Annunciation Monastery of Murom: isithombe, umlando

Idolobha laseMurom libhekwa njengenhliziyo ye-Orthodoxy yaseRussia. Izinkulungwane zezivakashi ziza lapha minyaka yonke hhayi nje kuphela ezweni lethu, kodwa nezivakashi zakwamanye amazwe ukujabulela isimo sokuhlanzeka nokuthula.

Namuhla sizokwenza uhambo oluhambelayo kwi-Monastery ye-Annunciation, eliseduze ne-Trinity Monastery. Uma kuqhathaniswa neyokugcina, i-Holy Annunciation Monastery e-Murom iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iyancipha. Insimu yayo incane, kodwa ihlanzekile futhi ihlotshiswe ngezimbali. Lapha kukhona isimo esimangalisayo sokuthula nokuthula.

I-Annunciation Monastery e-Murom: umlando

I-monastery yasungulwa yisimiso sika-Ivan the Terrible. Lokhu kwenzeka phakathi nekhulu le-XVI. Ngaphambilini kule sayithi kwakunguKhanhedrini Yase-Annunciation, lapho izintambo zezikhulu ezingcwele zikaMurom - uConstantine namadodana akhe uFédor noMichael zigcinwa. INkosi uConstantine ithole uMorey njengelifa futhi negama lakhe lixhunyaniswe kahle nomlando wokubhapathizwa kwabantu bakuleli dolobha.

KuTale of the Establishment of Christianity in Murom, okuyinto eyaqala ngekhulu le-16, kuthiwa abeZizwe, abenqaba ukwamukela ubuKristu, babulala ngokubulala indodana yendodana yenkosi, uMikhail, futhi beza emakamelweni akhe eduze. Kuzofika uConstant Constantine, owayengabamba izikhali ezandleni zakhe, njengoba izitha zilindele, kodwa isithonjana sikaMama kaNkulunkulu, kamuva owabizwa ngokuthi i-Muromskaya.

Isithombe ezandleni zesikhulu sagwetshiwe, futhi abahedeni bamangazwe ngalesi simangaliso esiyithandabuza ubuKristu. Labo abaphethe isidingo esidingekayo sokubhapathizwa kukaMurom Bishop Basil e-Oka. INkosana uConstantine namadodana akhe bahlonishwa ngo-1547 esontweni lesonto, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho babhekwa njengingcwele eMurom.

Ukuqhubeka kulokhu, kubonakala kucace ukuthi kungani u-Ivan the Terrible, owathi ngaphambi komkhankaso odumile waseKazan wathandaza eMurom kulaba bangcwele, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba ukunqoba kulo mkhankaso wabiza ukusekelwa kwezindela endaweni ababezingcwatshwe kuyo.

Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuba khona kwayo, i-monasteri yayingavunyelwe izinzuzo zobukhosi: incwadi ka 1558, yathola umholo, kanye ne-grain rugu emikhumeleni yemikhumbi yaseMurom, iqoqo elikhulu lemishini yesonto eliyingqayizivele lathunyelwa eMoscow liya endlini yezindela, futhi usizo olukhulu lwemali oluvela emalini, Imizana embalwa yanikezwa.

I-Annunciation Cathedral

I-cathedral yayakhiwa esikhundleni sethempeli elidala elahlekelwa phansi. Phakathi nokuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo sezinkuni, i-Annunciation Monastery e-Murom yathola izinhlamvu zezikhulu ezingcwele. Esimweni sayo sokuqala, kuze kube yilolu suku, leli sonto alilondoloziwe, ngoba lakhiwa kabusha izikhathi eziningana futhi namuhla, ngeshwa, ekubukeni kwalo cishe lutho olufana nesakhiwo esakhiwa yi-Masters eMoscow ethunyelwe ngu-Ivan the Terrible.

I-Cathedral ye-Annunciation iphakama ngendiza enkulu, futhi i-rectangle isolwe ukusuka eningizimu kuya enyakatho. Lesi sakhiwo sivame kakhulu ezakhiweni zenkolo zekhulu le-XVI. Imininingwane yokwakha ye-cathedral iseduze nendawo yokwakha yaseMoscow. I-cathedral ibonakala ngokulinganisela okukhulu kanye namafomu aqinile. Isakhiwo sihlukaniswe ngokuzenzekelayo ngama-blade-pilasters angama-3. Isisekelo samadubhu siyi-cornice ephezulu nge-denticles. Kokoshniki sincike kuma-pilasters.

Izindonga ze-Annunciation Cathedral zakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezakhiwe ngamafenisha amafasitela ahlukene: umqhele wama-dentate noma kokoshnikom ewusizo. Amakholomu wamagqabha angamabhande amele ahluke ngamacilisi nembala. Imininingwane yokwakha ye-cathedral inokufana kakhulu nezikhumbuzo zendabuko yaseMurom, kanye nezibonelo zokwakhiwa kweMoscow kwekhulu le-XVII. Noma kunjalo, amathempeli aseMurom ngokwemvelo yamaphethini ahlanganisa iqembu elihlukile, elikhethekile emlandweni wezakhiwo zobuRussia.

Ngenhlonipho yezakhiwo, ubuqhawe beseningizimu bungabhekwa njengento ehlukile. Ngenxa yobuningi obuqinile, olondolozwe kusukela ekhulwini le-XVII, ukwakheka okuphelele nokuvumelanisa kwadalwa lapha. Kukhona i-podklet, empeleni kuyisisekelo esinamandla, umnyango oqoshiwe yi-pilasters. Zisekelwa ngendwangu yokwakhiwa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ezingxenyeni ze-lateral kukhona amafasitela wefomu elihlanganisiwe eliqedile kwi-niches.

Phakathi nokuhlasela kwamabutho asePoland-Lithuania asePan Lisovsky (1616) i-monasteri yahlupheka kakhulu. I-cathedral yayibhujiswe kabi futhi yaphangwa. Ngemuva kwempi nokudideka, i-monasteri yaqala ukwakha kabusha ngokushesha, futhi futhi ayizange iyenze ngaphandle kwenkosi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindlela eziyinhloko zokwakha kabusha i-cathedral kanye nezindlu zezindela zahlonywa ngumthengisi weTrombet uThansnov Tsvetnov, owayesemkhawulweni wokuphila kwakhe e-monasteri wathatha isisindo, esewutholile igama elithi Tikhon. Lapha wangcwatshwa.

Nakuba i-cathedral inendaba eyodwa, ngenxa yemigqa emibili yamafasitela, yenza umqondo ongavamile ukuthi uyinhloko emibili. Le nqubo ezithakazelisayo yayisetshenziswa ezakhiweni eziningi zethempeli zekhulu le-16 nele-17.

Ukubuyisela

Ngo-1664 i-cathedral eyinhloko ye-Holy Annunciation Monastery e-Murom yakhiwa kabusha: kusukela esakhiweni sangaphambili, i-podklet yashiya kuphela. Namuhla yakha isakhiwo esihlotshiswe ngendlela emangalisayo ngesitayela se-Russian trimmings, esinamahluko amahlanu, imigqa ye-kokoshniks, ekhonjiwe ne-quadrangle, isango elihle yetende kanye nensimbi yebell.

UTarasy Tsvetnova ufake iwashi kuye. Ekuqaleni, izinhloko zethempeli zazinesigqoko sokuzivivinya, kodwa kamuva zenziwa i-bulbous. Izindonga zihlotshiswe ngemidwebo emangalisayo - eziqoshwe ngamacembe, ama-semicolumns, amabhande amakhanda.

I-iconostasis

E-Annunciation Monastery yaseMurom, ngokuqondile, ekamelweni eliphakeme legama elifanayo, kukhona i-iconostasis emangalisa eyisithupha, ebulawa ngesitayela seBaroque. Yayifakwa enkundleni yamahholo ngo-1797 futhi, mhlawumbe, yayilondolozwe kuphela ngoba ezikhathini zaseSoviet ibandla lalingavaliwe. Kulo, izimpawu eziyingqayizivele zamakhulu e-16th-18 zalondolozwa.

Ihambelana ngokugcwele ne-iconostasis nangaphakathi kwendawo yamasonto: i-portal ekhangayo ehlobisa umnyango nompheme, iyamangaza ngezindwangu ezihlukahlukene. Ngemuva kokuchithwa kweLithuania kweNdlovukazi yase-Annunciation e-Murom, kuphela leli khathi lesonto lasala ngamatshe. Ngo-1652 kulezi zincwadi kukhona irekhodi lesonto lamatshe likaJohane uMfundisi wezeMfundiso yenkolo, elingasindanga kuze kube yizinsuku zethu. Ezinye izakhiwo zahlala zikhuni.

Stephanie Church

Esinye isakhiwo setshe sanezelwa kwiNgcwelengcwele ye-Annunciation yaseMurom ngo-1716. Baba esontweni lesango likaStefanievskaya. Usuku oluqondile lokwakhiwa kwalo ngabanye ochwepheshe lubuzwa, ngoba ku-inventory ephathelene no-1678 sekushiwo kakade isonto lamatshe, cishe uStefanievskaya.

Ihlukaniswa ngento elula kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo izakhiwo ezinhle: i-quadrangle ihlotshiswe ngomugqa owodwa we-kokoshniks, kanti isigubhu, esitholakala ngaphansi kwesigubhu esisodwa, sihlotshiswe ngokudweba okuhle kakhulu. Konke okulethempelini kukukhumbuza amasiko okwakhiwa kwamasonto aseMurom avela ekhulwini le-17. Naphezu kwezinguquko ezenziwe ngekhulu le-XIX, ithempeli alizange lilahlekelwe ukubukeka kwalo ekuqaleni.

Ngo-1811, eMonastery yase-Annunciation eMurom yayizungezwe ucingo lwamatshe ngemibhoshongo. Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo, isonto lesango lavuselelwa.

Amathempeli aseMoscow

Phakathi nempi nebutho laseNapoleon, ama-shrines avela eMoscow ayelethwa e-Annunciation Monastery yaseMurom. Lawa kwakuyizimpawu zikaMama kaNkulunkulu wase-Iberia noVladimiya. Babegcinwa ematendeni, bese bethunyelwa eVladimir. Kwakungekho amathempeli amatshe e-Annunciation Monastery yaseMurom. Ngo-1828 kuphela kwakhiwa iseli, futhi ngo-1900 - indlu yakhiwa i-hegumen.

I-Monasteri ngenkathi yamaSoviet

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, i-monasteri, njengezikhulu zezakhiwo zenkolo, ivaliwe, abazalwane bathuthela ukuhlala emadolobheni, kodwa, ngokumangalisa, iCathhedral of the Annunciation yaqhubeka isebenza ngokuqinile: izinkonzo zokukhulekela zazilokhu zigcinwe lapho.

Ngomnyaka we-1923, umdlavuza watholakala ngeenhloko zeenkosana ze-Murom. Ngemva kwalokho, badluliselwa emnyuziyamu, njengemikhonyovu. I-cathedral yavalwa ngo-1940, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside - kwaze kwaba ngo-1942.

Ukubuya kwe-ROC

Ngo-1989, iziqu ezingcwele zabuyiselwa esontweni, futhi ngo-1991 i-monasteri yaseBlagoveshchensky e-Murom iphinda yaqala ukuphila impilo elinganisiwe. Ikheli layo liyi-st. I-Krasnoarmeyskaya, 16. Namuhla ivakashelwe izakhamuzi eziningi nabahambeli ukukhonza izindawo ezingcwele ezigcinwe lapha.

Zihlanganisa:

• I-Cancer enezinhlamvu zezikhulu zikaConstantine, uFedor noMichael waseMurom.
• Isibonakaliso sezikhulu ezingcwele zikaMurom.
• Isibonakaliso sika-Eliya waseMurom.
• Icon of Saints Peter noFevronia.
• Isithonjana se-Iveron se-Virgin.
• Icon of the Sign of the Mother of God.
• Icon of Nicholas the Wonderworker.

Icon of the Mother of God Iberia

Lesi sithonjana sibhekwa njengokuyisimangaliso. Itholakala eKathedral ye-Annunciation Monastery e-Murom. Isithonjana sisesandleni esifanele sethempeli, eduze kwefasitela, eduze kwe-altare elifanele. Lesi sithombe ikhophi yesithonjana se-Athos sikaMama kaNkulunkulu, esaziwa emhlabeni jikelele kumaKrestu emhlabeni wonke, kanye nohlu olusuka kwisithonjana se-Iberia, esanikelwa kwi-monastery ngo-1812. AbaPilgri bathi lesi sithonjana sinamandla amakhulu nobuhle.

Ngaphansi kwengilazi kukhona imihlobiso eminingi yegolide nesiliva, lapho abantu babonga khona uMama kaNkulunkulu ngokugcwaliseka okusheshayo nokuhle kwezicelo ezenziwe emithandazweni. Eceleni kwalesi sithonjana kukhona enye indawo engcwele - isithombe sika-Ilya waseMurom kanye nengxenye yezinto zakhe ezihlotshisiwe. Lesi sithonjana sanikelwe eMonastery yase-Annunciation e-Murom yizindela ze-Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Emaphandleni ayo kukhona hero Russian.

Indawo yokungcwaba yezindela

Emkhakheni weNdlovukazi Yase-Annunciation eMurom, kuze kube namuhla, ukugujwa kwasekuqaleni kuye kwagcinwa: ingcwaba lenye yeziqephu zokuqala zezindwendwe, i-Archimandrite Alexis, ezweni likaAndrei Polisadov, umkhulu-mbongi wendlovukazi odumile u-Andrei Voznesensky, owazinikeza inkondlo yakhe "u-Andrey Polisadov".

Engxenyeni ye-Holy Annunciation Monastery kunenye indawo engcwele, evame ukuvakashelwa yizihambi - ithuna lomdala u-Apollonius. Namuhla, endaweni yokungcwatshwa kwakhe, kwakhiwa isonto, lapho abagibeli bekhuleka khona ukuphumula komphefumulo womdala. Baqiniseka ukuthi u-Apollonius uyazizwa kahle, ngakho-ke ugcwalisa ngokushesha izicelo ezibhekiswe kuye.

I-Annunciation Monastery e-Murom: isimiso semisebenzi

Nsuku zonke

• Ukuqala kwekamu leMidnight Night kuyinto 5.30.
• Imithandazo yasekuseni - 6.00.
• Kusihlwa ku-20.00.
• Umthandazo wephupho elizayo - 20.40.

NgoLwesibili

• I-Moleben ne-Akathist kuMonk Lazar waseMurom-isisebenzi-12.40.

NgoLwesihlanu

• I-Moleben ngaphambi kwesithonjana "Vsezaritsa" (mayelana nokuhlupheka nokucindezeleka) - 12.30.

NgoMgqibelo

• Isevisi yeSikhumbuzo (ukukhumbula abafileyo) - 10.00.
• Isevisi yasentambama ingu-16.00.

NgeSonto

• I-Divine Liturgy ingu-9.30.
• I-Moleben yamanzi - 12.30.

Kubalulekile ukucacisa isimiso sezinsizakalo zaphezulu ngesikhathi samaholide eMnothonast Monastery yaseMurom. Amasevisi wezinsizakalo zolwazi asebhusayithi esemthethweni. Sithemba ukuthi uma ulawula ukuvakashela le ndlu yaseMurom, uzothola injabulo yangempela ekuphumeni.