Imago - kuyini? Adult (esichazayo) esiteji ukuthuthukiswa ngazinye izinambuzane futhi abanye eyisinambuzane

Izinambuzane kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe wazibonela kabusha ezijulile izakhiwo zangaphandle kanye komzimba kwangaphakathi. Ngamanye amazwi, lo yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo esivela kuzo zonke izilwane. Yilokho nje kuthatha kwazo izici ezihlukile ethize kakhulu. ukuthuthukiswa Post-embryonic yomzimba wesinambuzane sihamba, ngokuvamile izigaba ezintathu ngokulandelana kwazo: amaqanda, isibungu, imago. Ngo kwezinhlobo eziningi, kukhona isinyathelo eyengeziwe: triungulin, isiphungumangathi nokunye.

Kuye zingaki maqembu isinambuzane izigaba zentuthuko, kungaba zabelwe omunye amaqembu amabili amakhulu: ukuguqulwa esinqunyiwe noma ephelele. Ngakho, inqubo yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo kumelwe zibhekwe njengezindawo okungamelwe yezimfuneko zokuhlola esiyinhloko ngezigaba.

Kusukela sihloko, uzofunda izici ebalulekile izigaba yentuthuko izinambuzane nge ngenze ushintsho olukhulu kakhulu futhi akuphelele, nge hypermetamorphosis.

Imago - kuyini?

Igama elithi "imago" livela olimini lwesiLatini futhi ngokwezwi nezwi ehunyushwa ngokuthi "njengendlela engcono". Ngo kwezilwane le nkulumo isho ukuthi omdala (lokugcina) komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane isilwane ne umjikelezo wokuphila eziyinkimbinkimbi (ezinye izinambuzane kanye eyisinambuzane). Isigaba usuphothuliwe. Nge wo fika isilwane unawo amandla nokuzala futhi, njengoba umthetho, ukuze Izindawo. Imago lungekho ngaphansi molt. Kulo sinyathelo, ukukhula izinambuzane eyisinambuzane inqanyulwe.

Kuye onjani yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo sici ngayinye zilwane, esigabeni imago usungaqala ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Ukuthuthukiswa nge yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo akuphelele

Ukuze akuphelele ukuguqulwa sici ezintathu izigaba yentuthuko isinambuzane: amaqanda, isibungu kanye omdala. Isici nobuntu lolu hlobo baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele kuyinto ukufana ukubukeka nge abadala izibungu, efana yokugcina, banayo mouthparts, amehlo lemagalagala esashiwo amaphiko esingesihle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ngokuvamile yokuphila efanayo. Lezi ziphungumangathi zasondela izinambuzane nge yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo akuphelele abizwa ngokuthi Nymphs.

Lolu hlobo yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo kwenzeka Orthoptera, Tarakanov, damselflies.

Ukuthuthukiswa ngenze ushintsho olukhulu kakhulu

Ngezinye ukuguqulwa egcwele izinambuzane kanye eyisinambuzane bavela izigaba 4 kuya 5 yentuthuko: amaqanda, isibungu, isiphungumangathi kanye omdala. Ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka ukunquma esiteji prepupal. Larva kuleli cala izicathulo omdala cishe ayibukeki akuqonde lokhu, lwanele ukhumbule butterfly amacimbi. Kuyinto elingenalo isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi esweni futhi iziqalo sangaphandle amaphiko futhi ngokuvamile has uhlobo oluhlukile mouthparts.

Uma kuphuma iqhimiza elinemilenze kweqiniso siqedile ekukhuleni kwayo, eyeka amandla iba umile bese ephenduka ibe isiphungumangathi. Khona-ke kubhaklazeka kusukela imago. izibungu True ngokuvamile zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu: (. phansi mabhungane, mabhungane diving kanye nabanye) gusenitseobraznye, vermiform (mabhungane, Diptera, njll) kampodeovidnye.

Lolu hlobo baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele kuyingxenye zonke Lepidoptera (izimvemvane), Coleoptera, Diptera.

Ukuthuthukiswa nge hypermetamorphosis

Indlela ezinzima kunazo zonke ukuthuthukiswa izinambuzane kuyinto hypermetamorphosis. Kuyinto isici esithile mabhungane (ngocingo-pole ibhungane, Meloidae, njll), Lacewing, izimpukane kuyachwaza, futhi eziningi Hymenoptera.

Lapho isigaba hypermetamorphosis elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu yentuthuko isinambuzane senzeka ngezigaba eziningana. Isakhiwo kanye indlela yokuphila izibungu bobudala obungefani kunomehluko eqinile. Ngo esigabeni sokuqala, bengadli, kodwa ngenkuthalo ukuhambisa futhi wehlise umoya. isibungu Instar ngokuvamile uhlala engokwemvelo ethile. Akagcini nje ngokuphendula wapha, kodwa futhi elandayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhambisa kusuka ifomu eyodwa kuya kwenye asebenzayo, zidinga sokulungiswa i umzimba. Kulezi zimo, isibungu iba esinqunyiwe, futhi eyeka amandla. A okuthiwa "lozhnokukolka". Ngemva kwalokho, njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, mabhungane kusukela umndeni Meloidae, it is iguqulwe ibe unodoli wangempela, okuyinto eba kusukela ibhungane imagos.

Izici nokwakheka imago

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, esigabeni sokugcina ukuthuthukiswa izinambuzane ezithile eyisinambuzane iyona imago. Kuyini kube lula ukuqonda ngokuhlwaya emithombolwazini olimini lokuqala. le nkulumo ihunyushwe ngokuthi kwezinye imithombo ngokuthi "ubuso lweqiniso" futhi ngempela kuba. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, azizange zishintshe kuleli qophelo abadala, sebeyekile inqubo yentuthuko. Molting engekho ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinto eziphilayo. Kodwa zonke umthetho has okuhlukile. Ngakho, amayunithi aphansi (thysanura, springtails et al.) Ngisho cuticle omdala esiteji ngezikhathi kabusha.

Umahluko omkhulu kusukela izinambuzane omdala izingane zimi kanje. Avezwa amaphiko Izitho zangasese, izimpondo aqukethe izinombolo ezihleliwe izingxenye bakha uhlobo mouthparts ethile (ngokuvamile sihlukile izibungu). Imago Ubuningi bamahora ingashintshwa ukuze imvelo, futhi lokhu kubonakala isimiso esikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nesimo futhi izici eziningi kwesakhiwo: izici umgudu wokuphefumula, komzimba, ukuthuthukiswa izinzwa, izindlela zokuphepha ezengeziwe, njll ..

Ukuze iningi eyisinambuzane, izinambuzane Kulesigaba - iyona isiqongo yentuthuko. Okuhlukile imikhaza embalwa nje. Sinenkosi konke kwenzeka okuphambene. zinhlobo ezidlayo ukuthuthela ngaphakathi komgodi umzimba futhi aphethe kwezicubu ulahlekelwe izici zabo morphological nobuntu abadala. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi dezimaginizatsiya.

Wenza ashintshe umbala ezihlobene nokukhula

Vyluplyayas kusukela isiphungumangathi futhi ngaleyo ndlela edlulisa molt wokugcina esigabeni elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu, isinambuzane eshiya igobolondo lakhe. Ngokuvamile umbala yokuqala ulula e ithoni (hhayi omhlophe futhi paler). Phakathi nenkathi ethile (athathe amahora ambalwa kuya 2-3 amasonto) sombala izidakamizwa anqwabelene oxidized ngokuxhumana nge emoyeni asemkhathini, lapho cuticle mnyama.

Izinhlobo ezithile, isibonelo, amabhu imago (oda Lepidoptera) ubonakala izimbali "yabo" okwenyanga.

Ushintsho umbala kungenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko ezithile zomzimba. Ngakho, isikhonyane ehlane ekuqaleni uba nombala ophuzi. Phakathi nenkathi yokuzalela kukhona sokuzuza umzimba enzyme ocansini futhi ngenxa yalokho wathola pink tint nesembozo (ngenhla).

Isikhathi sokuphila we imago

Isikhathi esichazayo ukuthuthukiswa isinyathelo kungaba ayahlukahluka kuncike zilwane. I emfushane ukuphila bagworm inundu izimvemvane omkhaya, zivalelwe imizuzu embalwa nje. Lesitshalo Isiteji abadala othatha izinsuku ezingu-2-3 (kuhlanganise mayflies, Chironomidae) alinayo encishisiwe feed bese mouthparts.

Isibindi kungenziwa ngokuthi izinambuzane zenhlalo ezifana izintuthwane nomuhlwa. kwesibeletho yabo neNdlovukazi siphilele 20 nengu-50 ngokulandelana. Buka cicadas Magicicada septendecim libhekene umjikelezo wokuphila oneminyaka engu-17, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi impela eningi ngezindinganiso izinambuzane.

It kwenzeka ngokwemvelo futhi ngempela izimo nakuba. Ngokwesibonelo, ajwayelekile kubo bonke ibhungane njengesixhumo sezindluzele (ngenhla) e esigabeni omdala esechitha emasontweni ambalwa abese efa, kuyilapho isibungu yakhe uhlala kuze iminyaka emihlanu.

Kaningi, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo, futhi kwahlala kuyo izibungu futhi abadala zohlobo olulodwa zingafani niche semvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, omiyane. I isibungu has a yokudla ejwayelekile nomzingeli (plankton, ama-bacterium) futhi izimpilo emanzini. Imago - flying izinambuzane. Abesifazane zidla igazi kwezilwane yezilwane ezinomgogodla, kanye nabesilisa - ijusi uketshezi of izitshalo.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko esigabeni imago

Ngakho, esigabeni sokugcina, ebonisa ngokuphila kwezinambuzane buyisigaba omdala, ukuthi kuyini, ozifundile ngenhla kakade. Qonda okushiwo isinqumo ukufunda izici eziyinhloko isakhiwo, kulula ukuqagela ukuthi umsebenzi oyinhloko kulomkhakha. Lapho isikhulile ngokuphelele zonke magciwane ayanda, enze nokugcinwa eziningana zezinto eziphilayo. Uma isibalo izinambuzane amaqanda-laying phakathi nabesifazane idlula isibalo kwabesilisa, zingabantu evundile. Ngokwesibonelo, bee indlovukazi ukwazi ukuhlehlisa isizini kuze kube amaqanda 1500.

isigaba Adult kubalulekile ngokuya isiphetho izinhlobo. Le nqubo ibizwa lula khona abadala athuthukile amaphiko nasemilenzeni.

Ukuthinta phezu jikelele ukubaluleka begazi esiteji imaginal, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi imago - kuba uhlobo ukubonakaliswa izinqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ezihlobene ne ukuthuthukiswa eyisinambuzane eliwumhlaba kanye nokuqinisa yabo okwalandela ku niches emvelweni matasa kuwo.