Apricot esifundeni esise-Ural: ukutshala nokunakekela

Akulula ukuthola izithelo namanzi futhi elimnandi izinkuni eningizimu, efana ibhilikotsi, esifundeni esise-Ural. Growing kuye ezimweni ezinzima zezulu kudinga ukuhambisana eziningi imithetho ehambisana ngqo nensiza.

Izici kulinywe

Isikhathi se-i ibhilikotsi esifundeni Ural kunalokho esifushane futhi ingeqi iminyaka engu-20. Kulezi elikhiqizayo fruiting inkathi kuze kufike kwesigamu kwalesi sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ukugeleza wonyaka izithelo solar ewela uyisabelo lapho bekhula amabhilikosi, ngezikhathi ukugxilisa izihlahla ezintsha. Akuwona wonke izinhlobo bayakwazi ukumelana ezibandayo zasebusika lapho okushisa ukufinyelela degrees 30-40.

Indawo umhlaba kufanele kukhethwe salokhu amasiko thermophilic libalele, ongenakuwufinyelela yemimoya ebandayo enyakatho. Khona-ke, ngokunakekela kahle anganika ezinhle sokuvuna amabhilikosi esifundeni esise-Ural.

Ibanga kubo Kufanele kukhethwe izici ngokufanele zezulu yesifunda. Apricot ayenzelwe ukuba inhlabathi nenzalo okusezingeni eliphezulu. ikhule kumasayithi nobumba. Hhayi onjengaye kuphela inhlabathi ukukhanya sandy.

Ukukhethwa izithombo

Lokubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ikusasa lalowo isivuno inebanga izinga zokutshala impahla. Kungcono ukuthatha izithombo evuthiwe onyakeni wokuqala sokukhula. Ukunakwa kufanele ikhokhwe ngesikhathi abakuzuzile ukungabi khona ameva, okuyizinto eyinqaba kunezinhlobo zasendle ekhula kuphela.

Amagatsha kutshalwa zilwane kumele kube obukhulu njalo, nge spike encane kwakhiwa okuyinto endaweni inoculation. Ungathathi izitshalo nge izimpawu okokuqandisa kohlelo impande noma omisiwe zasemoyeni ingxenye. Amathuba ukuthi izitshalo ezifana imile izimpande, cishe ngoba wawungekho.

zokutshala

Ngokuvamile kwenziwa okutshalwe ibhilikotsi esifundeni esise-Ural entwasahlobo, kuyilapho ngesikhathi sasehlobo isikhathi kwakunezigqiki ezithambile ngokuqina futhi kangcono ebusika. Ezinconyiwe zokutshala imbobo bemba ekwindla, ukuze inhlabathi iye ixazululwe. Ubukhulu bayo kumele kube yokuthi uhlelo impande izithombo ingena kalula ngokuvamile ukwenza ukujula nguhhafu imitha, futhi ubukhulu - hhayi amasentimitha ngaphansi kuka-70.

Apricot isitshalo esifundeni esise-Ural (ezikhulayo kutuswa nokuqalisa nazo zonke izidingo edingekayo) kumele, abagcina ibanga phakathi izithombo kwamamitha okungenani ezinhlanu. Ingxube inhlabathi kufanele libe izingxenye eziningana. Kuyinto, njengoba umthetho, Peat, ubumba, isihlabathi nge umquba kancane nofulawa lime. Umbono omuhle ukuze ungeze nenye superphosphate nomlotha (500 g no 2 kg, ngokulandelana).

Maphakathi ukufika umgodi isikhonkwane okhandwe ngesando adingekayo garter izihlahla esizayo emhlabeni owathela indunduma umhlabathi ukuxubana. Ngaphambi ukuthi ungqimba amanzi liyadingeka ukuze kulingane, njengokuthi imaphi zingaba amatshe noma amatshe amancane. Khona-ke lo yisithombo ibekwa womgodi futhi izimpande zakhe waqonda ngokucophelela futhi embozwe umhlaba. Oku ngaphambi kokutshala nabo enhlabathini bacwilisa Mash. Umsuka collar akufanele kube kakhulu uwugqibe okufanele abe ngaphezu ezingeni inhlabathi cishe 4 ngamasentimitha. Plant uthayi futhi kanjani uthele amanzi azungeze.

Ukunakekela ibhilikotsi

Esifundeni esise-Ural, it has umehluko omkhulu. Qala ukuze anakekele izithombo abasha kuyadingeka kusukela ngosuku lokuqala zokutshala. Spring ncibilika kuyinto inkathi eyingozi kakhulu izitshalo. Lapho encibilika esiningi iqhwa izikhukhula kungenzeka collar impande, okungase kubangele ke podoprevanie phila ekugcineni kuya ekufeni izihlahla. Ngakho-ke, ukunakekelwa kuhlanganisa saziso mulching inhlabathi kanye ukususwa kwamanzi ngokweqile.

Kamuva ibhilikotsi azidingayo ukuthambisa esifike ngesikhathi, efaka umquba futhi izihlahla. Kuyinto nesomiso ukumelana isitshalo akudingi amanzi amaningi. Okuningi ukuthambisa njalo iyadingeka ngesikhathi wokubopha kanye nokuvuthwa we izithelo kuphela.

top-sigqoka

Kuye yobudala zalisa amabhilikosi esifundeni esise-Ural. Growing ngaphandle kokwenza ukusuthisa kungenzeki kule zoni sezulu, kodwa ngokweqile zabo ungaba nethonya elibi endleleni ukuthuthukiswa isitshalo. Encishisiwe ukumelana nezifo, okwehlisa izithelo yokuvuthwa inqubo, futhi kukhona ukukhula okusheshayo amahlumela.

Lapho kokufinyelela eminyakeni ewu izitshalo ezimbili ezidinga kufika ku-15 kg Umanyolo eziphilayo ne ukwengeza superphosphate (130 g), ammonium nitrate (50 g) no-potassium chloride (50 g). Ukuze izitshalo, ogama yobudala engu-4-5, inani lezi zingxenye kumele kunyuke ngo izikhathi 2 iminyaka 8 - izikhathi 3, futhi umphumela ngakho kuzuzisa kakhulu ku ibhilikotsi potassium, okwandisa umkhiqizo, ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi ukunambitheka izithelo ezithinta .. ubungako bawo.

umsebenzi kwesizini

Zokutshala amabhilikosi Urals kudinga imisebenzi ethile ezihlobene ukunakekelwa zezitshalo, okuyinto incike isikhathi sonyaka. Ekwindla yalesi sihlahla ukushisa-onothando kumelwe akulungele frost, ukudala izimo ezifanele ubusika. Uma loku kungentiwa, lesi sitshalo angase afe. Zophahla wazizwa noma itiyela iphepha laqina isihlahla, ukulungisa wire noma intambo. Lokhu "elingenamikhono" ivikela izitshalo kusuka ebusika okushisa futhi yesithwathwa ezinzima.

Ngemva lokuqoqa Ezansi isiqu isivuno kuyadingeka ukuze Blanch emthini akubi indawo izinambuzane ubusika. ngomcako Oku-ebusika kuqinisekisa ukuthi uqweqwe akusho ehlala Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinambuzane.

izihlahla

Ukutshala amabhilikosi esifundeni esise-Ural, izinhlobo ezinikeza ezithela eliphezulu kulezi izimo, akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ahlabayo. Le nqubo Kwenziwa entwasahlobo. Amagatsha ezikhulayo ngaphakathi umqhele ziyasuswa.

Izihlahla okuqinisekisa ukukhula ezinhle amahlumela, okuyinto abe okuzala ephakeme. Kuyinto bakha ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi amabhilikosi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukususa ingozi ngokweqile esihlahleni. Izihlahla ikuvumela ukulungisa futhi sibe endaweni efanele ukuze ugweme isihlahla omkhulu liye landa lisuka kwabangu nedlanzana izithelo uchonywe.

Ngokuvamile, ifomu umqhele ayingcosana-uhlobo ngodobo lapho amagatsha zitholakala ngezikhawu 35-40 cm. I fruiting obuningi kakhulu ivuliwe amahlumela, okuyinto eminyakeni 2-3. amagatsha Old Kunconywa isikhathi ukususa. Kodwa izihlahla olunzulu kakhulu akufanele bazibandakanye. Lokhu kungaholela ezithela aphansi.

izintwala

Kukhona izinambuzane eziningi ezingathinta ibhilikotsi. Esifundeni esise-Ural, ukutshala lolu esihlahleni, futhi, ngeke akwenze ngaphandle kwabo. The main wabo - aphid okungakwenza buthaka nezitshalo ziyafa izitshalo. Ukuze ulwe inkathazo by sishaye kwesihlahla ugwayi akhiphe dandelion nomlotha. Kodwa kuba esebenza kahle kakhulu kangakanani ukuba yokuhlanza mechanical.

Caterpillar Butterfly Aporia Crataegi - omunye izinambuzane, zixazulula ku amabhilikosi.

Ukubukeka esiyingozi kakhulu isitshalo borers abamnyama. eyodwa kuphela isibungu kwalesi sinambuzane, okuyinto ezikwazi ukuhlaba zingene ohlelweni impande okwaziyo ukubhubhisa wonke esihlahleni. Indlela eyinhloko zokubhekana nayo - is sishaye izitshalo nge Bordeaux liquid. Inqubo kwenziwa ekwindla, lapho amahlamvu ayehla.

isifo

Kufanele kube kuhle ukuhlola konke kungenzeka izifo isitshalo nezindlela zokuzivikela phambi ibhilikotsi isitshalo. Spring ku Ural zenzeka ngokuzumayo lokushisa ezihlukile, okwenza lezi zihlahla singangena kakhulu izifo ezihlukahlukene kubangelwa isikhunta namagciwane. Okuvame kakhulu wabo - moniliosis. Caught on izimbali Amagciwane yalesi yi isifo omiswe yayo up, futhi saqhubekela ku amagatsha hit zonke amahlumela. Uma isikhathi engathathi sinyathelo, ungalahlekelwa ku-80% we-isivuno. Zonke izithelo itheleleke nezinye izingxenye zalesi sihlahla kufanele kususwe ngokushesha futhi Bordeaux fafaza ukhuni ketshezi.

isifo ezingengaphansi esiyingozi - klyastkerosporioz (ukubeka amabala perforated). Okokuqala, amahlamvu avele izindawo ezincane nge umphetho onsomi emaphethelweni, okuyinto kancane kancane siguqulelwa umgodi. On izithelo ezifana izindawo yakha yoqweqwe notwayi. Ukuze ukwelashwa futhi usebenzise Bordeaux ingxube, kufafazwe efihlekile zigcwala entwasahlobo kanye namagatsha esihlahla ngemva defoliation ekwindla.

Verticillium fehleka kungaholela omiswe wonke esihlahleni. amahlamvu Lower phuzi futhi ewa futhi hit umhlabathi, ukuthelela isitshalo izimpande.

Noma yimuphi sifo kulula ukuze kuvinjelwe, ngakho kufanele ngonanzelelo zokuvimbela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele bashise zonke plant izingxenye itheleleke ukwenza isamba elanele nitrogen Umanyolo, futhi ugweme inhlabathi amanzi.

Ukuqaphela yonke imithetho lwendlela yokulima futhi wobungane ngokucophelela singene emanzini izihlahla ukusiza sikhathi, ngokuvamile, kulula ukuthola elangempela enempilo esifundeni esise-Ural. Growing, izithombe izimila ezilimele, nezindlela ukwelashwa, izihlahla efanele - konke lokhu kufanele kucatjangwe ngako ngekucophelela ukuze sokuvuna okwengeziwe kungaletha imizwelo eyakhayo kuphela.

Podoprevanie impande collar

Nge ukufika kwentwasahlobo ubonakele phezu kwamanzi umhlabathi ke umnkantsha, bese incibilikiswa futhi, kudala ukufa cambium amaseli. isihlahla Podoprevshey nge impande entanyeni kungaba ngenkuthalo eziqhakaza, kodwa ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, kancane uyafa. Lona yimbangela ejwayelekile kakhulu Urals ibhilikotsi ukufa.

Ukuvimbela podoprevaniya, kakade emva iqhwa lokuqala wenziwa umsebenzi kudingekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lokwela iqhwa kusukela empandeni collar 20-30 cm, ukuze umhlaba yavalwa. Frost uhlelo ibhilikotsi impande uzinzile ngempela. Ngo-March le nqubo iyaphindwa, eminye prokapyvaya inkatho kokususa amanzi ncibilika.

izinhlobonhlobo letiphakanyisiwe amabhilikosi

Esimeni semakhaya Urals kungcono ukusebenzisa yokutshala izinhlobo elalihloselwe ngokukhethekile kule ndawo. Lapho ukutshala ezimbalwa adinga khona impova endaweni kwesihlahla lomunye ezihlukahlukene. Kichiginsky, Spicy, Snezhinsk - the amabhilikosi edume kakhulu esifundeni esise-Ural eningizimu. Ifanele ezikhulayo sikhula kahle ezindaweni ezibandayo Ngaphezu nabo, kukhona ezinye izinhlobo.

Ziyakwazi ukumelana okushisa aphansi, ehlobo iDemo hhayi ukuvimbela ukuguga izithelo ukuthi ukunambitha akuyona okuningi ukuhluka nozakwabo eningizimu.

• Amur - winterhardy nezinhlobonhlobo nesomiso ukumelana ezithela eliphezulu, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi ifinyelela 40 kg. Izithelo enesisindo 30 g embozwe segolide isikhumba ophuzi. Isihlahla of ukuphakama medium, nge round ukuma.
• EKhabarovsk - isihlahla enomqhele esakaza, isivuno impela high (kufika ku 35 kg). Izithelo nge ugodo isikhumba ophuzi nenyama nombala ofanayo uvuthwe ngasekupheleni July-ekuqaleni kuka-August.
• USeraphim - akunika ezithela njalo mayelana 30 kg, yokuvuthwa ngasekupheleni July. Lena ngenye yama-izinhlobo zokuqala. Inyama izithelo ukhilimu, ukunambitheka omuncu-sweet.

Lona ibhilikotsi ethandwa kakhulu esifundeni esise-Ural. Izinhlobonhlobo Minusinsk Minusinsk kanye amber ebomvana neyaziwayo njengoba iningi ebusika-eziqinile. Hhayi kunabayeni nabo laseSiberia Baikalova.

Zonke izinhlobo ngenhla ziye ihlolwe futhi Kunconywa yokutshala esifundeni Ural.