Ongenhla: isakhiwo, umsebenzi kanye umonakalo kungenzeka

isakhiwo Proper namakhono bokuphila konke kwezitho nezicubu we bomuntu uzimisele kuphela impilo kodwa futhi ukubonakala. Yini ukuphambuka kungaba ekuthuthukiseni we ongenhla, futhi kufanele aphendule ngalokho ukuthi igunya?

Ikakhulukazi nokwakheka ongenhla

I engenhla emhlathini - thambo umusi, esakhiwa umzimba nezinqubo ezine. Kuhunyushelwe phezulu phambi ingxenye ubuso skull, bawuthwale emathanjeni womoya, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi unakho umgodi, uphahlwe mucosa.

Izinqubo ezilandelayo ongenhla, okuyinto lethiwa indawo:

• inqubo frontal;
• inqubo zygomatic;
• ithambo alveolar;
• ithambo palatal.

izinqubo Avilable

Futhi, elingenhla emhlathini umzimba has evele ezine: ngaphambili, esemkhathini, infratemporal futhi acinene.

Surface esingunxantathu esemkhathini isesimweni, bushelelezi touch futhi kancane esitshekile phambili - yakha odongeni orbit (orbit).

Ngaphambili ebusweni umzimba emhlathini kancane agobile, yona kuvulwa amehlo ngezansi esemgwaqweni the fossa Canine kuvula ngqo.

ebusweni acinene oyiyo - ukwakheka eziyinkimbinkimbi. It has emqhokrweni maxillary, okuholela itheku maxillary.

inqubo Zygomatic uzoba elingenhla emhlathini lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti zazo zincike ukuhlinzwa evamile zonke izinqubo kanye evele.

Imisebenzi kanye nezici ehlukile

Yini izinqubo emzimbeni futhi ugebhezi kungase kubangele izinguquko sokugembula kule lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti lamathambo?

I ongenhla unesibopho eziningi izinqubo:

• Ezikhona oqotsheni ukuhlafuna ihambisa umthwalo ngamazinyo ongenhla.
• Inquma ukuma efanele zonke izinqubo.
• It yakha umgodi ngoba umlomo nekhala, ngodonga yabo.

izinqubo sokugembula

I ongenhla ngenxa yokulandelana kwayo ngokohlu futhi khona itheku kuba lula ukwehlisa, umthamo yayo imayelana 5 cm ^3, ngoba ithuba ona ithambo iyakhula.

Imihlathi ngokwayo omiswe yokuthi ifemu okuhlanganisiwe nalo lonke amathambo skull.

Phakathi kungenzeka izinguquko pathologic ezivamile ikakhulukazi iyona ukwa emhlathini (ephezulu noma ephansi). Ukulimala aphulukise kuwukwenza lula kunalokho amathambo ka umhlathi ongezansi, ngoba, ngenxa yokulandelana kwayo ngokohlu nendawo, musa ukuthutha ukuthi ngesivinini ukukhishwa ethanjeni layo.

Ngaphezu zonke izinhlobo waphuka futhi dislocations, ngesikhathi luhlolo ngumuntu wamazinyo kungaba ukuthola inqubo ozungezayo, nginesimila we maxilla, edinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze uyisuse.

Umzimba ine ongenhla le itheku maxillary, okuyinto lapho uphathwa kahle amazinyo (hhayi kuphela) kungenzeka babe elikhanyayo futhi kukhona sinusitis - omunye sokugembula inqubo emhlathini.

Liningi igazi. innervation

Perfusion emhlathini maxillary kuyinto Umthambo ngenxa amagatsha awo. Amazinyo ithambo alveolar innervated ngu emsipheni trigeminal, ikakhulukazi - egatsheni maxillary.

Lapho yisihlungu noma awe trigeminal ubuhlungu ebusweni Zingase zande zisakazekele nakwezinye emazinyweni engumqemane, okuyinto eveza isifo zamanga kwenzeka futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho isizinda yokuphambuka izinyo phezu ongenhla.

Cases ukuxilongwa ayilungile njalo, ngoba Ongasinaki izindlela ezingeziwe luhlolo kanye sithembele kuphela imizwa subjective isiguli, udokotela njengoba izingozi zempilo yesiguli, kanye idumela lalo.

Izakhiwo amazinyo kwi ongenhla

I ongenhla linenani efanayo ephansi amazinyo. Amazinyo we ongenhla, noma kunalokho izimpande zabo, kukhona ukungezwani phakathi kwabo, okuyizinto lemali yabo futhi beqondiswa nguye.

Ngokwezibalo, ukuhlakanipha amazinyo e-maxilla ziqhuma kuqala futhi ngokuvamile ohlangothini lwesokudla.

Njengoba elingenhla emhlathini ithambo phansi ohlabayo okuningi, futhi akhishwa has izici zayo siqu kanye eliyifa isu elikhethekile. Ngenxa yale njongo, zamazinyo Esebenzisa zokususa amazinyo e-ongenhla, okuyinto has elinye igama - the insabule.

Uma ususa engalungile impande ukwa singenzeka ngoba ongenhla, okuyinto isakhiwo ayikuvumeli ukuba sisebenzise amandla idinga izindlela ezengeziwe ukuxilongwa phambi izinqubo zokuhlinza. Ngokuvamile izicelo ezinjalo Kwenziwa-X-ray luhlolo - orthopantomography noma tomography ngekhompyutha komzimba umhlathi.

ukuhlinza

Edinga kokususwa ongenhla, futhi kanjani ukubuyisela umsebenzi evamile ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

inqubo Kwethulwa amazinyo is njengoba maksillektomiya ezaziwayo.

I izinkomba ukuhlinzwa yilezi:

• izimila ebulalayo phakathi nomzimba we maxilla futhi ezihlobene yayo, futhi sokugembula izicubu overgrowth ekhaleni, sinuses paranasal nomlomo.
• izimila Benign ingase futhi, ngesikhathi intuthuko eqhubekayo, babe izaba ukususa umzimba ongenhla.

inqubo maksillektomii enezinto eziningi Izimo:

• Ubude nesineke ukugula, izifo sibi ezithathelwanayo, izifo ezithile ongenhla esigabeni oyingozi futhi isigaba ka exacerbation.
• Lapho ukusatshalaliswa abalulekile inqubo sokugembula lapho ukusebenza ngeke yigxathu elibalulekile ekwelapheni isifo, kodwa umthwalo kuphela ngesifo somdlavuza.

isiguli preoperative kwenziwa ucwaningo olunzulu kwangaphambilini zihlose ukuthola ezinye kwezinso emzimbeni wesiguli, kanye nencazelo kwasendaweni izimila.

Ngaphambi izinyathelo zokuxilonga wenziwa ayidingayo, okuhloswe ngazo ukuthi ukucacisa izici etiologic kanye nezici ezithile zofuzo.

Ngaphambi noma yiziphi izinqubo kuhlinzwa futhi kudingeka ahlolwe ngokugcwele nezinye Ochwepheshe. Lokhu, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ophthalmologist - iso sokunquma isimo ukusebenza kwawo okuvamile, futhi kungenzeka yezinkinga ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

I ongenhla has emzimbeni wakhe emgodini iso futhi itheku acinene, ngenxa inhlolovo zabo ngokugcwele eyenziwa ngaphambi maksillektomiey saziso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokuba sihlinzwe Kunconywa ukuba enze tomography we ikhanda nentamo, okuyinto ngcono isithombe mazombe seragelo isiguli futhi ivumela abone ngokucace kakhudlwana ukuthi indawo inqubo lwesimila.

Phakathi ukusebenza, kungase kwenzeke inkinga - ukwa emhlathini (engenhla) noma okuthintekayo emsipheni ebusweni ngasohlangothini okungalungile. Nanoma yiziphi izinkinga kungathikameza ukukhula ka umdlavuza, ngenxa maksillektomii - kunobungozi isimo isiguli.

kombungu esizalweni

I ongenhla kungalimala e utero, okuholela kombungu emhlathini kanye lonke ubuso.

Yini kungaba isizathu ukuthuthukiswa wakhe normal ngaphambi kokuzalwa?

• yofuzo. Ukuvimbela lokhu akunakwenzeka, kodwa uma ethole ukwelashwa okufanele orthodontic kanye wamathambo emva kokuzalwa ungalungisa sengozini azalwa naso futhi abuyisele ukusebenza evamile ongenhla.
• Ukulimala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ingane Ungashintsha Yiqiniso yokukhulelwa bokuphila enze izinguquko sokugembula, okuyinto kunazo wadalula kuya ongenhla. Futhi okubi imikhuba umama futhi ukusetshenziswa kunemithi noma amaphilisi owaphuzayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungaba okunqumayo kule okuvela kwezinso azalwa nako.

izinhlobo pathologies

Phakathi izinqubo main sokugembula ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa emhlathini, ukukhululwa:

• anomalies Ukubambezeleka (anomalies ezingavela phakathi embryonic ukuthuthukiswa umbungu) - sohlangothi olulodwa noma zamazwe amabili emfantwini ebusweni, microgeny, ephelele noma ingxenye edentulous (ulahlekile amazinyo), hypoplasia ikhala kanye sinuses, nabanye.
• Deformation apharathasi uhlelo lezinyo, eladabuka ukuthuthukiswa emhlathini bedle izici ezihlukahlukene okungekuhle: endogenous noma exogenous.
• Secondary ukusonteka izinqubo apharathasi dentoalveolar, okuyinto kuphakama ngenxa imiphumela ebuhlungu ezithweni Yekhanda ebusweni, futhi ngenxa ukuphathwa kabi ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe futhi amakhemikhali okwelapha umdlavuza.

anomalies kwamazinyo. edentia

I njalo kunazo pathologies amazinyo kwi ongenhla ingashiwo adentia okuyinto, kuye ngokuthi imbangela, kuyinto esinqunyiwe (akukho namazinyo ngaphezulu) nokuphelele (ukungabi khona amazinyo).

Libuye ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka bagcine ukuhamba distal ithuluzi nge ekwakhekeni diastema zamanga.

Ukuze zokugula zokuxilonga enikeziwe ngokusebenzisa-X-ray luhlolo (orthopantomography) esibonisa kakhulu ngokunembile indawo kanye imbangela egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo.

Deformation emhlathini ngamazinyo supernumerary - umphumela okungenzeka inqubo sokugembula oqala ekuthuthukisweni utero umbungu. Yikuphi kuhambisana khona amazinyo extra, okuyinto musa ukufeza noma yimuphi umsebenzi inqubo ukuhlafuna?

Ukuba khona amazinyo supernumerary kuya bulala alveolar we ongenhla kungaba avuse ukusonteka yayo. Lokhu kubangela ukukhula ngokweqile wethambo alveolar, okuba nomthelela omubi hhayi kuphela ilungiselelo efanele amazinyo, kodwa futhi ukuthuthukiswa bokuphila we ongenhla.

Ukuvimbela anomalies kanye nemihlathi ezilimele

Ikakhulukazi ezibalulekile kusukela zisencane ukulandela ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo emhlathini ibhekane luhlolo njalo ngumuntu wamazinyo futhi aphathe zonke izifo ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo.

Ephambi kwezinduna indawo yengane okusobala anomalies noma ukukhula kwamazinyo kufanele ngokushesha kudlule luhlolo olunzulu, hhayi kuphela e-wamazinyo, kodwa endocrinology, udokotela wezinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi anomalies ekuthuthukiseni emhlathini elihlobene ne isimo jikelele kahle.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa anomalies azalwa naso bekulokhu igatsha amazinyo sengathi orthodontics, esifunda ukusebenza evamile zeNhlangano umlomo, kanye izifo futhi aqondise ngeziphambeko sokugembula kusukela kuyinsakavukela. Ukwelashwa is best kwenziwa zisencane, ngoba uyephuza Ukuvakashela udokotela wamazinyo ngaphambi kuqhuma amazinyo noma ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe emhlathini akudingekile.

impilo yomlomo - kuyisihluthulelo ekusebenzeni kahle lomgudu wokugaya ukudla bese zokuphefumula, kanye isiqinisekiso impilo yengane engqondo nokuthuthukiswa evamile. Isici ngokwengqondo udlala kungekho indima encane kule ndaba, njengoba ubuso bomuntu - kwaba ikhadi lakhe bizo. Running ukusonteka ukubukeka Ukushintshwa ashiya uphawu isimo psycho-ngokomzwelo, futhi odala sebuningini uyesaba zokwesaba, kuze isimo sociopathic.

Ukudla okunomsoco, ukudla ukudla okuqinile, inhlanzeko okunengqondo nokuthuthwa kwendle - isihluthulelo ekukhuleni kahle lo ongenhla, futhi zonke izinhlaka ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo.