalo ezijabulisayo ezenzeka nabantu abasha ehlathini lemilingo, ekuseni ngakusasa kubonakala kungeyona nje iphupho eligcwalisa izifiso.

Incazelo yamahlaya kaShakespeare

Into eyinhloko ehlukanisa ubuciko bomdlali wezemidlalo ibuka ubuntu bomuntu. Lokhu kulandelwa kahle kuzo zonke izinhlobo, kufaka phakathi i-comedy. Ukuhleka okumnandi, ukuxhunyaniswa nemikhuba yamasiko, ukwethembeka kwemizwa yamaqhawe, amaphupho abo okuphila okujabulisayo, ukucinga izindlela zokufezekisa, ukuphakama kwabantu okuphezulu kwenza imidlalo kaShakespeare ingokoqobo futhi ithandwa ngaso sonke isikhathi.