UkuhambaIzinkomba

Moscow, Museum-Manor: incazelo, isithombe

imizwa Ambivalent olutholwa ngamunye, uma kuziwa emizaneni. Manors, izigodi futhi amapaki ...

Okulandelayo emlandweni Russian

Ngakolunye uhlangothi - lena indawo, eduze futhi ngokujulile ehlangene umlando wokuphila kwezobuciko, a real ukuphila Russian namasiko, kanye nomunye - isimo ezindaweni eziningi ekhumbulekayo sibonakala sethusa futhi kuyadabukisa.
umlando Russian futhi umphefumulo Russian - Umqondo, ngokuvamile, ihlukile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zenza kanjalo eyinkimbinkimbi ezihlangene ukuthi akukho ingxenye eyodwa akunakwenzeka ukuqonda ngokuphelele ukuthi abanye, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo: lokho, eqinisweni, kuba abantu Russian?

Ebasa futhi isitoreji isiko Russian edolobheni

Manor - indawo wavakashela ngomzuzwana. Amagama abanye izigodi nezasemalokishini Manors ezwa nomphakathi jikelele: Abramtsevo, Arkhangelskoye, Marfino, lumpy nabanye. Lokhu kuyiqiniso, ngoba 17-19 eminyaka. izindlu yizicukuthwane kwaba uhlobo lomkhuba kwamasiko-zomlando, kanye emadolobheni amancane namakhulu, zezindela, emizaneni, emizaneni, amasonto kanye namabandla.
Izazi-mlando zithi ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. eRussia, kwakukhona kusuka 50 kuya Manors 100 ayizinkulungwane. futhi izigodi. Ngokwemvelo, umsebenzi wokuphila zezenhlalo, zezomnotho, kwezobuciko futhi zokudala futhi Manor mlando eduze eMoscow iye yahlanganiswa eduze kakhulu.
Futhi ngenxa izindlu eduze eMoscow enhlokodolobha wawususeduze ke, yebo, okungcono abalobi isiRashiya, izimbongi, abadwebi, abaqambi wahosha ugqozi, umsebenzi kanye ukuthola ukuzijabulisa ezindaweni ezihlobene nemvelo.
Futhi mhlawumbe kukhona enjalo kungekho umdali Russian futhi sazi 18-19 cc., Futhi isiphetho ukuphila ezazingathandi ixhunyaniswe Russian ezweni izindlu.
Futhi amasiko anjalo yobuciko isiRashiya, njengoba izakhiwo angadle ngabuhle obutheni, landscape ingadi isiko kanye izakhiwo, landscape design izimpande zawo phindela nedlelo, ifa kanye nesimo lapho azigcine ngokucophelela.
Qiniseka ukukukhumbuza ukuthi amasiko Russian izihambi Russian cuisine amakilasi ozingela, kubutsela izincwadi ezingavamile futhi ukuqoqa imisebenzi yobuciko nazo ezihambisana ne gentry lawela namasiko umthengi.

Siqala ukulungiselela

Ngaphakathi kwendawo 100-ikhilomitha ukusuka Ring bangathembela izigodi mayelana 200 mansions. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. e Moscow kwakunoFakazi abacishe babe ngu 1,000 kulo bayizinkulungwane e bebodwa sikhumbuleke futhi azinake, kodwa izikhathi ezifana nalokho kuhambela ezindaweni ezithakazelisayo kumele okungenani kancane lelungiselelwe.
Ngokuphathelene nale ndaba kungashiwo ukuthi uma ufuna ukuvakashela namadlelo amahle kakhulu izindlu ukuze kuzuze kudingeka Thenga kakhulu ulwazi olujwayelekile:

  • mayelana nendawo, ibanga umzila (metro, isitimela, ibhasi, imoto);
  • mayelana ( "Singularity") izindawo izici: State Museum-Reserve, indlu-Museum, isikhala kweminyango, isakhiwo esilula, ezihlobene umlando, izincwadi, imidwebo, ubungcweti;
  • uma indawo lihlotshaniswa ziphephile Museum Kungaba mnandi ukwazi ithikithi amanani, amahora nezindawo esikhululekile ukudla ukusebenza. Kungase kube ongakhetha lapho Museum, eduze eMoscow izigodi basonta kungekho mnyango eyodwa futhi emnyango kunzima, kodwa, njengoba besho abahambi okhuthele, njalo "kukhona imbobo ocingweni ngemuva" uhambe khona kunjalo unga;
  • ukuhlanganisa imvelo amakhono kanye nezinjongo zayo siqu: iholidi endaweni enhle, okuvelayo tetemibhalo, zomlando, yezakhiwo kanye nobuciko, njll

Lokhu "Ukugxila 'ukuze sisindise isikhathi futhi uthole injabulo yangempela ukuba ahambele izindawo ezithakazelisayo.

izindawo zomlando

Elinye lamasiko esiphezulu umphakathi Russian kusukela esikhathini uPetru wayengumlobi umnikelo izigodi nasemizaneni zenkonzo yokwethembeka. Lokho nokuba izigodi kababaningi abayizikhulu edolobheni, isibonelo, Manor Glinka, pha ngu-Peter v, njengoba emzaneni eduze eMoscow, umhlobo wakhe uJakobe Bruce, lamasosha sikahulumeni, usosayensi futhi ohlakaniphile. Ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, Bruce wasebenza kabusha, ucwaningo lwesayensi futhi ngisho bazizuzela idumela ngokuthi "Mage futhi Warlock."
Umlando impahla Glinka sika - yisibonelo umlando ngesikhathi uPetru, Russian isayensi lezempi, isimilo somphakathi-Russian 17-18 eminyaka.
Uma nje uhlu bomlando owaziwa futhi kungeyakho kubo emadolobheni asemaphethelweni ifa, uhlu umxhwele:

  • Serednikovo - patrimony Stolypin. Kukhumbuleni nje Petr Arkadevich Stolypin, le wezinguquko Russian yasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-20. Ngasekuqaleni Serednikovo kwakuhambisana nezinga ebuntwaneni imbongi M. Yu. Lermontova. Kamuva lapha sekube Chaliapin futhi Rachmaninoff. Namuhla Serednikovo - kakhulu "cinematic" izindlu eduze eMoscow, nge kinogorodom ezithakazelisayo, kuhlanganise England kwenkundla 18;.

  • Izingxoxo - ukunikeza dive sigamanxe indaba. Izazi-mlando ngokuthi Izingxoxo beka lapho Dmitry Donskoy wagxumeka itende lakhe, uya empini nge Mamai (Kulikovo ensimini);
  • Gorky (Lenin) - namuhla emnyuziyamu elihlobene ne impilo Lenin. "Gqamisa" isibonisi Museum imoto "-Rolls-Royce", okuyinto eyenziwa Vladimira Ilicha. Kodwa sibekwa yini la, lo kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala Manor kuhlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-16., Futhi Interiors zezakhiwo walondoloza kusuka 18-19 eminyaka.

Yiqiniso, ekhulumela bonke zomlando Museum-estate eMoscow nesifunda eMoscow ayikho indlela, kodwa ungakwazi njalo ukuthola ulwazi. Futhi kuyathakazelisa ukuthi indaba ngokuvamile eduze ephambana ngemicimbi etemibhalo kwezobuciko.

izindawo yokudlala

Vyazomy elikhulu banikezwe uPetru Ι Prince Golitsyn "ukuze kusindiswe le nkosi encane ngesikhathi Musketeers isiphithiphithi." Ngaphezu kwalokho, buhlobene eduze impilo Borisa Godunova, uPawulu v, Kutuzov, uNapoleon, Bagration, Tolstoy.
Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - Vyazomy kukhona ekhaya Pushkin olusankondlo: lapha ayihlala esengumntwana, lapho wajwayelana ubuhle emaphandleni Russian, wezwa Folk songs, watadisha ukuphila namasiko yezikhulu Russian futhi abalimi Russian.
Lapha sizalwa zendalo yokuqala esankondlo Pushkin, futhi lapha wayesemathuneni ezinzima zokuphila kwakhe. Ukuhlala kule ndawo futhi legend: Golitsyn esigodlweni bendawo ngokuthi "iNdlu Indlovukazi Spades," futhi ungakwazi ukufunda okuthile ngekusasa Princess Galitzine, isithombe ephambene we Countess obudala imfihlakalo amakhadi ezintathu.
Akukhona ukuthi kumane kuqondane Big Vyazomy - Pushkin Museum-Reserve, lapha kusukela ngo-September kuya ku-April kukhona kusihlwa zomculo nasemakhonsathini. Njengoba Pushkin izindawo eziseduze Vyazomami kubalulekile ukusho Zakharov.
Ngakolunye izindawo etemibhalo olusankondlo:

  • Muranovo - ejwayelekile "isidleke yizicukuthwane" zazo sinawo umbono wokuthi izincwadi namafilimu mayelana Russian kwekhulu le-19. I interweaving lokuzalwa kanye isiphetho amagama abadumile abaningi etemibhalo: Engelhardt, Baratynsky, Putyata, Gogol, Aksakov, Tiutchev. Kodwa isiphetho abakholelwa ukuthi, ukuthi kwaba Muranovo umndeni archive imbongi Fodora Tyutcheva, ngakho kuyoba khona Museum egameni lakhe;
  • Melikhovo - Literary kanye Memorial Museum A. P. Chehova. Museum ingaphezu 20 ayizinkulungwane izithombe abaculi, kuhlanganise Levitan, Polenov, AP Seregina -. Abangane somlobi.
  • Znamenskoye Gubaylovo - ezinikelwe inkosi yokuqala Russian (ngemva isifo usekela Omkhulu) Mihailom Romanovym boyar Volyns'ke (ukhokho sizana Dmitriya Donskogo) ngineminyaka engu-16. Kamuva, ekhulwini le-18., I izindlu okungewakho umlawuli-YaseCrimea Dolgoruky. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. ifa isibe "etemibhalo isidleke" Russian Symbolist izimbongi. Izihlahla kuleli paki ubudala khumbula Bryusov, K. Balmont futhi A. White;
  • Peredelkino - ngempela kufanele emagama lahlukene. Lena "edolobheni komlobi", ezihambisana amagama abalobi abaningi ebaluleke ngempela namaSoviet futhi Russian kanye izimbongi. Namuhla e Peredelkino siyindlu-Museum of Chukovsky, uBoris Pasternak, Okudzhava, Museum-igalari Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Eduze sigodi esontweni uMsindisi isimo futhi Compound wezinzalamizi - yokuhlala Umbhishobhi omkhulu eMoscow All Russia Kirill.

Mayelana izakhiwo Russian

Architecture unendima ebalulekile e izakhiwo zesonto Russian. Akahambi ezijulile kule ndawo, kuyafaneleka ukuthi ejwayelekile isonto Russian namanje liyabonakala kusukela ukuma Dome, "hipped" (mnogopridelnosti) izakhiwo.
Futhi kusukela amapaki ejwayelekile futhi izigodi eMoscow 17-19 eminyaka. ngempela kuhlanganisa esontweni, kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukubona futhi ahlaziye ukuthi amabandla eyakhelwe. Yiqiniso, canons kanye "uhlamvu Russian" ukulondoloza isitayela. Kodwa ukuhlukahluka mnandi:

  • e Dubrovitsy, ungabona "imiklamo yobuciko" kakhulu (kusukela Baroque) isonto eduze eMoscow. Ngo besenze nesitayela esifanako lakhiwa futhi esigodlweni, kodwa kamuva kwathiwa kabusha ngokuvumelana nomoya classicism;

  • Bykov - ekwakhiweni 2 storey isonto ngekhulu le-18. Waba khona abadumile wezakhiwo Russian Vasily Bazhenov nabafundi bakhe. Ngo besenze nesitayela esifanako bokwakha Masonic futhi lakha esigodlweni Manor. Eceleni esakhiwe isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi (Taman wezakhiwo) futhi izindlela web epaki emadanyini ukudala isimo eziningi ongasoze walibaleka, ikakhulukazi ehlobo-ekwindla isikhathi;
  • Bratsevo - inxuluma phakathi komuzi, lapho kukhona epaki ngesiNgisi. Ungaqala ukuvakashela izakhiwo eMoscow: Manor Countess Stroganov Palace, Bandla intercession, bheka 2 no-5 ibhuloho Manor farmstead izakhiwo ukubamba ubuhle nomoya izigodi nezasemalokishini izigodi. Bese-ke kuyoba lula ukuya ukuhamba endaweni eMoscow.

Ukusekelwa futhi Russian abaculi

Ukusekelwa (ukusekelwa Isayensi Art) wazalelwa e-Russia ekhulwini le-18. wafinyelela usadlondlobele maphakathi nawo kwekhulu le-19. Izigodi zezwe kanye zamakhosi umuzi wabuthana iqoqo lemiqulu eyisimanga art Russian futhi Western Europe, iqoqo lezincwadi ezingavamile.
Ngakho-ke, izindlu eziningi nezigodlo esifundeni laseMoscow eyaziwa ngokuba abanikazi, abashisekeli Nokho, njengoba ngaso sonke isikhathi, emlandweni akukho ocacile, futhi kukhona zemigwaqo eminingi.
Ngo Abramtsevo walondoloza eyodwa storey Manor endlini kwekhulu le-18., Yikuphi isampula izakhiwo Russian lokhuni. Umnikazi Abramtsevo kwaba umbhali Aksakov ( "I-Scarlet Imbali"), okuyinto wavakashelwa abangane bakhe - Gogol, Turgenev, Tyutchev.


Lapho engxenyeni 2nd kwekhulu le-19. umnikazi we izindlu kwaba usozimboni futhi UMuphi S. Morozov, kuthiwa abaculi M. Vrubel, V. Vasnetsov, Polenov, Repin, Serov isebenza. Kwakuthinta lapha wazalelwa 'Abramtsevo Umbuthano "- lobuciko-creative Union, ihlose ukuthuthukisa Russian art kazwelonke.
Ngemva inguquko ka-1917, isiko waqhubeka I. Grabar, Konchalovsky, V. Mukhina. Namuhla Abramtsevo Museum embukisweni siqukethe ezingaphezu kwezingu-25 eziyinkulungwane ziphephile :. Painting, ukudweba, ebaziwe, imisebenzi yobuciko zokuhlobisa futhi abantu.

Abanye, mhlawumbe kakhulu, ...

Nakho kuyinto okufanele Ukukhuluma kukhona izindlu eduze eMoscow, ivulekele umphakathi:

  1. Arkhangelsk - omunye izigodi ambalwa walondoloza kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, kuhlanganise Ensemble yezakhiwo kanye epaki isitayela classical .. Futhi amaqoqo art nabanikazi yangaphambili Odoevskogo Golitsyn, Yusupov kwaba yisisekelo icebile Museum embukisweni;
  2. Kuskovo - Manor Sheremetev Ibala. Isigodlo Ilondolozwe, indlu isiNtaliyane, indlu-Dutch, sivale indlela engena emgedeni. On the izindlu itholakala State Museum of Ceramics;

  3. Wedge - indawo elihlobene ne yokuphila umqambi Tchaikovsky eminyakeni edlule. Namuhla, indlu-Museum lapha, okuyinto idale isimo lokusungula, ukuphila kanye nokuphila umculi omkhulu.

Ngidabukile ... (kodwa hhayi kuphela)

izigodi eziningi futhi izigodi kukhona in a state of ekubhujisweni. Izizathu ukuthi eMoscow ishiywe izigodi libe nendawo yalo - ukungabi khona abanikazi, abanikazi akanandaba, ukusetshenziswa izakhiwo nezinye izinjongo.
nemibono Sober yomlando ngalolu daba ethi:

  1. Life kanye izigodi bachuma mansions seziphelile, kanye ngekhulu le-19.
  2. izenzakalo kakhulu okuphazamisayo iphutha emphilweni eRussia ngekhulu lama-20., Ukuthi lapha ngokushesha ngakho baqala kabusha konke ehlangene esidlule zomlando.
  3. Kodwa kukhona ukuqonda ukuthi lokhu esikhathini esidlule, esimelwe ukwazi futhi lapho kumele agcinwe, okusho ukuthi manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sizodingida ukuvuselelwa kanye nokubuyiselwa, bashiya nedlelo Manor ziyojabula nathi ubuhle bayo.

Bese:

  • Dugino - izindawo ezihambisana ne ekupheleni abaculi 19 e. . - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, futhi manje nje zikhalele, kungaba Museum yobuciko;
  • Marfino - wangaphambili resort lempi, njengoba kungabantu abangaphezulu walondoloza griffins sculpted, echibini futhi epaki iphenduke indawo enhle;
  • Nokho, Bykov - uzoma ziwohloka kancane.

endaweni Imininingwane edolobheni

Ulwazi mayelana izindlu eduze eMoscow, ivulekele umphakathi, okuningi. Itholakala esidlangalaleni, futhi ungathola imininingwane mayelana nesimo ezahlukene izigodi, izindlu, amasonto, ipaki elihle, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukuthola indawo uqobo ehambisana nanoma iyiphi izenzakalo bomlando nokulotshwa kwalo futhi kwezobuciko. Kule ndaba, izifundo zimane wezakhiwo esingenantengo Natalia Bondareva. Imisebenzi yakhe zingatholakala incazelo cishe 300 izigodi, izigodi, amasonto eMoscow, esifundeni eMoscow nezindawo ezizungezile.
Natalia Bondarev kuye ukwenza lo msebenzi kusukela ngo-1996, futhi ngokungangabazeki, ufanelwe izwi sibonga nokwazisa akwenzayo inzalo wesimanje nezesikhathi esizayo, echaza eMoscow izigodi, okuyinto ubeka izithombe ku domain yomphakathi. Noma ubani angakwazi ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lwabo kule ndawo.
Kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abanjalo namuhla awuwedwa, futhi ngenxa yalokho, umgwaqo esikhathini esidlule, futhi ngalo - ayivaliwe esikhathini esizayo.

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