Amu Darya River - Umthambo amanzi amahlanu uthi

Amu Darya River - kwekulu ukugeleza kwamanzi e-Asia Ephakathi. Ubude bayo 1.415 amakhilomitha, kuyilapho yokubhukuda amanzi eyanele - Bole 309.000 amakhilomitha square. Kugeleza emazweni amahlanu: Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan futhi Kyrgyzstan. River kanye Pyandj Vahsh yakha Fusion. Kumiswa ukugeleza main e Tajikistan - 85% futhi Northern Afghanistan - 15%. Amu Darya agelezela Aral Sea, eduze kwayo yakha i-delta. Umfula has 3 nemingenela ezinkulu kwesokudla: Sherabad, Kafirnigan futhi Surkhandarya. Kukhona owumthelela encane kwesokunxele - Kunduz. Amandla up iqhwa emfuleni futhi meltwater. 80% amanzi 36 is kushintshwe ivolumu amadamu 24 bhiliyoni cubic metres. Ukugeleza yaminyaka yonke emfuleni - 73,6 km ^3. Maximum ukugeleza rate - ehlobo, ubuncane - ngesikhathi ngoJanuwari noFebhuwari.

ukubaluleka Kwezomnotho Amu Darya

Lomfula kubalulekile ukuba nesibalo esikhulu sabantu abahlala umcengezi yayo. amanzi awo isetshenziswa ukuze isetshenziswe ekhaya, ugesi, ezolimo, ngenjongo yokuphuza futhi angasetshenziswa ezimbonini. Esikhathini sifinyelela engezansi emfuleni namachibi kwimfunda zokudoba wendawo. Edolobheni endaweni Turkmenabat lomfula Amu Darya kuyinto imikhumbi. Amanzi ingxenye enkulu asebenzelana ngayo ezolimo ukunisela, njengoba lo msebenzi kuyinto wemboni ebalulekile iminotho wonke amazwe amahlanu - 35% we-GDP. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Afghanistan, 80% of the labantu abaqashwe kulo mkhakha. Ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi omunye athathe nezolimo Turkmenistan futhi Uzbekistan - 40%. On Amu Darya eyakhelwe kekulu esiteshini emhlabeni - Karakum, kuhlanganise lapho kukhona amasimu omkhulu kakolweni nokotini. Futhi, eziningi amakhabe likhule.

indaba

Umfula yaziwa kusukela kudala. I-mlando esingumGreki sasendulo uHerodotus sabhala ukuthi Amu Darya emilonyeni 40 lasendulo wangena ixhaphozi futhi kwadingeka iziteshi 360, kodwa emikhonweni eyodwa kuphela agelezela the yoLwandle iCaspian. Kodwa izazi zanamuhla baye bathola ukuthi amanzi ukugeleza kwamanzi ifinyelela kuphela Sarykamysh echibini. Ngakho, ulwazi umlobi wezenzakalo asendulo cishe esekelwe emasikweni adluliselwa ngomlomo. Amu endulo egqoka amagama amaningi. AmaZoroaster walibiza Vakhsh, argali, noma Raha Ranh. AmaGreki asendulo ngokuthi Aras. Futhi esikhathini ukunqoba kuka Aleksandra Makedonskogo River kwadingeka igama Oksos. LoMfula i-Amu Darya ibekwe uthi enkulu endala: Khorezm, Bactria futhi Sogdiana. NgeNkathi Ephakathi Amu Darya ngidayisa umzila eRussia kuya eBukhara. Peter Ngazama batibandzakanye ekuhwebeni Russian River. Ngalezo zinsuku kwathiwa wahlola Amu Darya emfuleni. Imephu isikhathi ngempela olunembile. izifundo esihleliwe umlambo wathoma ukubonwa ngekhulu XX. Ngesikhathi esifanayo thina laqala khona ukugubha ukubunjwa amanzi.

ngemvelo

On Amu Darya kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule futhi luye lwaqinisa umthwalo kwawohloza elibukhali indlela yokwakheka amanzi. Futhi kwakukhona Ukungadli. Amu Darya eMfuleni kuze kube manje libonisa i-alamu imingcele ezilamatshe aligugu kanye ubulukhuni. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1940 godu amanzi ubulukhuni kwaba 4.2 mg.ekv / ilitha. Ngonyaka 90 th - 9. Futhi namhlanje - 9.8 mg.ekv / ilitha. usawoti lokuhlushwa incike isizini. Lezi zinkomba zibangelwa osenyameni okukhulu ku emfuleni yasendlini amanzi zezimboni, nayo ibalulekile ebusweni effluents nentuthu oyikhiphayo emikhunjini emfuleni. Njengoba umfula ugeleza badabula leyo ndawo bamazwe amaningana, inkinga ukwelashwa yayo - umzamo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kuze kube manje, ohulumeni wonke amazwe amahlanu ngiyilanda, ngiyisho, futhi izivumelwano wasayina.

ukudoba

Fish itholakala sifinyelela aphansi emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi e-Amu Darya Basin. The main abadobi ukukhiqizwa - a carp, salmon, chub, barbel futhi Marinka. Kodwa ngo sifinyelela engenhla, ezinhle kakhulu ukudoba - Osman, okuyinto ubuyisela emfuleni trout. Lezi izinto yokudoba, futhi owakhiwe phezu kohlobo engamakhulu ezahlukene emanzini Amu Darya. Marinka, barbel futhi WaseTurkey - kuyinto izidalwa ngempela ehlukile zitholakala ngokuyinhloko Amu Darya. Sinenkosi izimpondo ukuthi ufuna inyamazane ku amanzi Murky. Osman sihluke barbel futhi Marinka ukuthi umsila wakhe futhi izinhlangothi embozwe izikali ezincane, ezingavamile, isisu ngokuphelele angenalutho, futhi kukhona 2 ingxenye eyengeziwe. Ukudoba Amu Darya esiqala ngo-May kuya ku-October. Ungakwazi ukubamba ukuphotha, Imbongolo futhi poludonkami.

ezokuvakasha

Bathanda ukuza lapha kude. Futhi Amu Darya futhi Syr Darya zinhle kulokhu - kukhona izindawo eziningana ezithakazelisayo. Umzila iqala amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka Tashkent. ingxubevange isiqongo Phakathi no-September no-October. Umlando buffs nokuvakasha ukuza lapha emhlabeni wonke ubunyoninco emadolobheni ngokubabazekayo lasendulo futhi uvakashele Amudarya Reserve. esishintshashintshayo eziningana zezulu esemgwaqweni lomfula, ehlane, semi ehlane kanye izintaba. Kule ndawo bukhoma futhi humped amakamela Bactrian, kufakwa ohlwini ku-Red egwalweni ingwe iqhwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, itholakala Mollakara echibini ngokuyisimangaliso, okuyinto uphulukisa izifo eziningi. Lapha kanye iqhakazile edolobheni lasendulo ngesikhathi u-Alexander Omkhulu - vaasam. Amu Darya - charm okuphakade yomlando.