Ichibi Sarykamyshskoe: incazelo, umlando, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

E-Asia Ephakathi, phakathi nendawo phakathi kweCaspian kanye nokumisa ngokushesha i-Aral Sea, kukhona uLwandle Sarykamysh olungenakutholakali futhi olungenakufinyeleleka. I-hydrology eyithakazelisayo, kanye nomlando wokuvela kwaleli gumbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinganekwane eziningana ezithakazelisayo nezindabuko zihlotshaniswa nolwandle.

I-Sarykamysh lake: i-geography ye-reservoir

I-Sarykamysh ingenye yezinhlangano zamanzi ezinkulu kunazo zonke e-Central Asia kanye nolwandle olukhulu kakhulu eTurkmenistan. Ukuthola kumephu akulula. Ichibi liphakathi kweCaspian ne-Aral Sea, cishe phakathi phakathi kwabo. Kumephu engokomzimba ngezansi ibhalwe nge-asterisk ebomvu:

Ngokwemvelo, uLwandle iSarykamyshskoe lihlala engxenyeni eyinhloko yomgogodla wokuziqhenya. Kubonakala sengathi ukucindezeleka kwe-oval flat, okugcwele kakhulu ngamahlumela osawoti futhi uhlungwa ngamasaka. Ukucindezeleka kwe-Sarykamysh, futhi, ngumngcele osenyakatho wokusatshalaliswa kweJaji laseKarakum.

Ezombusazwe nangokwengamela, i-Sarykamysh echibi yizo ezimbili zase-Central Asia. Indawo engaba ngu-70% (ingxenye eseningizimu) i-Turkmenistan, kanti enye i-30% (ingxenye esenyakatho nentshonalanga) e-Uzbekistan. Amaphekula asenyakatho yechibi angaphansi kweKarakalpakstan, i-republic ye-Uzbekistan, futhi izingxenye eziseningizimu nasempumalanga ziyi-Dashoguz velayat yaseTurkmenistan.

Hydrology, imingcele kanye ne-ichthyofauna yechibi

Igama lomthombo livela emvelaphi yesiTurkey futhi lihunyushwe ngokuthi "umhlanga ophuzi". Ugu lolwandle lukhulu kakhulu futhi luningi olunesihlabathi. Sekude eside kusukela echibini laseSarykamysh licebile ezweni elithile eliyingqayizivele nelingavamile. Emanzini ayo kuyinhlanzi enkulu (i-carp, i-pike perch, i-catfish kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane), futhi iziqhingi eziningi zigcwele umdlalo. Lapha ungathola i-moufflon, i-hyena, i-boar yase-wild, i-pelican noma i-flamingo. Ukuvikela izilwane zasemanzini esifundeni, i-Sarykamysh Reserve yayidalwa ngokukhethekile.

I-Lake Sarykamyshskoe inemigomo elandelayo:

• Ubude - 120 km;
• Ububanzi - 40 km;
• Ukujula okulinganiselwe ngu-8 m;
• Ukujula okuphezulu kunama-40 m;
• Ingqikithi yenani lamanzi echibini lingaba ngu-12 000 cubic metres. Amamitha.

Ichibi lisolwe ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu-mpumalanga. Ugu lolwandle olusentshonalanga lukhulu futhi lukhulu, futhi ukujula kwalo kukhula kancane kancane ngokuhamba phambili ukuya olwandle olumpumalanga. Ehlangothini olusempumalanga, umsele ongenawo wonke ugeleza echibini, okuwumthombo oyinhloko wokugcwaliswa kwawo.

I-Sarykamysh lake: umlando wendawo

Le echibini elingenamanzi elinamanzi anosawoti obabayo lalikhona "emzimbeni" wephasi hhayi njalo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kwasekupheleni kwe-Neogene naseNkathini Ephakathi. Futhi ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX leli chibi loma futhi futhi (ngeke uluthole emabalazweni aseSoviet endala). Zonke lezi zinguquko zithembele ukuthi ngabe isitsha se-Sarykamysh sithathe amanzi ka-Amu Darya noma cha. Lapho umfula uphendukela oLwandle lwe-Aral, leli chibi loma.

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, ama-republic amaningi aseCentral Asia ahlanganisa izindawo zokukhanda ezimboziwe. Ekwindla nasebusika, lezi zitshalo zahlanzwa ngokuphelele ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwamachiza akhethekile okunisela. Amanzi ngenxa yale nqubo agcwele izinto ezinobungozi, ahlanzwa enhlabathini. Amanzi asetshenziselwa "ukuhlanza" asetshenziselwa ezindaweni ezingashiyiwe nezindawo ezingahlali kuyo, lapho okwesikhashana khona kwakhiwa amakhemikhali anobuthi. Omunye wabo kwakuyiLake Sarykamysh.

Ukugcwalisa ukucindezeleka kwe-Sarykamysh kwenzeke kuma-70s ekhulwini lokugcina. Ngomnyaka we-1977, indawo yangasese yelibi yayingamamitha ayi-1500 square. I-Km, futhi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-80 yayikhule ibe ngu-3,000 sq. M. I-Km. Namuhla indawo yonke yeSarykamysh ingamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu. I-Km.

Izinkinga zezinto eziphilayo zechibi

Abantu basebenzisa kanjani i-Sarykamysh echibi namhlanje? Empeleni, akukho lutho. Phela, kusukela ngo-1971, umgodi wayo wawugcwele izinto ezinobuthi (amakhemikhali nama-pesticides), wageza emasimini okotini. Zingaki eziqoqiwe echibini sonke lesi sikhathi - akekho manje ongakwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile. Noma kunjalo, kwezinye izindawo zezokudoba zaseSarykamysh zithuthuka kahle.

Ichibi alitholakali, futhi amabhange alo angabanjwa. Kusukela entshonalanga nasempumalanga phezu kobuso bayo, ama-chinks (amabhuloho) epulazini lase-Ustyurt angamahloni, futhi kusukela enyakatho kuya kuye kuyavinjelwa ama-Karabaur. Ehlangothini oluseningizimu yechibi ligcwele umhlabathi we-Karakum. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni eziningi (ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lamanzi), ugu lwaba izimpande ezingapheli.

Enye inkinga ebalulekile eSachikamysh echibini yilawo manzi akhula kakhulu emanzini ayo. Manje sezingeni elingama-15-20 ppm futhi likhula njalo.

Ngo-2013, iTurkmenistan yakha umkhankaso omkhulu wokwakha isikebhe esikhulu se-Altyn-Asyr. Lo msebenzi wanikezwa amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-4.5 ezivela emalini kahulumeni. Cishe u-50% wokugeleza kwamanzi kuya echibini lesikhathi esizayo kufanele unikezwe ngumqoqi wezingqimba ohlinzeka ngeLake Sarykamysh. Kuzokwenzekani emalini esikhathini esizayo, mayelana nokuqaliswa kwalolu hlelo "lwegolide", alukwazi nakanjani kunoma ubani.

I-behemoth yeLake Sarykamysh

Izindaba ezahlukene eziyinganekwane kanye nezinganekwane zaseLwandle Sarikamysh zaqala ukuzalwa ngenjabulo phakathi no-70s. Yeka ukuthi kuyiqiniso kangakanani kunzima ukusho. Kodwa udumo olubi lwale ndawo lwamahemuhemu lwasakazwa kulo lonke iSoviet Union.

Ngakho, abadobi abavuthiwe batshela ukuthi babamba echibini elingaziwa futhi elingaziwa. Abazingeli abatholakala emagqumeni ayo bahlambalaza izigulane ze-saigas kahle. Ubani ongabashiya lapho? Ngemuva kwalokho, abazingeli abazange baqede amabhande abo abamnyama kangaka ngokuhlanzekile nangenhlanzeko.

Kamuva eduze kwaseSarykamysh, abantu baqala ukuhlangana nesilo esikhulu nesingajwayelekile, njengengwenya noma isilonda. Lezi zilwane ezinamahlombe amakhulu amakhulu zivele ziphuma emanzini futhi zihlasela abelusi abangabodwa, abahambi, abadobi noma ososayensi.

I-sarykamysh carkidons

Izilo zendawo endaweni yabantu ababizwa nge-karkidons enamaqhawe. Ngokuvamile iSarykamysh "Chupakabr" yachazwa njengengwenya ephethe umsila ohambayo kanye nemigqa ende kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba we-monster bufinyelele kumamitha amabili (omunye umitha owodwa nesigamu ulandelwa umsila wesilwane).

I-Karkidons ngokuvamile idliwe ngama-saigas, izimvu nama-mouflons. Ngezinye izikhathi bahlasela abantu. Abaningi babecabanga ukuthi lezi zilo zavela ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwezilonda ezimhlophe ezibangelwa ukulinganisa okukhulu kwezibulala-zinambuzane.

Ingabe i-carcadons ikhona ngempela? Noma ingabe kwakungenye yezinganekwane ezimbi? Manje kunzima ukusho, ngoba abukho ubufakazi bokuthi bakhona. Kukholelwa ukuthi ikusasa lama-karkidons lixazululwe emhlanganweni wamfihlo we-Politburo ngo-1978. Ukukhuphuka kwale ndawo kusuka emithini yokuguquka kwemvelo kwenziwa ngasese, ngokubandakanyeka kwezempi. Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi abantu abaningana bagcinwa ukuze bafunde kamuva.

Isiphetho

I-Sarykamysh Lake iyindawo enkulu ephakathi kwe-Asia Ephakathi, emngceleni wase-Uzbekistan naseTurkmenistan. Esikhathini sokugcina ukugoba kwechibi kwagcwaliswa kuma-70s ekhulu lokugcina. Kanye namanzi, inani elikhulu lezinto eziyingozi ezivela emasimini asezolimo zafika kulo, ziphendulela leli chibi libe yile saline sump enobuthi.