Umsunguli iSonto Lobu-Orthodox e-Japan, Japanese UNikolai: Biography, izithombe

Ngaphambi Vanya Kasatkin awuthwala igama Nicholas Japanese, wayeyindodana i igosa abavamile yasemakhaya nabangane abaseduze nabantwana nomndeni Skrydlovyh Umkhuzi, egama layo linguJehova eduze nethempeli kayise. Abangane naye bake bamcela lokhu ngalokho afuna ukuba, futhi ngokushesha banquma ukuthi uhambe ezinyathelweni zikayise. Kodwa Ivan babefuna ukuba itilosi. Nokho, amaphupho akhe nguyise ulwandle ukubuswa bamthumela ukuzofunda Theological Seminary ka Smolensk, bese njengoba omunye wabafundi best of yakhe ngezindleko umphakathi ithunyelwa ukufunda esikoleni sabefundisi Petersburg.

Kulomuzi, futhi sahlangana nabangane ebuntwaneni, u-Ivan Leont Skrydlov, owaba owaphothula Naval ubusosha Corps. On umbuzo kungani akabanga itilosi, Ivan wathi, ukuthi ngomkhumbi olwandle nolwandle kanye umkhumbi kungaba umpristi.

UNikolai Japanese: ekuqaleni

Kwathi ngomnyaka wesine ka-Theological Academy, Ivan simemezelo of isiGungu Esingcwele seSonto wafunda ukuthi Russian isikhundla imperial eJapane kudingeka umpristi. Inxusa of Japan I. Goshkevich isinqumo ukuhlela sevangeli kuleli zwe, nakuba ngaleso sikhathi lapho yayikhona ukuvinjelwa esiqinile nobuKristu.

Ivan iqale wezwa mission Chinese, bengifuna ke eChina, futhi ngimemezele ezizweni, futhi leso sifiso wayeseboshwe kwakhiwa. Kodwa-ke inzalo yakhe sandile kusukela China eJapane, njengoba wayifunda ngomkhulu umdlandla "kusho uCaptain Amanothi Golovin" lokuthunjwa kulelizwe.

Engxenyeni yokuqala ye-yalolucwaningo 60 XIX leminyaka Russia eholwa ngu-Alexander II wafuna ukuvuseleleka, kwase kuyisikhathi yezinguquko ezinkulu nokuqeda serfdom. Ukuthambekela umsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli kwamanye amazwe.

ukuqeqeshwa

Ngakho, u-Ivan Kasatkin waqala ukulungiselela umsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli eJapane. Ngo 1860, June 24 tonsured indela enegama Nicholas the Wonderworker yokudumisa Nicholas Omkhulu. Emva kwezinsuku 5 wayehumusha igosa, ngosuku kamuva - ebupristini. Futhi ngo-August 1, Hieromonk Nicholas eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-24 saya eJapane. Wayefuna wakhe njengomlobokazi wakhe olele, okumele ukuvusa - njengoba ifanekiselwa ke engqondweni yakhe. On the Russian umkhumbi "Amur", efika ekugcineni e-Japan. Ngo Hakodate inxusa Goshkevich basamukela.

Nakuba kulelizwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-200 ngemva kokusungulwa kobuKristu kwakukhona kokuvinjelwa. UNicholas Japan sithathwa imbangela. Okokuqala, ukuthi sifunda ulimi Japanese, isiko, umnotho, umlando, wabe ukuhunyushwa iTestamente Elisha. Konke lokhu-ke wakhe iminyaka 8.

isithelo

Eminyakeni yokuqala emithathu kwakungokomnikelo kuye babi. UNikolai Japanese eduze ukugcina ukuphila we-Japanese, babevakashela amathempeli Buddhist walilalela abashumayeli.

Ekuqaleni wathathwa ngiyinhloli, futhi ngisho ehlisela izinja phezu kwakhe, futhi esesongelwa Samurai. Kodwa ngonyaka wesine UNicholas Japan wathola umqulu wokuqala abanazo yakhe, ukukholelwa Kristu. Kwakuwusuku Umphathi Shrine, Takuma Savabe. Ngemva konyaka, ayebonakala nomunye umzalwane, nesinye. Takuma igama wobhapathizo uPawulu, futhi eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva umpristi kuqala Japanese Orthodox. Kulesi isithunzi ayenakho ukudabula sizi.

Eyokuqala amaKristu-Japanese

Imali sasiqine kakhulu. Ubaba Nicholas bavame ukusizwa Goshkevich inxusa owanikeza imali kulezo zimali zabo, okuyinto ngokuvamile bamba "izindleko kwelivamile". Ngo-1868, kwaba khona ukuvukela iphutha e Japan: amaKristu Japanese-entsha bashushiswa.

Ngo-1869, u-Nicholas waya Petersburg ukuze kuzuzwe kuvulwa mission. Lokhu kwenzeka ukuba amnike ukuzimela zokuphatha kanye nezomnotho. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva wabuyela elisezingeni Archimandrite kanye uMphathi Mission.

Ngo-1872, u-Nicholas Japanese uthola umsizi ngaphakathi the bombo of iziqu Kiev Theological Academy - Hieromonk Anatoly (Thulile). Ngalesi sikhathi e Hakodate bekulokhu mayelana 50 Orthodox Japanese.

Tokyo

Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi St UNicholas Japan eshiya konke ukunakekelwa zompristi kanye uyise uPawulu Savabe Anatolia kanye wathuthela eTokyo. Lapha ayenakho ukuqala lonke futhi. Futhi kulesi sikhathi ivula esikoleni emzini isiRashiya futhi aqale ukufundisa Japanese.

Ngo-1873, i-Government of Japan Priman umthetho ophathelene nezinkampani ezenza senkululeko yenkolo. Ngokushesha isikole Private kabusha ku sabefundisi, owawungumnyaka ingane intandokazi kayise Nicholas (ngaphandle imfundiso yenkolo khona ibilokhu wafunda okuningi nezinye).

Ngo-1879 kwakunabamemezeli kakade izikole eziningana e-Tokyo: sabefundisi, Ikhathekizimu, prichetnicheskoe kanye angaphandle esikoleni ulimi.

Ngu ekupheleni ukuphila kayise Nicholas Seminary wathola eJapane isimo esikoleni samabanga aphakeme, abafundi engcono abaqhubeka nezifundo zabo ngesiRashiya zenkolo academy.

Ebandleni isibalo sezikhungo abakholwa amakhulu. Ngu-1900, ngonyaka wesishiyagalolunye umphakathi Orthodox sebevele Nagasaki, Hyogo, Kyoto futhi Yokohama.

Ithempeli UNicholas Japan

Ngo-1878 waqala ukwakha esontweni ezimela. Yakhiwa ezinhlanganweni zosizo imali Russian yomthengisi Petra Alekseeva, itilosi wangaphambili, "wehhashi 'isitsha. Ngaleso sikhathi kwaba kakade 6 Abapristi Japanese.

Kodwa ubaba Nicholas ngiphuphe Cathedral. Ukukhulisa imali ukwakhiwa kwalo uthunyelwa yonkana Russia.

Kodwa ngo-1880, ngo-March 30 hirotonisanom umpristi Nicholas kwi-Alexander saseNevsky Lavra.

On indaba emfushane yesonto ikusasa Cathedral of the Resurrection ngu umakhi A. ngezikulufo. Ubaba Nicholas uthenge umhlaba endaweni entabeni Kanda Suruga-dai. Wakha ithempeli IsiZulu wezakhiwo uJoshuwa Conder eyisikhombisa, ngo-1891 wamnikela okhiye kuyise UNicholas. Yokwahlukaniselwa yahanjelwa abapristi 19 futhi 4,000 abathembekile. Ngo abantu, leli thempeli yabizwa ngokuthi "UNikolai-up."

isikali yayo ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo Japanese umxhwele, kanye ukuthembeka anda UNicholas Japan.

impi

Ngo-1904, ngenxa Russian-Japanese War, ihhovisi lamanxusa aseRussia zihambile. UNicholas Japan ngedwa. On the Orthodox Japanese akahlekwa ozondwayo, Bishop Nicholas ezisengozini ukufa ubunhloli. Waqhubeka nokuchaza esidlangalaleni ukuthi ubu-Orthodox kuyinto hhayi inkolo kuphela Russian kazwelonke, nokushisekela izwe - kuba umuzwa ukhona yini umKristu weqiniso futhi zemvelo. Wathumela isikhalazo esemthethweni emathempelini, okwakubekelwa ebekiwe ngokukhethekile ukuthi bathandazele ukuba ukunqoba amabutho Japanese. Ngakho wanquma ukuqeda amaJapane ukuphikisana Orthodox: ukukholelwa Kristu futhi ukuba Japanese. Ngale ndlela wayegcina umkhumbi Japanese Orthodox. Inhliziyo yakhe breaking, futhi akazange iqhaza zokukhulekela obala, futhi omunye wayethandaza njalo e-altare.

Khona-ke wathatha ukunakekelwa iziboshwa Russian okudalwa impi, kwaba sekupheleni kwempi, ayizinkulungwane ezingaphezu kwezingu-70.

Bishop uNicholas, ukungakwazi engu-25 ubudala, wazizwa inhliziyo yakhe wemibono ebumnyameni isondela eRussia. Ukuze abalekele izinkinga zonke lezi zifiso, lapho yangena shí ukuhunyushwa amabhuku yesonto.

eneminyaka engu-75 ngo-1912 Febhuwari 16, wanikela ngomphefumulo wakhe eNkosini kuseli ye Cathedral of the Resurrection kaKristu. Imbangela yokufa - ukumelwa inhliziyo. amasonto 265 ezakhiwa amahlanu semisebenzi yakhe wayiletha 41 umpristi, 121 owayefundisa ikhathekizimu, 15 regents futhi 31.984 abathembekile.

Kulingana kubaPhostoli St UNicholas eJapane abagcotshwa Apreli 10, 1970.