Bangaki abalingiswa kule sesiShayina? Inombolo iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isimo

IsiShayina ingenye ngezilimi endala elotshwe emhlabeni. Umlando walo iphindela okungenani 3 ayizinkulungwane. Iminyaka. Le mibhalo kuso zitholakale izikhathi ufudu shell le Shang Dynasty (1766-1123 BC. E.).

Umlando lokubhala Chinese

lolimi Chinese ayemncane kunala nesi noma waseGibhithe, kodwa abukho ubufakazi ukuthi ukusungulwa lokubhala eChina kunoma iyiphi inkanuko yobulili indlela iskripthi eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Izibonelo zokuqala ezingu-eChina fortunetelling imibhalo amathambo kanye amagobolondo. Zakhiwa umbuzo umboni impendulo. Lokhu lokubhala ekuqaleni ebonisa ukuthi ezinsukwini zakuqala sokuthuthuka, babusekelwe Pictograms. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "inkomo" ukuboniswa ikhanda lesilwane, futhi "hamba!" - isithombe unyawo.

Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokubhala Chinese uye washintsha eziningi, futhi kakade ngesikhathi we Han Dynasty (206 BC -.... 220 AD), uye ulahlekelwe descriptiveness yayo. izinhlamvu Modern kwamiswa phezu III futhi IV eminyaka n. e. Ngokumangalisayo, kodwa ngemva kwalokho cishe akuzange kushintshe. Ngaphezu amafomu standard, kukhona yesandla embalwa. I tsaoshu ezivamile futhi Xingsheng. uhlobo lokuqala nzima kakhulu ukufunda ngabantu abangenalo ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile. Xingsheng uhlobo ebucayini phakathi ngejubane tsaoshu iskripthi ejwayelekile. Leli fomu kabanzi China yesimanje.

Bangaki abalingiswa kule sesiShayina?

Ukumela morpheme ngamunye isichazamazwi, amaShayina zisebenzisa uhlamvu olulodwa ehlukile. Iningi zinhlamvu izinguqulo imisindo ezikhulunywayo asho ebhaliwe. Nakuba uhlelo lokubhala nhlobonhlobo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa ukuvukelwa izinxushunxushu zezombangazwe, izimiso zayo, kanye nezinhlamvu ayikaphendulwa okufanayo.

Ngakho ukuthi bangaki izinhlamvu ngolimi lwesiShayina? Nakuba isibalo sabo kulinganiselwa emashumini ezinkulungwane (isib, isichazamazwi "Zhonghua tszyhay" iqukethe ezingaphezu kuka-85 eziyinkulungwane. Logograms), iningi lazo zitholakala kuphela imibhalo zomlando akucacile noma nekupeleka esho izwi elifanayo. isichazamazwi elikhulu ngokuvamile iqukethe izinkulungwane. 40 Izimpawu kanye ufunde amaphephandaba kwanele ukwazi ayizinkulungwane 2-3. Izimpawu.

Ngakho, impendulo yombuzo izinhlamvu eziningi kanjani ngolimi lwesiShayina, kuye yizo zonke izinto. Uma usebenzisa indlela esetshenziswa eChina, isibalo sabo sincane engase olungenamkhawulo, kanye nenani kungenzeka ukupela bzgranichno, izindlela kanye ucingo okwenziwe amaphutha okuthaypha.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kukhona imixhantela eminingi Chinese, ulimi ebhalwe kuyindlela evamile yokuxhumana. Ngisho noma abantu abaqondi ukuba izakhamuzi nezinye izifundazwe, bayakwazi "ukukhuluma" nge ipeni nephepha. ngokubhala Chinese zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu: Esenziwe Lula, beNdabuko Ifonetiki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona futhi ifomu ebizwa ngokuthi "Pinin", emelela umbhalo Chinese izincwadi Latin.

IsiShayina Alfabhethi

IsiShayina isimiso sokubhala ayinakho zamagama eyayakhiwa izimpawu yokudlulisela amayunithi umsindo, noma phonemes. Kunalokho, liqukethe iqoqo izimpawu noma ama-logo, okuyizo amayunithi incazelo noma morpheme (isb. E. izwi). Njengoba nganoma ngaluphi ulimi, ngesiShayina kunezinkulungwane amazwi. Ngakho-ke, le ndlela yokubhala kudinga izinkulungwane izimpawu ukumela ngamunye morpheme sabo esiyingqayizivele.

Lapho ebhalela izinhlamvu ezahlukene ngokusebenzisa "zamagama" zolimi lwe-Chinese, ehlanganisa 12 izici ezibonwayo eziyisisekelo. Ezinye izinhlamvu aqukethe imigqa elilodwa noma amabili kuphela, kuyilapho abanye bengase kuze kube 84. Nakuba igebe phakathi izinhlamvu Chinese singanikezwanga, njengoba kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ukuphela kwalesi simiso lokubhala XIX leminyaka kwenezelwa oluyisisekelo izimpawu zokubhala. Ngokwesibonelo, imibuthano eziyize kwasho ukuphela imisho, njengoba ukhefana, isibabazo futhi bomabuta.

amazwi Chinese, izinhlamvu ekuqaleni ukuboniswa abantu, izilwane noma izinto, kodwa phakathi namakhulu eminyaka kwaya kuba eliqoshiwe kanye ayisekho zifane ngabantu abamelelwa yizo. Nakuba zikhona emhlabeni 56 eyinkulungwane, iningi lazo awaziwa umfundi ejwayelekile -. Kuyadingeka ukuba bazi kufundza kuphela 3,000 wabo. Mhlawumbe lesi sibalo kukholakale ukuphendula nje umbuzo, bangaki izinhlamvu Chinese.

logograms lula

Inkinga wokuqeqesha izinkulungwane zezinhlamvu ngo-1956 kwaholela eqinisweni ukuthi umbhalo balingisi Chinese lwase lwenziwa lula. Ngenxa yalokho, cishe 2,000 logograms sekulula ukufunda nokubhala. Basuke ezifundiswa isiMandarin saseChina amakilasi phesheya. Letimphawu nguleti okulula, isb ngaphansi kukhona izici ezibonwayo kuka ezivamile.

izinhlamvu Esenziwe Lula ikhona amakhulu eminyaka, kodwa ngokusemthethweni kufakwe isikripthi kuphela ngemva kokusungulwa PRC ngo-1950, ukwandisa ekwati sabantu. logograms Esenziwe Lula isebenzisa ethandwa phephandaba "Abantu sika Daily", asetshenziselwa kule imibhalo isiqophi izindaba. Nokho, abantu abangekho ebhalwe kahle, kungase kwenzeke singazi ukuthi version bendabuko.

Lolu hlelo indinganiso eChina (ngaphandle-Hong Kong) kanye Singapore, futhi Traditional Chinese uyaqhubeka ukuba indinganiso Hong Kong, i-Taiwan, Macau, Malaysia, Korea, eJapan nakwamanye amazwe.

ngokubhala ifonotiki

Ukukhuluma Cantonese wadala uhlelo yabo izimpawu ifonotiki. Letimphawu asetshenziswa ngaphezu izinhlamvu Chinese, isibonelo, amahlaya noma ukuzijabulisa izingxenye nakomagazini. Ngokuvamile lezi zinhlamvu ayikwazi ukutholwa kwisichazamazwi. logograms lokungakahleleki asetshenziselwa ukudluliselwa Cantonese.

I-Pinyin

Bezama ukwenza sesiShayina eqondakalayo ukuba Western China bahlakulele "pinyin" uhlelo. Ukuze udlulisele amazwi lisebenzisa zamagama Latin. Ngo-1977, iziphathimandla zaseChina wenza yisicelo esisemthethweni sokucela ukuthi yeZizwe amagama izindawo ezindawo China usebenzisa pinyin uhlelo. I-Pinyin isetshenziswa labo zona zijwayele kwama-alfabhethi esiLatini futhi ukufunda ukukhuluma isiShayina.