Graphene kwebhethri zemoto kagesi

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ikusasa embonini yezimoto iwukuba izimoto kagesi. Phesheya, kukhona izikweleti iyiphi ingxenye engu ukuthengisa izimoto kufanele zibe nzalo noma ukusebenzisa ugesi, ngakho imali okutshalwa kuwo izimali hhayi kuphela ukukhangisa izimoto, kodwa futhi ekwakhiweni amagalaji.

Nokho, abantu abaningi namanje elinde izimoto kagesi iyoba izimbangi wangempela izimoto ezivamile. Noma mhlawumbe okuyoba yiyo lapho isikhathi ukushaja kuyehla, futhi ukuphila kwebhetri kuzokhulisa? Mhlawumbe lokhu kuzosiza esintwini Graphene amabhethri.

Kuyini Graphene?

isizukulwane esisha impahla wamavukelambuso, elula futhi isikhathi eside kakhulu, iningi kagesi conductive - kumayelana Graphene, engesiyo ngaphezu ngehele mgudumbili carbon athomu eyodwa nje obukhulu. I Abadali Graphene, uKonstantin Novoselov futhi Andre Geim, iwine uMklomelo KaNobel. Ngokuvamile, phakathi ukuvulwa kanye ekuqaleni ukusetshenziswa esisebenzayo yalesi ukutholakala practice ugijima isikhathi eside, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho namashumi eminyaka, Nokho, Graphene akusho nokufanayo efanayo. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokuthi Geim futhi Novoselov angikufihlelanga ubuchwepheshe yayo ukukhiqizwa.

Abenzi kuphela sasixoxa ngakho emhlabeni wonke, kodwa futhi baye babonisa ukuthi kukhona ividiyo ku-YouTube, lapho Konstantin Novoselov watshela ngokuningiliziwe ngalobu buchwepheshe. Ngakho mhlawumbe ngokushesha singenza ngisho Graphene amabhethri ngezandla zabo.

design

Imizamo ukusebenzisa Graphene babe cishe yonke imikhakha yesayensi. It wazama e amabhethri solar, ama-headphone, amacala ngisho wazama aphathe umdlavuza. Nokho, okwamanje yezinto ethembisayo futhi ezidingekayo ukuze isintu - ibhethri Graphene. Khumbula ukuthi ngo-izinzuzo ezinjalo elingenakuphikwa njengoba zokubasa ezishibhile futhi imvelo, izimoto kagesi abe ethile sina - kuqhathaniswa ongaphakeme ngesivinini esiphezulu futhi inqolobane amandla akukho amakhilomitha abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu.

Ukuxazulula le nkinga kwekhulu

ibhethri Graphene isebenza isimiso esifanayo njengoba phambili nge ane-alikhali noma electrolyte ene-asidi. Lesi simiso ukusabela electrochemical. Ngokusho idivayisi ibhethri kufana lithium Graphene ion electrolyte okuqinile, lapho cathode kuyinto amalahle coke, eduze ukubunjwa ukuba carbon okumsulwa.

Nokho, manje phakathi onjiniyela ukuthuthukisa Graphene ibhethri, kukhona ezimbili isiqondiso bahluke. ososayensi U.S baye basikisela okwenza cathode ka Graphene ne-silicon eziyizingcwecwana okufakwe nomunye, futhi anode - we-classic lithium ayibe. onjiniyela Russian bathole esinye isixazululo. Toxic futhi kuyabiza lithium usawoti kungenzeka esikhundleni imvelo futhi ezishibhile magnesium oxide. umthamo webhethri luyanda kunoma isiphi isimo ngokwandisa izinga ndima ion komunye electrode kwenye. Lokhu kufezwa ngoba Graphene has Inkomba eziphakeme Kwe-dielectric Heating kanye nekhono buthelela kagesi.

Imibono zihlukaniswe izazi emisha: onjiniyela Russian zithi Graphene amabhethri nomthamo izikhathi ezimbili ezingaphezu kuka-lithium-ion, kodwa nozakwabo bakwamanye amazwe, bathi ku eziyishumi.

Graphene amabhethri ayifake ekukhiqizweni ngo-2015. Ngokwesibonelo, kuye kwaba inkampani Spanish Graphenano. Ngokusho umenzi, ukusetshenziswa kwalezi amabhethri izimoto kagesi ezimakethe Logistics sikhombisa amathuba yangempela nasendabeni cathode Graphene ibhethri. Ukuze ukushaja ngokugcwele kuthatha imizuzu eyisishiyagalombili. Umkhawulo endleleni obuphelele unamandla ukwandisa amabhethri Graphene. Ukushaja 1,000 km esikhundleni angamakhulu amathathu - ukuthi ufuna ukunikela abathengi Graphenano corporation.

ESpain China

Nge Graphenano ubambisana inkampani Chinese Chint, okuyinto ngithenge 10% esigxotsheni abaseSpain Corporation for 18 million euros. On ukwakhiwa ahlangene izindawo oyokwenziwa nge amabili zokukhiqiza imigqa zalesi sihlahla. Le phrojekthi kakade lithole abangaba yizigidi ezingu-30-zimali nayo iyitshalwa ukufakwa imishini nokuqasha abasebenzi. Loluhlelo lokuqala kwakungewona umsebenzi ukuqala isitshalo ukukhiqiza abacishe babe yizigidi ezingu-80 amaseli. Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala, emakethe oyinhloko abe China, bese kuhlelwa ukuqala ukudiliva kwamanye amazwe.

Ngo esigabeni sesibili, uhlelo Chint inkampani ilungele ukutshala ezingu-350-euro ukwakhiwa kwesinye isitshalo, okuzoba abasebenzi wawo kungathi izinkulungwame eziyisihlanu. Lezi zinombolo kayimangazi uma ucabangela ukuthi lemali engenayo kungaba ezingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu-euro. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-China, eyaziwa ngezinkinga zayo nge imvelo, bazonikezwa eco-friendly futhi ezishibhile "fuel". Nokho, njengoba singakwazi ukugcina, ngaphezu izicelo ephezulu sephrofayela, ukukhanya angibonanga lutho, kuphela senye. Nakuba Volkswagen Corporation yaphinde yamemezela inhloso yayo ukubambisana Graphenano.

Ukulindela Reality

Ebaleni e 2017, okusho ukuthi Graphenano wahlanganyela zokukhiqiza "omkhulu" amabhethri iminyaka emibili, kodwa endleleni ukuhlangabezana imoto kagesi - siyindlala hhayi kuphela eRussia. Zonke Ukucaciswa nedatha ezikhishwe corporation, kunalokho esingachaziwe. Ngokuvamile, baba abeqeli ngalé ezivamile imibono theory ngalokho nemingcele kufanele abe ibhethri Graphene i zemoto kagesi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuze kube manje konke lokho okuye ethulwa kokubili abathengi kanye zimali - iyona ikhompyutha onobuhle kuphela, akukho prototypes yangempela. Iyanezela Izinkinga yokuthi Graphene - a ukwaziswa eqolo ukukhiqiza. Naphezu izitatimende elikhulu ososayensi sendlela kungaba "libhalwe kwamadolo!", Kulesigaba uphathe kuphela ukwehlisa izindleko ezinye izingxenye.

Graphene futhi izwe emakethe

Abasekeli bathi zonke izinhlobo imibono zungu ukuthi akekho ukubukeka inzuzo ka imoto enjalo, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi amafutha engena ngemuva, futhi ngaleyo ndlela sinciphise imali ukukhiqizwa yayo. Nokho, cishe, onjiniyela zibhekene nezinkinga ezithile, kodwa ungafuni ukukhangisa ke. Igama elithi "ikholomu" manje ekulalelweni, abaningi bakubheka njengodumo noma impahla ka esikhathini esizayo, ngakho mhlawumbe, ososayensi ungafuni ezingonakalisa idumela lakhe.

Imiraro ukuthuthukiswa

Nokho, uma kungaba njalo, nokuthi izinto is ezintsha ngempela, ngakho-ke, kudinga indlela efanele. Mhlawumbe amabhethri kanye Graphene kumele kube ngokuyisisekelo ukuhluka bendabuko lithium-ion noma lithium-polymer.

Kukhona omunye umbono. Graphenano Corporation imemezele ukuthi amabhethri ezintsha icala kumaminithi ayisishiyagalombili nje. Ochwepheshe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lo ngempela kungenzeka, kodwa amandla ugesi kufanele kube yini engaphansi megawatt, kungenzeka ukuhlola izimo ngesikhathi isitshalo, kodwa hhayi ekhaya. Ukwakhiwa inombolo ezanele amagalaji sinekhono ngeke ukhokhe imali eningi, intengo okukodwa impela high, ngakho Graphene kwebhethri imoto ngeke abalethanga izinzuzo.

Prakthiza ebonisa ukuthi isikhathi eside ubuchwepheshe wamavukelambuso lishumekwe eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke. Kuyadingeka ukuba ukuqhuba ezihlukahlukene ukuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha umkhiqizo, ngakho ukukhululwa amadivayisi entsha yezobuchwepheshe ngokuvamile imisiwe iminyaka eminingi.