Cherry iplamu izinhlobo ngoba emaphakathi neRussia

Njengoba eyisihlobo iplamu, cherry iplamu kusukela yokugcina has a ukumelana ephakeme nesomiso. Nokho, belingana ukuthi akanayo hardiness eyanele ukuba batshale ifomu zasendle endaweni Ubusika nesithwathwa.

umlando namasiko

Kukholakala ukuthi okokuqala ukutshala lolu izithelo waqala e-Armenia. Khona-ke plums waqala kancane lasakazekela ezindaweni isiko yezolimo lasendulo - e-Iran nase-Asia Minor, izifunda eziningi Caucasian. Phakathi ekumbeni kwenziwe oLwandle Olumnyama - ogwini eCrimea ne eCaucasus - Abavubukuli baye bathola izithelo amatshe, umsuka ezilandisa ngekhulu lesihlanu BC. Kwakuyisikhathi iplamu.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Lokhu ngesinye isikhathi eside futhi isihlahla multi-kwakubangelwa nge amagatsha eqinile olunameva ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayishumi. Ezinye izinhlobonhlobo cherry iplamu - kuyinto esiyize ne mncane amahlumela sinombala-oluhlaza. Izimbali yaleli kwezitshalo - omhlophe noma pink - angashadile. cherry iplamu izinhlobo self-impova ekuqaleni ziphenduke ngokushesha, bese, ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, inani lokukhula encishisiwe kakhulu. Izihlahla futhi ezihlabayo sebeqala ukwakha iziqongo futhi amagatsha overgrowing. Lokhu kungenxa Awakening of ithule efihlekile.

Ngesikhathi izitshalo fruiting kulo mndeni, kuhlanganise cherry iplamu izinhlobo ngoba iviyo phakathi, iza kuphela ngomnyaka wesibili noma lesine emva kokutshala. Izimbali ka siqala yakhe, kuncike esifundeni maphakathi no-May, futhi kamuva. Ngokwesibonelo, iplamu ngokuba indawo phakathi ezweni lethu ukhiqiza efihlekile kanyekanye namahlamvu.

Yokuvuthwa senzeka ezindaweni eningizimu e-June, kuthatha kuze ekuqaleni kuka-October - kuncike ukuma ezihlukahlukene. Isithelo kuyinto drupe. Uhlelo impande engadini isiko ayijulile, ngakho lesi sitshalo kungenziwa itshalwe futhi ezindaweni lapho kukhona yokusondelana - elilodwa amamitha isigamu - komhlaba. Nakuba izinhlobo eningizimu cherry iplamu ekuseni nesomiso nemithi eyanele, akuzona ebusika-eziqinile.

Ukukhetha

Plums ithakazelisa kakhulu futhi kulula enqubeni yokweqha ezahlukene nezinhlobonhlobo plums. Ngenxa yalesi ke izici Ochwepheshe ephethwe ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-cherry iplamu izinhlobo zadalwa ngoba ngumgogodla Russia, ngisho e-North, ngubani abe nezinguqulo izakhiwo oluhambelana kuya kwezimo ezinzima khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalimi bakwazile ukuhlanganisa e zenyathi ahlukene eziningana izici ezibalulekile zinhlobo ezahlukene. Lokhu izici ezifana hardiness okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ezinkulu-fruited, ngcono izinga izithelo, nokunye. D.

izinhlobonhlobo Winter-eziqinile

Abazalanisi sisasebenza ukudalwa izinhlobo ezintsha kwalesi silwane izithelo izitshalo. Mangisho ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwadingeka izinhlobo ngokwanele "vishnenosnoy iplamu", kukhona ngisho izinhlobo ebusika-eziqinile cherry iplamu ngoba iviyo maphakathi - kulezo zindawo Russian lapho yesithwathwa ezinzima zivamile. Phakathi kwezinye izinzuzo zaleli isiko ochwepheshe shayela njengoba izimfuno zawo ongaphakeme ku ukuvundisa Ukwakheka inhlabathi, ukubukeka ekuqaleni izithelo futhi, yebo, isivuno eliphezulu. Zonke lezi zici ziye zaholela ukuthandwa lesi sitshalo, kodwa ngoba namuhla cishe nayo yonke eminye iplamu engadini ezivamile.

Ukukhulela eRussia emaphakathi izinhlobo ezintsha ebusika-eziqinile lwenziwe sibonga kungenzeka yokuthi kukhona izinhlobonhlobo enjalo, okuyinto abe inzuzo enkulu phezu nezinye izinhlobo izithelo itshe. Kulokhu, ekuqaleni, ambalwa babekholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka lithathelwe yaleli kwezitshalo ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima of ngokulinganisela sezulu yezwekazi.

"Iplamu Russian"

Ekupheleni kwe-sezolimo namahlathi YaseCrimea leminyaka elidlule G. Eremin ukuthi ewela osuvele hybrid iplamu kanye frost izinhlobo ezahlukene izihlahla. Ngenxa yalokho, baye wadala izinhlobo eziningi nge izakhiwo emangalisayo. Bonke sasimunye emndenini ambiza ngokuthi 'nkinga Russian. "

Izinhlobonhlobo best of cherry iplamu for eRussia emaphakathi kanye nezifunda elise kuya enyakatho, aziyeka ngokubekezela kahle amabili ngezansi. Sinenkosi kahle efanayo ukhokhokazi yabo. Ukunambitheka kanye nosayizi izithelo zalezi cultivars awela ngisho efanayo kakhulu iplamu eningizimu. Nzalo, amalungu aleli qembu elithi, namuhla kukhona kwezinhlobo engaphezudlwana nje kwemithathu kweshumi.

Izimpawu ezintsha zezitshalo

Awela ukukhula kule nemibandela ezinzima Russian yesithwathwa zenyathi "plums Russian" kukhona ukubukeka ekuqaleni izithelo. fruiting yabo iqala ku ngonyaka wesibili noma ngowesithathu, bese kukhona njalo ngonyaka. Ukukhiqiza, okuyinto libhekene isiko hybrid enjalo siphakeme ngokwanele. Plum, betshala futhi anakekele kule lane maphakathi okuyinto kungaqali ezahlukene ikakhulukazi labo wababe wayo oseningizimu, isibonelo, edolobheni, ne isihlahla ngasinye ungaveza kusukela kwabaneminyaka engamashumi amabili kuya amahlanu khilogremu izithelo okumnandi namanzi.

Ihlala Isikhathi Esingakanani I -hybrid sawela izinhlobo - mayelana amabili eminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "iplamu Russian" entsha linamandla nezilokazane nezifo ezihlukahlukene ngokuvamile ezithinta izinhlobo eziningi izithelo.

I Ochwepheshe uqaphele esinye isici sobuntu bakhe ngokubonisa ukuthi ulungile ukutshala nepulamuzi cherry ezonini phakathi ezweni lethu ku sezulu esipholile Continental, lapho ezinyangeni zasebusika yesithwathwa kanzima futhi thaws ngokuvamile landela nomunye, lesi sitshalo ingekho podoprevaniya impande esiphikeni. Lokhu, ngokusho balimi abanolwazi, buwusizo oluyigugu kakhulu milisa, namasiko siqu-anezimpande ka othela izithelo. Lokhu kwaba i-agumenti zokugcina ngenxa yokuthi kwakukhona izihlahla iplamu ezindaweni eziningi-Central European yeRussia.

Ukutshala kanye Ukunakekela

Ngo ibhande maphakathi nezwe le isiko ukukhanya-onothando ayikwazi ukubeka ezindaweni ezimnyama. Breed izinhlobo hybrid cherry iplamu ngokuyinhloko ngokuxhunyelelwa - luthela futhi, kwezinye izimo, amathambo noma oluhlaza, cuttings kancane bok. Abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukuhlala ngokwahlukana futhi ukufakelwa futhi impande ukukhula.

Lapho ekhula izithombo iplamu ethathwe oluhlaza bok cuttings, rooting okufanele iqhutshwe ngaphansi kwezimo lapho kungenzeka ukudala inkungu yokufakelwa, lapho i-pre-sibanikeze stimulators ekukhuleni.

Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu yokutshala cherry iplamu GADI band phakathi eRussia kwentwasahlobo ngokushesha lapho iqhwa liyancibilika. Ibambezelekile ekubeni afakwe phansi zokutshala impahla akufanele kube, ngoba izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa plant, okuyinto sekuqalile sikhule futhi efihlekile zingavuvukalanga, ke uyasinda sibi kakhulu. Ngo ekwindla, le nqubo engathandeki ngenxa izici ezihambisana nesiko frost.

Ibanga phakathi imigodi lokubikezela kufanele kube kusuka ngamamitha amathathu kuya kweziyisithupha. Kuya ngokuthi hlobo cherry iplamu izinhlobo kutshalwa futhi kanjani they akha umqhele. Izinhlobo eziningi zama-"Russian iplamu" samobesplodny, ngakho badinga ezithutha impova komakhelwane. Lokhu kungaba izinhlobo ezifana "ibhola elibomvu", "ukubonakala ekuqaleni" futhi t. D.

Nqampuna futhi Pest

Lokhu abakhwabanisi ezindaweni eningizimu ekhula ngamamitha ayishumi, kuyilapho iplamu eRussia emaphakathi, nakuba ithuthuka ngokushesha, kodwa ukuphakama kwalo esiphezulu - 5-6 m Noma kunjalo, kufanele kwenziwe njalo ilungiswe, okuyinto izodluliselwa ukuba ukubulawa .. Uma ukususwa enamandla amagatsha kungakhuphula ukukhula vegetative umqhele, kodwa kuzokwenzeka ngezithukuthuku isivuno.

Plums, nakuba kancane ehlaselwe izifo kanye izinambuzane Nokho, kungashaya borers omnyama noma ithusi, iplamu noma prozhorka sawfly kanye apula Jose esikalini. Ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi ezithile engadini udinga ukuba afeze izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Lapho ekhetha inhlabathi cherry iplamu izinhlobo ukuze eRussia emaphakathi akulona ngikhetha. Abakwazi sikhule ngisho, nithele izithelo, lapho ezinye izithelo itshe kuyoba ungakhululekile futhi benqaba ukunikeza isivuno. Into esemqoka - ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele, bese engadini ngeke ziyaqhakaza injabulo ngokuba plums okumnandi Wik plums yayo belle.

Amabanga ngoba iviyo maphakathi

Impendulo kulabo abaye sebevele ukubeka esizeni sakhe ukuthi "abakhwabanisi Russian", ikakhulukazi izakhamuzi eMoscow, basikisela ukuthi lokhu isiko kahle ngokwanele ukubekezelela yesithwathwa ezinzima. Iqiniso lokuthi sekuyisikhathi eside plums saphela isiko eningizimu, yamjabulisa eziningi.

Abalimi abanolwazi uncamela sikhule nzalo ukuthi zihlobene iziteshi zokuhlola YaseCrimea Institute of Plant Industry. Basuke zihlukaniswa umkhiqizo hhayi kuphela okusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi ngakhula hardiness ebusika, kodwa kuya nezilokazane ukumelana ezifweni. izinhlobo eziningi izimpawu isikhathi esiluliwe of nokuvuthwa. Bokuqala ukukhula kanye cherry ngasekupheleni. nzalo Abaningi slaboroslye, ngakho abalimi ukugubha hhayi kuphela kalula ukubanakekela, kodwa futhi kube lula ukuvuna.

"Timiryazevskaya"

Izinhlobonhlobo eziningi ebusika-eziqinile bungabalwa phakathi abaningi. "Traveller" - ne ekuqaleni izikhathi yokuvuthwa nezithelo isilinganiso nesisindo amathathu amagremu. Umuthi has a ukukhula naphakathi ngesilinganiso umqhele kwabantu. Winter hardiness we ezihlukahlukene ephezulu isilinganiso nesomiso ukubekezelelana. "Traveller" nomuthi ngamunye angakhiqiza, ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle kuze kufinyelele khilogremu ayisihlanu cherry iplamu ukunambitheka enuka omuncu.

Ibanga "Ruby" ochwepheshe bathi le zilwane nge ngokwesilinganiso izikhathi yokuvuthwa. Anakho izithelo amnyama ebomvu, uginindela namanzi. Winter hardiness cherry iplamu kakhulu.

"Comet Kuban" libhekisela engxenyeni Ephakathi-samoplodnye ingqondo umuphi izithelo ezinkulu kanye namanzi uginindela fibre. Izibiliboco ophuzi iplamu sweet and omuncu. Bone akuyona ahlukaniswe. Izithelo lolu hlobo ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ukuwafaka. Umuthi has a flat-round umqhele, ke slaboroslyh futhi fruiting esiqala ngonyaka lesithathu noma lesine.

Plums "Timiryazeskaya" etholwe ngenxa impova evulekile "Kuban inkanyezi enomsila" eMoscow Agricultural Academy ngo-1991. It has a nkathi yakuqala kakhulu yokuvuthwa kanye okusezingeni eliphezulu hardiness ebusika. Lukhulu Russian phakathi band. "Timiryazevskaya" kuqhathaniswa amelana izifo, futhi isivuno isilinganiso ukubukeka ekuseni, samobesplodna. Taste izithelo lokhu ezihlukahlukene amnandi futhi omuncu, nobunye. ithambo Small kungenziwa ahlukaniswe kalula.

nezinye izinhlobo zayo eziningi ezikhula, ezifana "umSkithe Gold", "Cleopatra", "Nesmeyana", "Mara", "Yethula i-Saint-Petersburg" nokunye. E., Have ngokuyisisekelo ukuphakama isilinganiso kanye ububanzi ekupheleni noma umqhele okwehliswayo. amagatsha zabo lisakazeka. Abaningi babo, isibonelo, iplamu efanayo "umSkithe Gold", "Jari", "Pramen" nokunye. E., Ingabe ekuqaleni ukukhula. Izithelo iningi labo afinyelela amathathu amagremu, amnandi kanye namanzi. Naphezu ezithela iphansana - ne esihlahleni ngamunye amakhilogremu amane - lezi amamaki Uthole eziningi udumo ngenxa izici ezifana frost okusezingeni eliphezulu ukumelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe zonke izinhlobonhlobo "iplamu Russian" aziguli izifo fungal.

izakhiwo awusizo

Cherry iplamu izinhlobo izinhlobo hybrid azigcini nje ngokuhluka umbala kodwa futhi ngobukhulu futhi ukunambitheka. Zingaba noma inhlaka noma pink okhanyayo, futhi orange lokuyibubende amnyama, ngisho variegated. Kusukela umbala izithelo incike yawo yamakhemikhali Ukwakheka: ophuzi citric ngaphezulu acid kanye noshukela, futhi ebumnyameni eziningi pectin. Ukunambitheka sivezwe njengoba amnandi, Ukuthoma uju-enongiwe futhi kakhulu ene-asidi.

Inyama izithelo cherry iplamu aminyene futhi ithenda kakhulu. Amathambo, njengoba umthetho, izinhlobonhlobo eziningi ahlukaniswe ngempela kalula.

Izithelo iplamu noma "iplamu Russian" iqukethe amaphesenti angu-nantathu ushukela, kuze kube eziyisikhombisa - of acid organic, mayelana 1.5% - pectin kanye tannins, nitrogen nokumbiwa izinto, abaningi carotene ne amavithamini C, B, A, B2, E , PP. Ngo imbewu nucleus cishe isigamu sezindela amalungu - iyona uwoyela, ikhwalithi liseduze kakhulu um-alimondi.

Kusukela Indaphundaphu cherry iplamu izithelo namuhla abaningi umpheki ujamu kanye ujamu marmalade upheke marshmallow, ulisebenzise njengendlela isithokelo for izitsha. Izithelo iziphuzo, ujusi, cordials, iwayini, jelly - ". Plums Russian" yonke le ingenziwa Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa nezinjongo zokwelapha noma prophylactic. Kukholakala ukuthi izithelo cherry iplamu usizo olukhulu nge hypovitaminosis, futhi lula ukuhlaselwa fever rheumatism. Basuke ebekiwe njengoba prophylaxis iziguli nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kubalulekile, isifo sofuba, noma i-pneumonia. Isizathu salokhu lokusebenza ukuthi ukubunjwa yayo alycha chemical ithuthukisa permeability e imithambo yegazi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umehluko oyinhloko kusukela iplamu iplamu cherry siwukuthi bangamalungu kahle ongema emthini, cishe falling uma sesivuthiwe. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi isihlahla ngokwawo ongaphakeme ke rip kubo akunzima. Uma isivuno ngisho nangaphambi yokuvuthwa nokutholwa yokugcina ezihlukahlukene engavamile umbala, it has a kahle uvuthwe endaweni epholile umoya. Enye plus - kulula ukuthutha futhi eside eshalofini yokuphila cherry iplamu.