Autotrophs - kukhona eziphilayo ezingaba synthesize ndaba yabo organic

Kunamaqembu amaningi taxonomic yezinto eziphilayo. Izici ezihlukahlukene zisekelwe ngezigaba zabo. Omunye wabo - uhlobo amandla. Heterotrophs, autotrophs - kuyini? Impendulo itholakala esihlokweni.

Kukhona - ukuphila

Ukudla - omunye main izici eziphilayo eziphilayo. Izinqubo umzimba amandla ukuguqulwa, ukukhula nokuthuthuka azinakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuthola izakhamzimba. Abamele umbuso ngamunye nemvelo ngendlela yabo ingashintshwa ukuze sokulungiselela yabo.

Izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ukudla

Autotrophs futhi heterotrophs - lawa amaqembu ayinhloko eziphilayo ngohlobo ukudla. Eyokuqala yalezi kukhona izitshalo futhi cyanobacteria, kwesibili - izilwane kanye nesikhunta.

Heterotrophs ukwazi adle izinto uzilungiselele kuphela. Ziyakwazi organic (amaprotheni, lipids, ama-carbohydrate) kanye wezinto ezingaphili. Izibonelo yokugcina angasebenza nosawoti njengoba amaminerali. Ezilwaneni, ukuguqulwa zabo izakhiwo ezikhethekile yinkimbinkimbi ezahlukene kwenhlangano. Lenyama ezifana amoeba ciliate noma ube vacuoles wokugaya ukudla. Coelenterates amaseli Hydra banegama elifanayo. Ngo mollusk kanye eyisinambuzane babe avele izitho ezikhethekile. Kodwa ephelele kakhulu isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene - e ezincelisayo. Siqukethe hhayi kuphela indlela, kodwa nezindlala, enzyme ukuthi usizo wokuqhekeka molecule enkulu biopolymers. Asidingi lesi simiso, kuphela izibungu yisinanakazana. Bona bazihlanganise Amapayipi emathunjini bese ncela ukudla seyihleliwe.

Autotrophs: ukuthi kuyini

Uma sihumusha leli gama kusukela isiGreki, kulula ukuqonda ukuthi yini okuzoxoxwa ngayo. "Auto" kusho "self", "trofos" - "ukudla". Futhi ngempela, la magciwane ngokwabo ukukhiqiza bona izincwadi ezidingekayo.

Autotrophs - kukhona eziphilayo, asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla carbohydrate emisebeni yelanga. Kodwa izimo ezithile ezidingekayo ukuze okuvela kuyo le nqubo.

Ingqikithi ye-photosynthesis

Le nqubo ithatha indawo kuphela plastids oluhlaza - chloroplast, okuyinto banesibopho umbala ezifanele plant izitho ezithile. Imfuneko futhi khona ukukhanya, amanzi nesikhutha.

Izitshalo - lokhu autotrophs, okuyinto afeze eziyinkimbinkimbi zamakhemikhali ukuphendula. Kodwa umqondo ilula: ephuma emanzini futhi carbon dioxide kukhona glucose carbohydrate nomoya-mpilo. indima yabo zendalo ukuze overestimate nje engenakwenzeka. Ngemva autotrophs - kukhona eziphilayo ezenza kungenzeka inqubo emishinini yokuphefumula, futhi kungakho khona ukuqedwa kwakho konke okuphilayo emhlabeni.

Photosynthesis kuyinqubo kunalokho kuyinkimbinkimbi senzeka ngezigaba ezimbili. Eyokuqala senzeka ukukhanya, kwesibili - ebumnyameni, kodwa hhayi ngempela chloroplast amahlamvu oluhlaza. Carbon dioxide lingena kubo ngokusebenzisa emigodini isembozo indwangu, ababiziweyo stomata. Bangaphinde zenzeka kwezimila futhi transpiration - ukuhwamuka kwamanzi ebusweni simila.

Glucose is etholwe-photosynthesis, kuba carbohydrate elula - monosaccharide. Uma amangqamuzana efana axhunyiwe ngokuphindaphindiwe kwakhiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi biopolymer isitashi. Nguye otshalayo imisiwe ngokuthi izabelo okwesikhathi "ilanga lina." Lokhu kuchaza yokuthi lesi sitshalo ukudla lonke ocebile carbohydrate ukuthi kulula ukuqala sokudiliza usuvele ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo.

Bese ngokushesha kuphakama umbuzo: Ingabe autotrophs thina esiwuhogelayo wona? Ngemva kwale nqubo kuphambene ye-photosynthesis. Yiqiniso, yebo, ngoba izitshalo - izidalwa. Nansi imfihlo ukuthi izinga lomoya-mpilo ukuvela okuningi kuka-carbon dioxide. Nokho, uma ubeka houseplants endlini, lapho kungekho ukukhanya kwelanga lingena, bayohlala nje uphefumule. Ukuba kwalezi zimo, engathandeki.

Ngobani chemotroph

Autotrophs - akusiyo iqembu kuphela eziphilayo uyakwazi self-esikhiqiza yena "ukudla". Ziyakwazi uhlobo chemotroph. Ukuze bathole izincwadi ezidingekayo basebenzisa alibalulekile yini ilanga kodwa amandla izibopho zamakhemikhali. Lezi zihlanganisa i-nitrogen impande lezimpande eziguqula i-bacterium ukuthuthukisa phezu izimpande abamele leguminous futhi wokudla. Njengoba baziwa nesibabule amagciwane.

Bona oxidize ezifanele chemical kwakwakhe, futhi lapho amandla okuholela ichithwa izinqubo ezibalulekile.

Mixotrophy nokuba yinkimbinkimbi taxonomy

Kodwa kukhona ikakhulukazi eziphilayo "olukhohlisayo '. Vumelana izimo okuthiwa i-photosynthesis babe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isomiso noma ukungabi nokukhanya - uyisithiyo esikhulu esibangela ukungabi busebenze. Kodwa kukhona izimo yokuntula ngomumo eyenziwe organic compounds. Kungaba elula kakhulu ukuba autotrophs futhi heterotrophs ngesikhathi esifanayo - ukudala ukuxuba izindlela ukuphakela. Kodwa kungenzeka? Yiqiniso. Mixotrophy - ngakho yilezo eziphilayo benomthwalo chloroplast, kanye ikhono lokwamukela izinto esiphelele. Isibonelo esimangalisayo lokhu - a euglena unicellular oluhlaza.

Nokho, ezidla sundew isitshalo, ngokuqinisekile autotroph. Njengoba injena heterotroph ukudla inyamazane yayo ye amadivayisi ezikhethekile ukudoba.

Phela, kwaba uhlobo lokudla isici esiyinhloko eziphilayo ezithile okuqondene lwesitshalo noma lwesilwane imiphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, unicellular ulwelwe chlamydomonas ukuhambisa ngenkuthalo, sibonga khona flagella, futhi iso ukukhanya-sensitive. Yini Ingane ayisona isilwane? Nokho, kuyinto ukhamba cell chloroplast, okuyinto enquma ukuthi kungokwalabo umbuso isitshalo.

Umbuzo nzima unawe amakhowe. Ziyakwazi ayikwazi ukwenza i-photosynthesis, babe plastids futhi isitashi musa walala esitolo. Kodwa enamathiselwe yokuphila, ukukhula angenamkhawulo futhi khona cell odongeni awukwazi ukubabiza izilwane. Ngakho-ke, i-taxonomy ezabaveza embusweni ehlukile.

Autotrophs - kungcono eziphilayo ezimangalisayo. Njengoba umlamuleli phakathi kwelanga nomhlaba, bona enze kube khona ukuphila kule planethi yethu.