Classic - lokhu ... Noma abameleli bhá kwezincwadi Russian classical

Isikhathi esining impela thina uzwa igama elithi "classical" noma "zakudala". Kodwa lokho linamathele incazelo yaleli gama?

Classic - lena ...

Igama elithi "zakudala 'inezincazelo eziningi. sichazamagama selulwimi lunye Iningi has omunye wabo - zabuna: izincwadi, umculo, ubuciko noma izakhiwo. Futhi, leli gama lisetshenziselwa maqondana ezinye izibonelo ubuciko, ezifana "zabuna uhlobo." Nokho, ngokuvamile kakhulu ukubalula eside ekhuluma nenkathi ethile e ukuthuthukiswa Indlela yobuciko, ungakhohlwa yokuthi phakathi abalobi classical zibekwa nje ezinye impumelelo. Lezo zincwadi kuthathwa njengesibikezelo esiyiso zakudala konke okuye kwabhalwa ekhulwini 18-19. Ekhulwini lama-20, kunikeza indlela eya yesimanjemanje zakudala. abalobi-modernists Abaningi wadinga ukuchitha isiko predsshestvuyuschey, wazama ukuthola ezintsha ifomu, indaba ephathwayo, okuqukethwe. Nokho, abanye basebenzisa imisebenzi ngaphambili izinjongo zabo. Ngakho, imisebenzi postmodern egcwele kungabhekisela futhi ukhumbula izinsuku esezadlula.

Classic - lokhu kuyinto zizohlala imfashini. Lena iphethini ololonga yalelozwe yethu, eveza yonke izici isikhathi isizwe inikezwe.

Yini abalobi kungenziwa ngokuthi zabuna?

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, phakathi kwababusi zabuna hhayi ukubhalisa umbhali ngamunye, kodwa labo abamagama umsebenzi kuphela uye waba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni isiko Russian. Mhlawumbe abalobi bokuqala classical abaye washiya uphawu okuphawulekayo emlandweni izincwadi Russian - a Lomonosov futhi Derzhavin.

Mihail vasilevich Lomonosov

Indalo yakhe etemibhalo ewela Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-18. Waphayona ezindaweni ezifana classicism, ngakho akubalwa phakathi zabuna besikhathi sakhe, akunakwenzeka. Lomonosov negalelo elikhulu, hhayi kuphela ezincwadini kodwa futhi yezilimi (egqanyisiwe ngolimi lwendabuko izitayela ezintathu), kanye-chemistry, i-physics kanye mathematics. Okubaluleke kakhulu ngale proivedeniya bakhe:. "Morning / Kusihlwa sizindle soMkhulu Kwaphezulu," "Ode to ukubusa ...", "Ingxoxo no Anacreon", "Incwadi yezinzuzo ingilazi" Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi eminingi yemibhalo olusankondlo Lomonosov waba umlingisi imitative. Encwadini yakhe ethi, Mikhail Vasilyevich wawuqondiswa Horace nezinye abalobi classical.

UGavrilă Romanovich Derzhavin

Classic izincwadi kwekhulu le-18 imelelwa elinye igama - ke UGavrilă Romanovich Derzhavin. I proizvdeniya eziphawuleka kakhulu lo mbhali: "Isikhumbuzo", "Felitsa". Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 kwaba bhá sibalo olusankondlo owayenganikela ukudlula yena yedwa Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin.

Kunzima ukuba aqambe zonke abalobi bhá angaleso sikhathi. * zabuna Russian ocebile emagameni talantlvye. I zabuna ingathiwa Fonvizin, Krylov, Karamzin, Zhukovsky.

Ngekhulu le-19, okwakubizwa ngokuthi inkathi yokuphana izincwadi Russian, kwenzakala namanje licace kwalowo odlule. Konke lokhu kwaqala inkathi wayeyisazi enkulu - Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina.

Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin

"Wanakekelwa umphefumulo lwesintu" - lo mugqa wakwazi ukwaba e Pushkin sika izinkondlo umhlaziyi VG Belinsky. Pushkin wakwazi ukuguqula isiRashiya, wamnika Ubulula - into okuyinto entula abalobi bekhulu le-18. izinkondlo wakhe ugcwele ubumnene neqiniso, it is sigcwele uthando olukhulu indoda, ekuphileni, emhlabeni. Bala imisebenzi eyinhloko umbhali akunakwenzeka, ngoba uhlu mude kakhulu. Mhlawumbe kufanele nakanjani ukugqamisa inoveli yakhe evesini "Eugene Onegin", abizwa ngokufanele okuthiwa Belinsky "encyclopedia ukuphila Russian." Zonke uthando ezweni yayiyingxenye kule ncwadi encane umsebenzi lyric-amaqhawe, ngaphezu kwalokho, Pushkin, like ubani omunye, ephethwe wasithatha okushiwo kwenkathi, kanye ukudala uhlamvu zesifazane abahlukile uye atholakele kwaqhubeka phakathi nayo yonke imibhalo okwalandela. Inhlangano yokuqala iza igama elithi "zakudala" - kuba Pushkin.

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov

Lo mlobi ngobulungisa ubizwe owalandela Pushkin. Kodwa emisebenzini yakhe ukudlala kancane nokuvuleka, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izosha Lermontov ngezinye izikhathi elibuhlungu, ngezinye izikhathi enobudlova ngabantu. Lermontov wayibona ngokucacile isizungu sakhe, nabantu edwengula. Konke lokhu kuholele umugqa izinkondlo zakhe. Izincwadi zakudala - kwaba inoveli yakhe "A Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu." Lapha umbhali uye wasebenza njengoba wezengqondo Okuyınqo, esibonisa olujulile impikiswano. Le noveli inikeza izikhala elanele reflection, futhi kuyinto umbandela esisemqoka zakudala.

Nikolay vasilevich Gogol

abalobi Classical Engxenyeni kwekhulu le-19 yesibili, ukulandelela umlando wabo emsebenzini Gogol sika, umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela lokuqala eRussia. Imisebenzi yakhe baye bafundiswa izinto eziningi: uthando ngezwe labo, ngothando libhekisela kubantu abafuna ukukhubazeka ngokuyinhloko ngokwazo bese uyazama ukuhlukana nabo. Imisebenzi esivelele kunazo zonke umbhali - comedy "Umhloli" futhi le nkondlo "Imiphefumulo Dead".

Abalobi isigamu kwekhulu le-19 yesibili

Phakathi izimbongi kufanele ugcizelele F. I. Tyutcheva futhi A. A. feta. Bona imakwe kuye zonke izinkondlo Engxenyeni kwekhulu le-19 yesibili. Phakathi bezincwadi eziqanjiwe - bobunjwa esikhanyayo, efana I. S. Turgenev, F. M. Dostoevsky, L. N. UTolstoy, A. P. chehov nezinye imisebenzi kwalesi sikhathi agcwele ucwaningo ngokwengqondo .. Ngamunye kule noveli namaqiniso usinika izwe okungavamile lapho zonke izinhlamvu ethathelwe egqamile futhi kubalulekile. Ayikwazi ukufunda izincwadi, futhi lutho ukucabanga ngakho. Classic - iyona yokucabanga ukujula, indiza ka fancy, umuntu oyisibonelo. Kungakhathaliseki modernists izoschralis, ethi art kufanele igcinwe kude nokuziphatha, imisebenzi abalobi classical ukusifundisa into enhle kunazo zonke ekuphileni.