Arles, France: incazelo, ezikhangayo

Arles City - enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu e Provence (France). It ithatha indawo 758 km² ku-delta we Rhône, nje entshonalanga Marseille. Umuzi waziwa kumasayithi bayo basendulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivakashi eziningi lapha kusho ithuba ukuba abone umuzi ayephila kuso futhi wasebenza kakhulu Van Gogh.

Kusukela umlando edolobheni

Endulo lesi edolobheni eFrance ngokuthi ehlukile - Arelate. Izakhamuzi lokuqala okwakukhona Ligurians. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umuzi waphenduka port zokuhweba, okuyinto kamuva (123 BC. E.) AmaRoma waqhubeka. Ngemva ukwakhiwa emseleni, okuyinto exhumene edolobheni lubhekisele oLwandle iMedithera, Arelate baba isiphetho osendaweni ezibalulekile, nakuba namanje kunabayeni Massilia (namuhla Marseille), esisogwini olusentshonalanga.

Ngesikhathi sempi kaKhesari emelene uPompey, uKhesari wathatha ohlangothini izakhamuzi, ngubani, ngemuva kunqoba amalungelo Arelate eziningi. Esikhathini muzi kwakukhona ekamu yesifunda lesithupha ikoloni Veterans. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Arles zamanje waba isikhungo zenkolo namasiko ebalulekile Narbonne eGaul - isifundazwe saseRoma. Ngakho waqala ekusakazekeni kobuKristu eGaul.

Ngekhulu lesi-IV-V uMbusi uConstantine Ngazakhela in the okugeza. Kungakabiphi wayeseqhuba kuzalwa indodana yakhe - Constantine II. Ekhulwini VI we amaVisigoth enqoba bawenza incithakalo umuzi, kwathi ngo-739 amandla Arelate wadlulela Arabhu. Nge 934 ka Arles e 1032 waba inhloko-dolobha Yombuso Arles. Umuzi elahlekile uzibuse zezombusazwe e 1239 futhi lebhalwe County Provencal, ukulahlekelwa ukubaluleka ichweba elikhulu Marseille.

Kusukela 1481 uMkhandlu uyingxenye ingxenye yeFrance. Arles umnotho zabhuntsha ngasekupheleni xv khulu leminyaka, futhi kwaba elinye lamadolobha yesifundazwe, eningizimu yeFrance. Namuhla elaliyisikhungo esibalulekile kwezezimboni nakwezolimo France. Kukhona iminyuziyamu eminingi, ezikhangayo emlandweni futhi yokwakha, eziningi zazo afakiwe ohlwini nakumasiko by UNESCO. Ukuze ufunde kubo, kufanele uthathe uhambo oluya eningizimu yeFrance. Lapha kulapho ungajabulela ezikhumbuzo eliyingqayizivele futhi ujabulele emkhathini mlando.

Arles, France Izikhangibavakashi

Yini ephawulekayo kuleli dolobha? I South of France libhekene lukaKhisimusi kulezi zindawo lwekutfutfukisa - izindlu ezincane ethokomele eyakhiwe ngezitini elimhlophe okuyizinto ezingenawo embozwe tile obomvu, ne amafasitela blue - ngakho manje bheka omakhelwane of Arles. Phakathi kwezindlu ayaphuka ephahlwe esihlahleni-ngaphakathi, okuyinto njalo nice uphumule emabhentshini ukhululekile.

Futhi maphakathi komuzi nezakhiwo zasendulo saseRoma, okwakumnika abahambi eziningi Arles lahlotshaniswa.

yemidlalo

UPearl omunye ezikhangayo esiyinhloko ukuthi lokhu umuzi odume eFrance, kuyinto elivulekile lemidlalo lamaRoma. Abacwaningi bathi lakhiwa ngo-46 BC. Endulo kwaba enkundleni lapho Gladiator izimpi yayiqhutshelwa khona. Inkundla yemidlalo ukuthwala abantu izibukeli mayelana 25,000. Lapha sengathi yathathwa edume Hollywood ifilimu "Gladiator".

Esikhathini VI ekhulwini AD, inkundla yemidlalo aguqulwa - ke aphenduka uthango. Zonke nemengamo futhi emihubheni babekwa phezulu babe ticongotekulindza overbuilt. Ngaphakathi kwenqaba kukhona Izindlwana ezimbili nezindlu ezingu-200. Le nkundla eyinhloko endaweni emaphakathi.

Futhi kuphela ekhulwini XIX baqala ukubuyisela ukubukeka yokuqala nezakhiwo zasendulo. Namuhla-ke iwuphawu edolobheni, omunye ethandwa kakhulu futhi bavakashela izikhumbuzo zakhe. Lapha ukubeka opera premieres kanye siqhutshwa kabili Ukulwa Nezinkunzi ngonyaka.

lombhishobhi

Uma kwenzeke ukuvakashela eningizimu yeFrance, khona-ke mhlawumbe uyobe kusimangaze lenqwaba amathempeli namasonto kule ndawo elincane. Enye Luhambo edolobheni, okuyinto njalo wavakashela yizivakashi kuyinto Cathedral of St Trofim.

Itholakala inhliziyo edolobheni, eduze kwamabhilidi wasendulo wamaRoma. Cathedral Arles (France), yakhiwa kulesi sizinda lapho kwakukhona khona isakhiwo ngaphezulu lasendulo - Cathedral St kukaStefanu (V leminyaka BC ..). Ngalezo zinsuku zakuqala ubuKristu e-Europe wawusavinjelwe, futhi Trofim ongcwele waba owokuqala umgqugquzeli ayo, umbhishobhi, futhi wadela ukuphila kwakhe - Trofim ngesihluku ngamatshe.

Umpristi, ukholo, abagcotshwa. izinsalela wakhe babelwa yebandla 1152, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo lombhishobhi iqanjwe kabusha. Kusukela ngo-1981, isonto lombhishobhi e Arles, wangena UNESCO. Ukuvuswa Kristu, iTestamente Elidala kanye umlando wokuphila emhlabeni noTrofimu ongcwele noStephen babe izihloko eyinhloko yesigodlo sokubhalisa.

yamathuna

Alyscamps - yamathuna Antique Roman, lapho bangcwaba khona izakhamuzi zasebukhosini. Iphinde wathola indawo yakhe yokuphumula sokugcina, kanye Trofim ongcwele. NgeNkathi Ephakathi izakhamuzi ocebile Arles uthanda Alyscamps kwaba indawo yabo yokugcina yokuphumula.

Kancane kancane ukwandisa emzini Arles, e XI-XIII kwekhulu, inani lezakhamuzi zalo lenyuka kakhulu. On emathuneni ubudala has amasonto amaningana ezincane, lapho amanxiwa nje zayo ezigcinwe namuhla. Ngekhulu XVIII Alyscamps yaphenduka evulekile air Museum. Kodwa ngo-1848 liyingxenye ujantshi sabekwa, okuyinto i- ubuqotho Ensemble.

Ngenxa yokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi edolobheni eFrance lehle kwelulwe kakhulu kwemingcele yayo, le yamathuna kwaba yezindawo emaphakathi komuzi. Namuhla, eyinkimbinkimbi Museum kuyinto alley, okuyinto anezinhlaka nhlangothi zombili we sarcophagi eziningi. It kuholela ibandla St Honoratus. Le ndawo ephefumulelwe emsebenzini Gauguin futhi Van Gogh, ngubani zaveza kuye emidwebweni yakhe.

Inkundla yamaRoma yemidlalo yaseshashalazini

Lesi sakhiwo endala kwedolobha Arles (France). Inkundla yamaRoma yemidlalo yaseshashalazini lakhiwa phakathi nokubusa koMbusi Awugustu. Wayephethe zihlalo 33 abaphuma, angazamukela izibukeli mayelana 8000. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, kodwa leyo ndawo yeshashalazi yaphenduka inkwali: zamatshe, walethwa LamaRoma Theatre, ugange lomuzi lakhiwa. Kusukela kususwa udonga lwangemuva khona endaweni yesigameko amakholomu ezimbalwa eziye zalondolozwa namuhla.

Iningi zobuciko okutholakele ngokukhipha archeologists yaseshashalazini namuhla kungabonakala edolobheni Art Museum kanye nayo Louvre. Ukuqopha Venus ka Arles, kanye ebaziwe kukankulunkulukazi uDiyana, esatholakala ngo-1651, ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto uyathola eyigugu kakhulu.

zokugeza ezishisayo

Lesi sakhiwo wena uyoncoma nakanjani ukuvakashela abantu bakuleli dolobha, uma ufika e Arles. France insimu yayo has izakhiwo eziningana ezifanayo, kodwa eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngokusho kongoti, kuba okungcono walondoloza wonke. Eligcwele Iziphethu Ezishisayo, onegama uMbusi uConstantine, ezakhiwa engxenyeni esenyakatho yedolobha. Ukuze izinsuku yethu eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye enkulukazi izakhiwo olufana Isigodlo esihle, kancane agcinwe.

Abbey Monmazhur

Lesi sakhiwo ephoqelela, elise 5 km ukusuka edolobheni Arles (France), etholakala entabeni enamadwala. Ngaphandle Abbey Monmazhur ufana inqaba. It elimiswe X leminyaka futhi kubhekwe eYurophu (Ephakathi), omunye avakashelwa pilgrimage amasayithi. Ezinye izindaba zika-zezindela esifundeni eyasungulwa izindela ababevela Abbey Monmazhur.

Ezikhathini zasendulo, esigodini akake, iye amanzi, kodwa akhanywa ngaphambi ukwakhiwa yesigodlo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII e abbey baraque ezakhiwa njengoba izindlu esakhiwa ekhulwini XII, yawa laphinde labhidlika. Ngo-1786 i-wesigodlo LaseRohan wabekwa icala ngendlela "umgexo" kanye abbey yavalwa, iningi izakhiwo zesonto zadliwa babaphuca iziphathimandla sabo enkabeni yedolobha bakhangisa ithengiswe.

iminyuziyamu

Kulomuzi French has ezindaweni eziningi ezithakazelisayo. Ungacabangi ukuthi kuphela izakhiwo sasendulo saseRoma ungase umangale Arles (France). Yini ukubona emzini, ngaphezu kwalezi izikhumbuzo? Sincoma emnyu- Arlatan, eyasungulwa ngo-1896 ngu-Nobel Peace Prize umbhali uFrederic Mistral. Itshe lesikhumbuzo kuye lamiswao endaweni Forum.

Museum ine iqoqo esihle imibhalo, imidwebo, izingubo nezinto ezithile abahlali Provence. Nansi ukuvela izingubo Arles izakhamuzi zonke izigaba zokuphila, kusukela ngekhulu XVIII ukuze kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Réattu

Ngo Arles Réattu qiniseka ukuthi uvakashela Museum, esemgwaqweni Isigodlo olunothile kwekhulu xv, phambi eside of Constantine. Iningi lo mbukiso zibukhali imidwebo XVIII eminyaka.

Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi izivakashi Museum uyawuthanda ebaziwe "Owesifazane Violin" by Picasso, kanye 57 imidwebo yakhe kwenziwe ipensela ezinemibala nangoyinki. Phakathi Clowns futhi abantu bifurcated ungabona emangalisayo ngamagama alula futhi okwakhe we-portrait kanina. Ukuze Museum Réattu welula kanye uchungechunge izibani ukuvakasha. It is owayethandwa kakhulu ukuhamba van Gogh.

Iningi kwaleli chibi nge bistro yalo nemigoqo ngesikhathi sempi (1942) labhujiswa. Airstrikes isisulu eJalimane lobuNazi nasemakamu waba "Yellow House", isendaweni Square Lamartine, lapho Van Gogh wahlala isikhathi eside.

Park we Camargue

abathandi Nature ungakwazi ukujabulela ubuhle National Park we Camargue. Lapha ungakwazi ukubuka indlela vivo ukuziphatha ngomusa pink Flamingo, amadada zasendle, Camargue amahhashi uhlobo olungavamile.

Lokhu epaki kuyokwenza enchant nawe nge uhlaza futhi ezihlukahlukene. Wena ngenjabulo nihambahambe ezindleleni zalo omnandi futhi ukuphefumula acwebile emoyeni.