Cathedral Uvuko Cathedral, Arzamas

Ngezinye 112 km kusuka Nizhny Novgorod lingumuzi wasendulo ngamasiko zomlando namasiko ocebile. Isimo Arzamas idolobha etholwe 1578. Lwentando le ndawo, esisuka ogwini Toshi, Oka owumthelela kuyinto Voskresensky Cathedral. Arzamas uyaziqhenya elale ndalo ephelele, ibuse phezu komuzi. ethempelini Handsome itholakala phezu kwegquma eliphakeme futhi central into Ensemble Cathedral ndawo.

Isendlalelo ukuvela ethempelini

Uvuko Cathedral Russia kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-20, kukhona kwamanye amazwe, kuhlanganise Japan. Ngakho-ke, lapho echaza emaphakathi ethempelini arzamasa kubakaki izobonisa ubunikazi bayo indawo. Ngakho Uvuko Cathedral (Arzamas) ukuze badunyiswe ngokunqoba esikhulu sabantu Russian ibutho European elihlangene eholwa Napoleon e 1812. Ngaphambili kule ndawo, okuyinto ngokuphindiwe yashintsha igama layo, kwaba Red, nemakethe, bona. Lenin e nenkathi yamaSoviet, kwaba sokhuni zobumba Kremlin. Idolobha ngokwalo yayakhiwe oda Ivana Groznogo, ngokuqondene umkhankaso walo wesithathu ngokumelene Kazan - endleleni Bagijimela kulo leli zwe.

Umsunguli emzini Ivan Grozny

Ngokusho isinqumo eningizimu-mpumalanga lombhishobhi samanje, bese ezibiyele, owesifazane Nicholas Monastery (1570), ongagcini kuze kube yilolu suku, futhi ingxenye Ensemble of Cathedral Square yadalwa. Kutholwe phakathi kwethempeli ne sezindela Nikolsky emaweni Congress ethumba ifilimu V Perov "Troika." Uma kuwukuthi uzalo kwaba ingadi Cathedral (manje izakhiwo lapha) ezazisemizini sifinyelela aphansi sokwehla futhi Nastasyinsky esangweni. Ngokusho yetinsita Ivan Grozny wanika isango layo elikhulu emzini eMoscow igama umkakhe amthandayo, Anastasia, owayemncane cishe ngezinyanga okubeletha. Le ndawo yayiyingxenye eqenjini lomculo futhi itholakala enyakatho efudumele (evuthayo) Cathedral uMthombo olunikeza ukuphila.

izinto zangaphambili futhi samanje Ensemble of Cathedral Square

Enye Isigodlo, owesilisa, wawusegunjini empumalanga "inhliziyo" Arzamas - Cathedral Square. sezindela Vvedensky idume ngenxa wesigodlo yayo, John eyasungulwa ngo 1706 Sarov Hermitage. Manje kukhona ephathelene nokuphatha izindela. Nokho, esinye isakhiwo ezithakazelisayo lapho, sizungezwe pearl main omuzi, okuyinto Uvuko Cathedral (Arzamas). Lokhu yeMantshi isakhiwo esakhiwe phakathi kwekhulu XVIII. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isakhiwo kuphela osele we izakhiwo civil eRussia ejwayelekile. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kusukela Uvuko Cathedral uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Kirill ezihlobene nokuphila - umkhulu wakhe nobaba babehlala eduze Arzamas.

Igunya Umbhishobhi uSergiyu

Futhi Uvuko Cathedral (Arzamas) kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa empilweni yomunye uMbhishobhi Omkhulu - uSergiyu. Uyisemkhulu, Ivan Dmitrievich Stragorodsky, iminyaka engu-32 ayekhonza Ovukweni Cathedral umpristi abaphezulu. Futhi lapho, ngo-1943, uSergiyu wakhethwa esihlalweni sobunzalamizi, into yokuqala wabuza kwaba ukuvula ngenjongo yokukhulekela Uvuko Church Arzamas. Omunye bambalwa kakhulu abantu ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla iVolga Cathedral wavula ngawo lowo nyaka.

Metamorphosis yokukhulekela

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-XX leminyaka Idolobha elidala lonke kwaba uhlobo ensemble eyodwa sezindela - kwaba ezingaphezu kuka-40 izindawo zokukhulekela. Abahlukile, omuhle ngendlela engavamile weza ukuvikela e-Europe, befaka ukuphila kwabo engozini, ososayensi kusukela Petersburg. Kodwa ukuthi waqala ukubusa ngo-1917, abantu abaphika ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu ukuba nenkani wabhubhisa izinto 38, kusale ezimbili, zisekhona kule ttom bo - yena Uvuko Cathedral (Arzamas) kanye isimo Bandla uMsindisi Monastery, omdala esifundeni. Izakhamuzi zedolobha awukanikezi intukuthelo yazo ngalokhu qhumisa kubo. Phakathi Angizange Uvuko iSonto kwaba ehostela iziboshwa, kamuva it kwavula Museum yokungakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona futhi inkolo - ngesisekelo yaseKazan Cathedral eLeningrad.

Ubuhle esiyingqayizivele

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kokubili yokuzenzisa Cathedral Arzamas okusikhumbuza abadumile iKazan Cathedral Petersburg. Lokhu kuchazwe iqiniso lokuthi umlobi yephrojekthi, Mikhail Petrovich eKorinte, lapho esemusha kwaba Umfundi we omkhulu Andreya Nikiforovicha Voronihina, umlobi yephrojekthi ye iKazan Cathedral. Yaqalwa ngo-1814, Uvuko Cathedral lwenzelwe e isitayela Russian classicism wezakhiwo abanamakhono - arzamaztsem MP eKorinte (1788-1851). Yakhelwe lelithempeli iminyaka engu-28. Uvuko Cathedral (Arzamas) kuyinto enhle kangaka futhi ephelele, ukuthi connoisseur bokwakha Russian wezakhiwo-UMvuseleli NN Pomerantcev ayikwazanga ukuthola kwakhe alinganayo noma eMoscow noma nakwamanye amadolobha aseRussia. Ngokuqhathaniswa it may ezimbili kuphela lombhishobhi Petersburg ngo umakhi abadumile Russian V P. Stasova - zintathu-Izmailovo futhi isimo Cathedral.

Symbol yobukhulu Russia

Le phrojekthi ukuze kwakhiwe esontweni elisha elalizothatha indawo agugile Bandla Vuko is namanje inkosi Fedor Ioanovich e 1598 ezinikelwe esiphambanweni reliquary elalibhekwa njengelinye wokuvelela kakhulu - ezinye izimboni isitini ezakhiwa owawungumnyaka igama - ". Catholic" Ukwakhiwa kwethempeli laliyisenzakalo omkhulu futhi igcwele tinganekwane izaga.

Rigor futhi wesimethri futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuhle, solemnity futhi monumentality sethempeli, ayehloselwe zifanekisela ubukhulu namandla yeRussia. Ngakho-ke ngahlangana UMBHALI umdali wezakhiwo iphrojekthi, MP eKorinte Uvuko Cathedral (Arzamas). Photo, enamathiselwe ngezansi, ebonisa ukuthi ngamaphupho nezifiso ezalethwa ngokugcwele.

Architecture ethempelini

It isekelwe isakhiwo yesikhulumi - okusezingeni eliphezulu isinyathelo isisekelo, okuyinto esiphambanweni ngesiGreki, ubekwe sikwele. Ubude nobubanzi ayalingana nomunye, ukufinyelela 64 amamitha. Ehlotshisiwe ukwakha emihlanu Dome eyindilinga, enkulu kunazo zonke zazo, isikhungo has amafasitela 12. Four kuvulandi ahlelwe ezinhlangothini ezine, futhi gables okusezingeni eliphezulu, esekelwe ikholomu imitha-13 (48 izingcezu) ifomu emhlabeni isakhiwo umgexo eyinqaba.

On the pediments kukhona nemidwebo enkulu izigcawu waseBhayibhelini. 24 amafasitela nowodwa kuyo akuyona ngqo - ngamunye has eyehlelayo ukwehlukanisa wezangaphakathi sivela esitaladini - uyenze ibe banzi, ukukhanya, ocwazimulayo ukhazimula kakhulu. UPawulu, uphahlwe imishayo yokhuni, ezolile Imininingwane, ayoliswe ukukhanya amathoni ensundu, umbala wezangaphakathi - konke has a isimo ngomthandazo.

Umdwebo ethempelini

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuleli dolobha ngemizamo umculi-uthisha A. V Stupina sidalwe Arzamasskaya isikole imidwebo, lapho abafundi babekhona V Perov, wezakhiwo M. P. Korinfsky, OS Serebryakov. Kugcine nendodana yakhe u-Alexander nezinye abaculi stupintsami kusuka 1834 kuya ku-1837 waba zaveza ngoyinki ezimanzi usimende izindonga vaults sethempeli, okuyinto waziqhenya ngalokho ayekwenzile Arzamas. Cathedral of the Resurrection kaKristu idume 14 emidwebweni omkhulu, okuyinto echaza ukuphila kukaJesu Kristu. Lezi zibalo ukuphila-usayizi. Maqondana nezibonelo ezathathwa yobuciko yokudweba Western. I Dome eyinhloko amafasitela phakathi izibalo wabaphostoli abangu-12, ngezansi nje - 4 abavangeli.

I iconostasis kanye zobukhosi lombhishobhi

Eqoshiwe, iconostasis enhle Lomakin bazalwane, Basil futhi Klim, walondoloza kuze kube yilolu suku. esangweni lenkosi ehlotshiswe izithonjana UnguNina bakaNkulunkulu nabakaKristu, eyenziwe abantu ukukhula umdwebi abahlakaniphe Alekseev (umkhwenyana Stupin), okuyinto eyaziwa kokuba zaveza Cathedral St-Isaka. Yokudumisa Ukuvuswa Kristu yangcwelisa sobukhosi emaphakathi. Chapel Right ngayingcwelisa behlonipha Aleksandra Nevskogo futhi Mitrofan ka Voronezh. Kwesobunxele - yokudumisa ongcwele Martyr uJohane Warrior. I kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele niches ongaphambili omise imipheme kukhona ezimbili yesonto nge iconostasis etholakalayo njengoba olulodwa - e wokudumisa iNcasakazi oNgcwele (kwesokudla), behlonipha All Saints (ngakwesokunxele). Ama-altare abangu ngayingcwelisa njengoba ukwakhiwa yabo.

The main idili ngosuku, futhi kwakhiwa indlu enkulu yesonto lombhishobhi

Njalo lobu-Orthodox eRussia has ngosuku ezinkulu idili. Kusukela 1887 it has Novuko Cathedral (Arzamas). Umlando waleli holidi iphindela ngonyaka 335, lapho iNdlovukazi Helena lanikezelwa eJerusalema Church of the Resurrection. Lolu suku ngokuthi "Uvuko." Kuwo wonke parish Arzamas senziwa ukuba ithempeli ezimbili - ukufuthelana Ohhavini efudumele futhi kubanda, futhi lokho kwakungenxa oNgcwele Uvuko Cathedral. Izikhungo labetibambile kuwo Easter kanye nekhava langesikhatheso ngoKukhulamungu. Lapho leli sonto kwaba Museum of Atheism, kwathatha phansi izinto ezindaweni wabhubhisa yokukhulekela. Ngakho kusukela Elias Church walethwa Fair futhi Okuphila Cross likaJehova, okuyinto u aluthola ekhulwini XVII (okwenza kube fanele cishe ekhulwini lesi XVI). Kwakhiwa indlu enkulu yesonto omdala ethempelini "Iseluleki Sokufaka Iphrinta Yenethiwekhi State" - isithonjana Wovuko (yehla Hogo) XVI leminyaka. It kwakunikelwa ngendawo Ivanom Groznym. Nazi izindawo zokukhulekela ezimbalwa, okuyinto awukwazi ukubhala isihloko. Ukuze ukubone, futhi ufunde indaba ithempeli emangalisayo, vakashela Cathedral of the Resurrection, ogama kheli: pl. Cathedral, 19, Arzamas, Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni., Russia, 607720.