Anatomy komzila wokuzungeza: ukwakheka kwazo, imisebenzi

lowo muzwa eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba emehlweni, has a eyinqaba isakhiwo. Iso sakhiwa Vitreous, amahlaya aqueous kanye lens crystalline. Futhi lokho kugcinwa kulomzimba sizoxoxa ngokwengeziwe.

anatomy esweni

Bone sphere emzileni - pair Yekhanda equkethe uhlaka umbono - amehlo. I ingaphakathi ichaza i imodeli orbit mbhoshongo zikanhlangothiningi nge izindonga zawo ezine. Anatomy of the emzileni igcina yeso nge isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi, lo eziyimpumelelo kwenzwa amafutha ungqimba kanye indlala lacrimal. On the front ingxenye orbit it has a beso ezinkulu, okuyinto ngesisekelo mbhoshongo okungajwayelekile Limited esemkhathini ithambo onqenqemeni.

Ngo isakhiwo kwezisekelo iso kukhona eziphambili kakhulu, kancane kancane tapering maqondana nendawo. Kukhona futhi eksisi sidlule ngokusebenzisa omunye enethiwekhi iso lokho. imizwa yabo optic axhunyiwe phakathi iso. Orbital odongeni ohlanganisa nge umgodi acinene. On the front yasebunzini exhunywe amathambo obumba isokhethi iso. Kanye emaphethelweni, basuke ngokuhlanganiswa fossa yesikhashana.

Isakhiwo isokhethi iso ine uhlobo isikwele nge imiphetho oyindilinga. Ngenhla ingaphakathi esemkhathini ubabonisa ezinzwa supraorbital yokuxhuma ithambo engaphelele futhi inqubo cheekbone. Ngaphakathi imbobo yokungena ogebhezini kuyinto avaliwe onqenqemeni medial ezakhiwe ithambo okuqondile ikhala engenhla emhlathini skeleton. Ngezansi ithrekhi emzileni sihamba emsipheni infraorbital ukuthi uxhuma maxilla kanye zygomatic ingxenye. isakhiwo umphetho ohlangothini emzileni ozimele zygomatic.

isithombe egcwele enethiwekhi iso

skull kobuso siqukethe uchungechunge izimbobo. Omunye wabo - kungcono iso isokhethi. Izindonga zawo ziyisikhumbuzo ethambile.

Phezulu odongeni

It siqukethe le indiza esemkhathini wethambo engaphelele kanye endaweni encane ithambo sphenoid. Lokhu ithambo ehlukanisa ogangeni emzileni futhi intracranial fossa ikhanda nobuchopho. A phezulu odongeni ngaphandle komngcele we umgodi yesikhashana.

udonga phansi

It uxhuma phambili ingxenye ongenhla. Futhi, udonga asemingceleni ithambo zygomatic. Udonga phansi itheku maxillary iphelile, odinga ukukwazi ngezinhloso zokwelapha.

Udonga medial

It ixhuma nge ongenhla futhi faka of ithambo ethmoid. Udonga medial mncane kakhulu. It has amathuba ukudlula imizwa nemithambo yegazi. Lokhu isici uchaza okuvela izinqubo sokugembula ngokusebenzisa Izinsimbi esweni futhi emuva.

I lateral odongeni

Kumiswa It is kusukela ingaphakathi esemkhathini futhi sphenoid ingxenye cheekbones Yekhanda, kanye ithambo engaphelele. Udonga lateral ehlukanisa emaphethelweni iso kusukela ohlangothini yesikhashana.

Ngo emgodini amehlo, zikhona izikhala eziningi kanye uhamba ngawo iso isokhethi ixhunywe omunye Amayunithi ubuso skull:

1. optic nerve isiteshi Ukuvalwa;

2. Lower the umqhewu izinyembezi;

3. engenhla umqhewu amehlo;

4. ukuvulwa Malar;

5. nasolacrimal ndima;

6. iseli ngehele.

Isakhiwo orbit uyosinika impendulo enemininingwane kuyo yonke imibuzo mayelana indawo yokuma iso.

Ngaphakathi isokhethi iso, emaphethelweni izindonga ezilingene engenhla, kukhona igebe, okuyinto kulolu hlangothi uvala ithambo sphenoid kanye nelinye iphiko layo. Sihlanganisa imbobo esemkhathini ne fossa phakathi skull ebusweni. Ngemva elingenhla ukushelela yokungena motor esemkhathini nezinzwa iso. Ukuqoqwa ezibalulekile kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa emaphethelweni entry esemkhathini uchaza kumiswa izimpawu ezinjalo ezivumela ingxenye okunempilo ukunqotshwa syndrome "ZaseLaki esemkhathini."

Udonga medial siqukethe ngalo ingaphakathi cranial lacrimal, ngehele amaseli bese ithambo sphenoid Yekhanda. Front sihamba indlela izinyembezi elandela ngaphakathi komgodlana lacrimal. Kuyinto umgodi, abuts amanzi nasolacrimal.

Top medial odongeni kukhona izikhala ezimbili. Okokuqala - grid itheku sise onqenqemeni ukuqala we suture engaphelele, futhi slot yesibili kuyoshaya kanye onqenqemeni okuqondile slot zokugcina. Anatomy kwezisekelo iso ibonakala inzima kakhulu ukukhetha-engela wokubuka. cabanga ngokugcwele phambi ngaphakathi ugebhezi kuyosisiza yawudabula phansi.

Isakhiwo isokhethi iso

1. Zygomatic ingxenye brow ithambo.

2. Ingxenye ebanzi ithambo sphenoid.

3. ingaphakathi ebusweni zygomatic.

4. inqubo Frontal.

5. I main okukhipha esemkhathini.

6. plexus zygomaticofacial.

7. Ingxenye izihlathi Yekhanda.

8. ithrekhi Suborbital.

9. Ingxenye ongenhla.

10. slot esemkhathini.

11. Indima acinene.

LasePalatine 12. ingxenye Yekhanda.

13. Ingxenye wokuxovela izinyembezi.

14. I esemkhathini band ezingeni nehele.

15. indlela Izinyembezi kanye ugebhezi.

16. engemuva izinyembezi feben.

17. maxillary frontal ingxenye.

18. Iwindi lokuqala latticed.

19. Iwindi lokugcina trellis.

20. Supraocular slot.

21., umhubhe optic.

22. encane iphiko nhlonhlo ebusweni ugebhezi.

23. imbobo esemkhathini phezulu.

Ngo abadala evamile, umthamo we-sithombe ukulokho cishe 30 ml, iso - 6.5 ml.

anatomy kwezisekelo iso

Ububanzi izungeza orbit - ayimigodi ezimbili ngesimo isivivane, okuyinto abe isizinda, izindonga ezine kanye phezulu. Kumila, okuyinto ngaphakathi Yekhanda, yakheke ngamachopho amane. Bone obumba orbit, axhunyiwe ngokweqile engela frontal amathambo kanye engela kusuka phansi ixhuma ithambo maxillary. Unqenqema medial izungezwe engaphelele, lacrimal kanye maxilla. engela Lateral ngokuhlanganiswa emhlathini.

orbit Upper elisukela medial esemkhathini engela ukuvuleka phezulu futhi ngokushelela phakathi kwemizwa canal Ukuvalwa amehlo.

Ukuhlanganisa nge skull imbobo esemkhathini

Kumi esiqongweni sezindawo ukulokho kuvulwa umxhwele, kanye lapho ezibukwayo wesiteshi Umthambo amehlo. Phambi kukhona projection we medial onqenqemeni fossa sac lacrimal nasolacrimal imbobo ezisabalele odlula phakathi komgodi acinene.

Orbital sidlula emnyango phansi futhi phansi onqenqemeni lateral komzila wokuzungeza. Abesehamba kuya palato-wing nezesikhasana fossa. It wadlula phansi Vienna amehlo, okuyinto agelezela Umthambo engenhla. It uxhuma plexus pooling eyeqile sidlula imizwa yegazi, kukhona ezansi kwezisekelo iso.

Ngembobo eliphezulu, okuyinto phakathi fossa cranial, uqhubeke oculomotor ezinzwa plexus futhi emsipheni trigeminal. Khona-ke ugelezela Vienna phezulu Iso ngalendoda eyinhloko ngemithambo yeso.

Isakhiwo iso isokhethi sphere

Iphanorama iqukethe yeso nge spikes yakhe, ukukhulumisana apharathasi ne skull ebusweni, imithambo yegazi, nerve plexus, imisipha kanye nezindlala lacrimal, emaphethelweni sizungezwe ungqimba okunamafutha. Kunokuphishekela ububanzi kukhawulwe emzileni fascia esemkhathini, nokwelukiweyo kwaze kwaba phakathi nekhulu uqwanga. It okuhlanganisiwe ne periosteum into esiyibonisa ngezikhathi ezithile emkhakheni. sac lacrimal sihamba phambi fascia esemkhathini namanga ngaphandle emzileni isakhiwo ingaphakathi. Nansi anatomy we enethiwekhi iso esigabeni siqu.

Okusho Ekwelapheni

Endaweni plexus neurovascular ezikhumulweni ZaseLaki esemkhathini uma kwenzeka izinqubo ezahlukene sokugembula kule ndawo syndrome "aphakeme ZaseLaki esemkhathini" kungenzeka. Nalesi sifo ingavela ptosis leso elingenhla. Futhi baxhashazwe ephelele iso zingavela yilesi sifo it is kancane kancane kwanda umfundi.

Indawo zokugula waphawula ukuzwela sifo, futhi esikhundleni ukusatshalaliswa kohlelo plexus trigeminal kungase kudambise eziyimpumelelo emsipheni kanye ukunwetshwa emithanjeni eyinhloko iso. Uma sicabanga ngakho konke izinhlobo nobunzima, lokhu okulandelayo emva kokwelashwa noma emva kokuhlinzwa, kubalulekile kuqala lodokotela eziningana kokubonisana: dokotela, ophthalmologist, endocrinology, wemithi yangaphakathi. Udinga ukuba kudlule bonke ukuhlolwa okudingekayo, ukuxilonga, tonometry, biomicroscopy. Khona-ke babe mozhena ukuqhuba kokungenela wezokwelapha.