Ubude kwebhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait akukakabi ncamashi ezaziwayo. Umlando, zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo kwebhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait

Design kwaleli bhuloho ogwini olusempumalanga zidlule iNhlonhlo Taman yonkana Kerch Strait uye kwashesha ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlanganiswa eCrimea ne Russia. Lapho kuhlangana entsha ezokuthutha uzobe wasungula, kuyoba ngqo ukuxhuma Krasnodar esifundeni kanye eCrimea. Ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka obubekelwe eceleni design futhi ucwaningo umsebenzi ukwakhiwa uqobo. Nakuba kungaziwa ukuthi kuyoba ubude kwebhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait. Mhlawumbe ephasishi ukuba ephakeme kunaleyo usayizi ofanayo yokwakhiwa 1944 izikhathi 2. Modern ibhuloho Ukunqamula kakhulu ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha esifundeni kanye nezolimo.

Ibhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait. izithombe iphrojekthi

Projects zokuthutha Ukunqamula zakhiwo ethulwa ochwepheshe Ministry of Transport we Russian Federation namalungu ikhomishana kweminyango. Enye ingqalasizinda entsha ezokuthutha eCrimea - ibhuloho ezimbili-level yonkana Kerch Strait - uzobe kuhlanganiswe (imigwaqo emikhulu nojantshi bezitimela). Lesi sinqumo se-ochwepheshe Ministry eleza ngemva kokuhlola zonke izinketho.

Abaklami ngikudalile amaphrojekthi 74 zehlukene izindleko, ubude imigwaqo. Phakathi kwabo kukhona okukhethwa kukho ukwakhiwa umhubhe kusukela amaphuzu eTuzla nezingulube. emkhakheni ibhuloho ochwepheshe ukwakhiwa kubhekwa wonke amathuba, kodwa waphawula ukuthi lo mhubhe kuyoba eqolo ngaphezu kwanoma ngebhuloho, futhi-ke kuyodingeka ukwakha ngaphezulu. Igama elithi ka ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho kuhlanganiswe yonkana strait - iminyaka 3.5. Kukhona izindlela zokuzivikela ukwakhiwa ezokuthutha ephasishi esuka ethekwini "eCaucasus" nezinye amaphuzu. Photo of omunye wemisebenzi kunikeza umbono walokho inhlanganisela ezimbili-level kwemigwaqo nojantshi bezitimela.

Amaphrojekthi ethembisayo

Ochwepheshe of the Ministry of Transport kanye kweminyango Commission ahlolisisa onke amaphrojekthi we elihlanganisa eCaucasus and eCrimea. I ethembisayo neyaziwayo 4 okuhlukile 74 sika. Yilowo nalowo uba obuphelele ezahlukene kwebhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait:

1. "Northern" - umzila Cape lantern futhi m engela Small obuphelele yayo 10.3 km ..
2. "Zhukovsky" - ibhuloho abasuka Zhukovka ukumkhafulela izingulube, ubude - 6.3 km.
3. "Yenikalsky" - ibhuloho emincane umgwaqo Strait of 5,7 km ubude.
4. "ETuzla" - ushintsho kusukela ezokuthutha m Ak-full ukuba eTuzla, ubude -11,7 Km..

zohlelo

Ekuqaleni, Ministry of Transport we Russian Federation umemezele inani lemali elincane eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-50. Ruble okudingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe umgwaqo noma ibhuloho phakathi Taman futhi Kerch nhlonhlo. UMongameli Russian uVladimir Putin wathi futhi wanezela umsebenzi: ukwakha ezokuthutha okuhlangana ezivamile (imigwaqo emikhulu nojantshi bezitimela).

I ezahlukeneyo izithasiselo yakha kwebhuloho umhubhe Strait phansi. Imali ephelele yale sonke isakhiwo bayocwengwa kwaze kwaba maphakathi nawo-ekwindla 2014, njengoba ubude ibhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait. Ngesikhathi kumele ligcwaliswe ubunjiniyela nokuthuthukiswa emsebenzini, okwakubekelwa ngempumelelo kwenziwe endaweni ukwakhiwa esizayo.

Ochwepheshe bezifo, ukwakhiwa izindleko ibhuloho kungaba idlule $ 300 billion. Ruble. Duzane bhiliyoni 84. Ruble we isamba uzobe esichithwa umsebenzi wokwenza amalungiselelo. Izindleko yephrojekthi kanye lonke inyuka ukwakhiwa njengoba ucwaningo izici engokwemvelo strait, oyiyo Geological nendawo eNhlonhlweni Kerch kwezinto umlando, amasiko nemivubukulo.

Ibhuloho ku Kerch Strait

Ibhuloho eTuzla khad. Ak-full akhethiwe Interministerial Commission, kufaka ukwakhiwa kojantshi kanye onguthelawayeka phezu kwalo. ithrekhi ezimbili wesitimela eyakhelwe kwindlela ezine onguthelawayeka ngeke wenziwe. Okulandelayo kwaloliwe emgqeni iya ngaphansi kwemoto, futhi eduze kwalo. ehlukile imigwaqo emikhulu nojantshi bezitimela yokuwela izokwakhiwa ku base ezilulazayo namathe. Endabeni ezokuthutha ukwakhiwa ephasishi kuphrojekthi "eTuzla" kuzodinga emfushane ujantshi umgwaqo zokungena (36 futhi 38 km ngokulandelana). Isici version, okubandakanya ukwakhiwa orbit ibhuloho eTuzla Amathe, - ukonga ukwakhiwa imigwaqo.

"ETuzla kukho"

ETuzla futhi edamini elise eningizimu strait, ku ebanzi isisulu saso. Ukwakhiwa kule ingxenye yephrojekthi sihluke kakhulu umzila oxhumanisa port "Kavkaz" ku empumalanga nasentshonalanga Chushka plait:

1. "ETuzla inketho" sihlinzekela ukwakhiwa ephasishi omude kunayo yonke. Ngokusho ubude project kwebhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait uyofinyelela 11.7 amakhilomitha.
2. endaweni izosetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa lonke sakhiwonchanti, kufaka ekhatsi emafektri kanye nezinye izikhungo.
3. It uzokwazi ukuvikela emiphumeleni emikhulu yokwemba yokungcwaba umSkithe izindunduma nezinye ezikhangayo sichichima ndawo.
4. Abakhi ngeke ukuzama ukugwema izici engavamile engokwemvelo Kerch futhi Peninsula Taman - udaka mlilo.

izici zemvelo Kerch Strait

Ukwakhiwa nezithuthi zomphakathi kuzoqala emva kokuphothulwa izifundo Geological, kwamanzi kanye nezinye endaweni ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho. izimo Tectonic kuthiwa inkimbinkimbi, okunomthelela lubonakale ku-ecosystem ine umsebenti wetemnotfo. umsebenzi Lohleliwe kumelwe akulimazi navigation nenhlanzi nomnotho Strait. Abaklami phrojekthi wazama cabanga eyisisekelo izici zemvelo nemibandela emzimbeni amanzi esasihlukanisa Taman kanye eCrimea. Kerch Strait (konke kwezinsuku ezingu-):

• umsuka - zomhlaba;
• Ubude - 45 km;
• ububanzi - kusuka 4.5 kuya ku-15 km;
• ukujula - 5-15 m;
• nephuzu Kerch Peninsula - m Ak-full ;.
• Krasnodar onqenqemeni nephuzu - m eTuzla ;.
• Climate - ngokulinganisela ezwekazini.

Kerch Strait - ezokuthutha lasendulo ephasishi

idolobha Kerch eyasungulwa abafuduki YesiGreki phakathi BC VI leminyaka. e. Lapha kutholakala Emanxiweni aleli dolobha lasendulo Panticapaeum - inhloko-dolobha Bosporan Kingdom. indawo Strait endulo yayibizwa ngokuthi Cimmerian Bosporus ukufana ne Bosphorus ephakathi kweBlack Sea futhi Aegean Sea (uLwandle iMedithera). Western strait ingxenye izona Kerchensky enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea (Tavridy). Ukuze empumalanga Peninsula Taman. Eduze Kerch wathola umSkithe yokungcwaba ezindundumeni, wemizi yasendulo, nezinqaba nezinye izikhumbuzo komlando namasiko.

Ukuxhumana phakathi emikhawulweni entshonalanga nasempumalanga kwakukhona ezikhathini zasendulo. Cimmerians ungase zikufice nemihlambi yabo angene emanzini angajulile, ohlanganisa uLwandle Azov futhi oLwandle Olumnyama. Ububanzi Kerch Strait ivumela abahwebi nabadobi ngezikebhe ukuwela. idolobha Kerch kufakwe UNESCO uhlu ifa njengoba insimu lapho Omkhulu Silk Road. Kerch isiteshi futhi yayiyingxenye komgwaqo, ngokuthi "Varangians kumaGreki". Ezansi atholakala ngokwengxenye kwamanzi edolobheni lasendulo ngesiGreki, babutha izingcezwana eziyizinsalela yempi yoMbuso WaseTurkey.

History of the bridge (1903-1953)

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, uhulumeni waseBrithani wayehlela ukwakha umzila wesitimela osuka eNgilandi uye eCrimea, ibhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait ukuvula indlela eCaucasus ukuba India. Ukuqaliswa iphrojekthi akazange Unemali eyanele. UMbusi uNicholas II futhi waphupha 1903 ukuthi isimo Russian ngeke ukwakha ibhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait phakathi Kerch futhi Taman, kodwa ukusebenza kohlelo lokulwa iphazanyiswe impi ngo-1914. Phakathi Omkhulu Patriotic neMpi, North-zaseCaucasia esifundeni kanye eCrimea babe yesehlakalo izimpi abanolaka ephakathi kweJalimane USSR. amabutho aseJalimane lakha ibhuloho pontoon yonkana Kerch Strait, kodwa sokudumisa yafuna ukwakha 5-ikhilomitha entwasahlobo unomphela ngo-1943.

Umqondo womuntu oyedwa ibhuloho umakhi German Alberta Shpeera abahlali amaNazi akazange abe nesikhathi asebenze. Ngemva ukuxoshwa amaNazi kusukela Taman kanye eCrimea Soviet onjiniyela savuka iphrojekthi isiJalimane, abakhi esetshenziswa metal izakhiwo kanye nemishini uyasala kanzima ngamaNazi. Ekupheleni kuka-April 1944 saqala kokufaka yinqwaba, futhi ekuqaleni kuka November of eCaucasus maqondana lowo nyaka waya engxenyeni yokuqala yesigodi ethi "eCrimea" esiteshini. Ngo-February 1945 kwebhuloho zigoqiwe ngaphansi ukucindezela emabhuloki ice ukuthi umoya namagagasi baqhutshwa kusukela eLwandle Azov. Ngo-1953 waqala ukusebenza isikebhe, uxhumanisa i-Taman futhi Kerch.

Ezinganeni Projects Ibhuloho

Ngemva kokuwa zase-USSR, Russia nase-Ukraine uye wasiphakamisela ngokuphindaphindiwe indaba nezithuthi zomphakathi ngokusebenzisa Kerch Strait. Kusukela ngo-1991 liye yasungula amaphrojekthi mayelana 20 engxoxweni wakhe ubuhanjelwe abongameli Ukraine neRussia. Ngo-2004, izikebhe ukukhonza umzila bathathelwe indawo, futhi izingxoxo uke wangena isigaba okwathatha isikhathi eside kangako. Lo msebenzi savuka ngo-2010, lapho-Ukraine yashintsha uhulumeni. Kwelinye nezethulo amenyezelwa ukwakhiwa nemingcele: ubude kwebhuloho - 4.2-4.5 km, ngezimali - ruble 24 bhiliyoni .. Ukuze Euro-2012 ezokuthutha ndima kwaba ukuxhuma eCaucasus and eCrimea, kodwa ukwakhiwa yayo lihlehliselwe futhi. Ibhuloho yonkana Kerch Strait bahlela ukwakha ngosuku olwandulela Sochi Olympic. Khona-ke Interstate Commission ukhethe emfushane "enyakatho" version (kusuka m. Lantern m. Encane Kut). Iphrojekthi kabashiyanga ephepheni.

Krasnodar esifundeni - eCrimea

Lapho edala kwebhuloho elisha ezosebenza owela akhona Strait of Kerch (port "eCaucasus" - "eCrimea" Imbobo). Isizini 2014 uthembisa ukuba "ashisayo." Ukuze uthole eCrimea sokuphumula, amaRashiya ojikelezayo ngesitimela Krasnodar noma Anapa. uqhubeke ngendlela ngebhasi echwebeni "Kavkaz", kulandele isikebhe baya echwebeni "eCrimea" kusukela inhloko-dolobha Kuban, noma ogwini Black Sea. Enye okufana ukulethwa abagibeli - by isikebhe kusuka Anapa ukuze imbobo Kerch.

Kerch Ibhuloho Ukubuka esikhathini esizayo

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, azikho izithiyo ukwakhiwa okuhlangana entsha ezokuthutha. ochwepheshe Russian emkhakheni yokwakheka komhlaba futhi Hydrology waqhuba izifundo ezidingekayo futhi yizilinganiso nogu Kerch Strait. Kukhethwa ikakhulu izinketho umzila, ebizwa nge "Zhukovsky" futhi "eTuzla". Lapho sihlola lezi amaphrojekthi acabangele izici eziningi, kuhlanganise ukulondolozwa esikhumbuzo loMfula Strait. Ibhuloho kuzoxhumanisa ezimbili yiholidi esifundeni abadinga ukuthuthukiswa. Umnotho, inhlonhlo ye-eCrimea wamukela kwalokho obalulekile ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha adingekayo ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza, izimbobo, ukuxhumana, ezokuvakasha nezolimo.