Izindlela kanye nemishini long jump isiqalo ukugijima. Amazinga e-long jump

Long jump kufanele libhekisela acyclic umsebenzi hlobo. Ukuze baphumelele kulo mdlalo kudinga idatha okuhle, hhayi nje ngesivinini esikhulu, kodwa futhi ukuthuthukiswa izimfanelo ngokomzimba. Ngakho-ke, abadlali kufanele kube ubude nge isisindo iphansana.

Umlando ukuthuthukiswa kuzuba eside

Ngokokuqala ngqá mdlalo ubonakele eGrisi lasendulo. Yena wayengumbulali ingxenye eyinhloko Pentathlon. Usuku olunembile nesenzakalo akunakuba long jump nge ukugijima uqale mlando koMqulu, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi abasubathi lasendulo enze zonke izivivinyo nge umthwalo ezandleni zakhe. Ngokuvamile kuye kwaba dumbbells ezincane makeweight. Lihlala Kwakwenziwe inhlabathi Uzithukululile noma isihlabathi.

imincintiswano Esemthethweni kulo mdlalo waqala kwenziwe kanyekanye ne ukubonakala athletics. Futhi ngo-1860, kuzuba elahlanganiswa uhlelo oyinhloko kulo mqhudelwano ngonyaka e-Oxford University. Emcimbini Yaqala irekhodi amanani kubhaliswe ku 5,95 m. Kule minyaka edlule, impumelelo akekho oye wakwazi ukushaya.
Nokho, i-British kanye Tosuell Lane - abasubathi professional yokuqala long jump okuyinto kudlulwe embundwini 6 m, oyedwa 1868 kwahluleka ukufeza target of 6,40 m, kanye nezinye -. 7,05 m (1874). Iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 yerekhodi Lane (7.05 m), iyisibonelo ukulandela. Nokho, ngo-1935, edume diver American David Owen wakwazi ukunqoba uphawu 8.13 m. Leli rekhodi wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu-1960, lapho i-International Association of Athletics yadalwa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yonke imiphumela nokufeza ziye kubhaliswe ngokusemthethweni.

Njengoba isigaba yabesifazane irekhodi umnikazi kuqala kwakungumprofethi Hitomi Japanese ngo-1928, wagxuma wama 5,98 m. I-imitha eziyisithupha uphawu ngo-1939, yagqitshwa German Schulz (6.12 m).

Long jump: Izindlela

Kukhona 3 izinhlobo imishini umsebenzi kuze kube manje. Lezi izindlela zikaJehova long jump isiqalo egijima, njengoba "Wavuma", "imilenze bent" futhi "sikelo". Ngamunye wabo kudinga amakhono akhethekile amasu indiza.

The elula ukufunda futhi enze ukusukuma long jump, imilenze insaliwe. imininingwane ehilelekile yakhe eyinhloko - ukunciphisa imisipha ukungezwani kwamathanga nesisu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lo msubathi kudingeka sigobe kanye ukudonsa kuya centrifugal ukugijima ngejubane. Ezezindlu isidingo kancane esitshekile nasemuva. Kulokhu, ezandleni ifakwa eyokuqala bese phezulu. Ngokunciphisa endleleni indiza iyaqala behlukanisa. Amadolo kufanele imphakamisele phezulu nasemlenzeni engezansi ilenga ngokukhululekile. Ezezindlu asondele, izandla yakhe iqhubeke igcwaliseka kusukela phezulu, bese phansi futhi emuva. Ngesikhathi imilenze kokwehla okufanele kuqonde emadolweni. Olusindayo kule nqubo ukugcina ukulinganisela.

Indlela "Wavuma" kudinga ukuqeqeshwa eside, njengoba ayephethe kabusha nzima kakhulu umuzwa wokwenyanya. Phakathi indiza, lo msubathi kumele wehlise imilenze ligcina uthi lokuphotha luzungeza bese ibenze emuva ngangokunokwenzeka. Izandla ukwenza isekhula ezinyakazayo ukusuka phansi kuya phezulu. Kuleli qophelo, athlete libonakala bend emzimbeni. Ngenxa esisuka kwemisipha besisu lula ukuvelela izinyawo ngenkathi kokufika. Flying two-thirds endleleni, jumper kumelwe wenze tibia esiphezulu phambili, eqondisa emadolweni. Yini embi ngalo yaleli su Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abasubathi abakwazi ukusebenzisa konke ukungenelela ngesivinini yayo amakhono.

Kulezi zindlela ezingenhla, ngokuba long jump kusukela ukusuka ayefana kakhulu. Nokho, izindlela ezihlukahlukene "sikelo" libhekisela kumuntu futhi isigaba nzima kakhulu. Lapha, phakathi umsubathi indiza kufanele siqhubeke ukunyakaza zayo zemvelo (iphambana emoyeni). Ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-jumper iyadingeka ukushaya okungenani 2.5 Bala badlali labasenkhundleni. Ngalesi senzo umzimba kufanele kancane bayichezukisa nasemuva. Izandla kokwenza motion isiyingi asynchronously ngezinyawo zabo ukuba sihlale silinganisela. Ukubuthelela nge kokwehla ejwayelekile.

Long jump: Imishini

Inhloso ngqangi yalo mdlalo iwukuba ukunqoba esiphezulu ibanga ovundlile ngesikhathi indiza. Ndlela yokubamba izinhlanzi idinga long jump ezinyakazayo acyclic isakhiwo. Ukuphumelela ukuqeqeshwa kubangelwa ukuthi kungenzeka nomsubathi ukuthuthukisa isivinini yakhe. Ukuphumelela long jump akuyona kuphela sebegijima ngokushesha futhi ibenze off kakhulu, kodwa ikghono ngokulungile ngesikhathi indiza. Kuphela ngale ndlela bungatholakala kulolu hlobo imiphumela. Okubalulekile futhi inqubo kokwehla.

Abagijimi abangochwepheshe ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izindlela kuzuba ezifana "Wavuma" futhi "sikelo". Isizathu ukusetshenziswa yabo nekusebenta eliphakeme zindiza. Technique eside gxuma iyiphi yalezi zindlela kudinga izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu wekhono nabakhulu isivinini namandla izici. Begodu kuqakathekile evuthiwe ukubambisana uhlelo.

Ezikhungweni zemfundo ukuqhuba indlela elula ukuzivocavoca "eguqa imilenze yakhe." long jump, lapho yokufunda amasu akudingi isikhathi esiningi kanye namakhono akhethekile, kulula kakhulu ukwenza ngisho esemncane (iminyaka 9-10). On the Uthisha ngokomzimba kufanele sinake Wabasaqalayo ku inqubo namaqembu indiza. Kungenjalo, amathuba yokulimala.

Isigaba kokwenza long jump ihlukaniswe izigaba eziningana. Ekuqaleni wenza ebaleka umuzwa wokwenyanya, kwalandela indiza. Isinyathelo sokugcina yayiyobizwa kokufika.

Kanjani ukwenza run

Inkomba esemqoka yalolu msebenzi isivinini. On kanjani ngokushesha ehlakazekile umsubathi kuncike uhla indiza yayo, okungukuthi umphumela wokugcina. Ibanga kuya isikhala okunyanyekayo futhi inani izinyathelo ezathathwa ngamunye Ukhetsa umsubathi. Lokhu izici ngabanye, okuyinto zisekelwe nezici zabo ezingokomzimba jumper.

Abagijimi abangochwepheshe ngesikhathi kuyiwe ibanga kwamamitha 50 kwenza izinyathelo mayelana 22-24. Ngo abesifazane, ibanga ukusuka ukuqala umuzwa wokwenyanya we umdweshu ilingana m 40. Lokhu ibanga akunqoba izinyathelo 20-22. Phakathi amateur (isib ngokomzimba) kuzuba kusukela ukusuka 20 m. Kulesi simo, inani izinyathelo ezithathwe ingathathwa zibe akhawunti.

Ukusuka is evamile ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu: isiqalo, ukushesha futhi ulungiselele dudula. Isinyathelo sokuqala kungaba beka noma indlela. Qala ngokuhamba-up okwengeziwe usetha ijubane kanye namandla we gxuma, ngakho-ke kumele kugcizelelwe. Kusukela ukusukuma isiqalo umsubathi iqala ezihambayo nge uphawu oluthile, ngokubeka phambili ngonyawo olulodwa phambi kwakhe, futhi enye - emuva-kuya-uzwane. Lapha, i-ehilelekile obalulekile unyakazisa. Lapho ezihambayo umzimba emuva naphambili umsubathi uhlanganise ngamabomu maphakathi gravity, ukumisela ibhalansi elilungile. Qala nge indlela kudinga ukuthintana nge-breakpoint unyawo ethile, bese iqala Ukucabangela imithetho owamukelwa run. Ngesilinganiso iqoqo imilenze nezingalo amplitude kufanele abe ezibanzi. Kubalulekile emthambekeni umzimba ifinyelela degrees 80. Ngu ekupheleni ukusheshisa umzimba kumelwe athathe isikhundla mpo. Phakathi run-up hambisa kufanele kube ngokuqinile emgceni locondzile, ukuze kamuva ungaba push ukhululekile futhi onamandla ithrekhi. Ngo ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa nje ngaphambi kokuqala gxuma ngesilinganiso ukusheshisa kufanele kube esiphezulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, emahlombe kufanele esitshekile emuva ukhalo lungaphezu ukuba aqhubekele phambili.

Indlela yokwenza isiqalo

gxuma amasu ubude nge ukugijima akusho ukushesha kanye indiza, kodwa futhi umfutho lokuyintfo lesemcoka emphumeleni omuhle. Indlela efanele futhi abasubathi esiqine push off kusuka ku-track, kuyoba sendaba uphakeme kakhulu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ngxenye gxuma alikho eyodwa push iqakala.

Eqinisweni, umuzwa wokwenyanya iqala ukubeka unyawo uphethelo uphawu olukhethekile. Kuleli qophelo, unyawo uhlezi phezu lwaleli yangaphandle, nakuba abanye abadlali sigudluke maphakathi gravity ngokuqondile isithende kuye ozwaneni. Kunoma ikuphi, izinyawo ezitjhelelako phambili kumele abe phakathi 2 kuya 5 cm.

umuzwa wokwenyanya kahle kule long jump ibangelwa esithile esikhethekile sokuphatha unyawo. Umlenze ukugijima kufanele ibheke ku-degrees 70 futhi kancane ibheke at kwedolo. Beginners musa batusa Esimweni esinjalo, ngoba imisipha umlenze ayikahlanganiswa sezingeni elithuthukile futhi jumper bangase balahlekelwe ukulinganisela, ngamanye amazwi, wehluleka ukubhekana amabutho ukuphendula ukwesekwa, ezithinta imilenze yakhe nomzimba. Ngemva kokuthi i-spurt kokuqala ebusweni inyonga kwamajoyinti unbend. Ngalesi sikhathi, umlenze centrifugal baletha naphezulu, enwetshiwe ngokugcwele. Lokhu okwamanje kuphawulwa yokwanda elibukhali umthwalo imisipha futhi uhlelo inertia jumper. Lesi simo kwezemidlalo libizwa mpo. Phakathi umuzwa wokwenyanya kudingekile ukwenza ukubhakuzisa izandla. Lokhu kuzokhulisa okukubangelayo kuthinta amandla.

Into ukuthola maximal umuzwa wokwenyanya mpo isivinini sokuhamba ukunyakaza ovundlile (ukusuka). Ukushesha ukufohla, aba maningi ukuphakama gxuma. I-engeli elikhulu sokusuka 22 degrees. Kufika avunyelwe umzimba ukuphambuka, kodwa kuphela ku-eksisi ukunyakaza ngokukhululekile.

I oluyilo imishini indiza

Ngemva isigaba umuzwa wokwenyanya kusuka ku-track ku-athlete iqala olusindayo - ukunyakaza emoyeni. Flying is nzima kakhulu ukwenza lento. gxuma amasu ubude isiqalo egijima akudingi nje kuphela kulondolozwe zilingana futhi isikhundla lesifanele zomzimba, kodwa futhi ukudala kwezimo ezifanele a touchdown.

Ibanga kanye ibhalansi indiza encike ngqo kwi ukuthi lo msubathi kwaphoqa. Laba bameleli be-okuhamba phambili ngesivinini ezemidlalo ukufinyelela ku-10 m / s. mayelana 60 Umkhawulo ephakamisa ukuphakama cm phakathi ukusuka umlenze kufanele sigijima ngenkathi ehlala ngemuva kwezindlu kanye ligcina uthi lokuphotha luzungeza -. Be bahlose ezingeni ovundlile. Le nqubo iyona long jump isiqalo egijima isetshenziswa nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngisho e-"sikelo". Ezezindlu kuleli cala kumele kancane esitshekile phambili. I izingalo kufanele ibheke futhi waqondisa kanye eksisi ukunyakaza bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene.

Flight isigaba incike indlela enza gxuma. Njengoba for esigabeni sokugcina, isiqu nasemilenzeni nomsubathi kufanele uthathe isikhundla ekhethekile - behlukanisa. Esiyingqopha ngaphambi kokufika ngezinyawo zombili kufanele waqonda futhi ukudonsa phambili, zifana kuya endaweni evundlile. Hands kufanele enze a motion isiyingi ukulinganisela, khona-ke kumelwe athathe emuva kakhulu.

Indlela umhlaba

Ukulungiselela salokhu gxuma isigaba iqala okwamanje lapho indlela indiza uzoqala ukuncipha. Kuleli qophelo, kubalulekile bawahlanganise kahle. Ukuze sibe abafundisi abaphumelelayo, kumelwe ubambe imilenze kuleyo ndawo ukuthi kwelivi yabo longitudinal laliphansi esiphezulu engela oyingozi kuya endaweni evundlile. igxuma amasu e ubude ukugijima kusebenza contact obufanele endaweni touchdown. Kubalulekile ukunakekela nokugcinwa esigabeni sendiza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khulula emlenzeni owodwa eya ohlangothini lapho iqhinga Kwenziwa, futhi okwamanje ukuxhumana ebusweni umzimba sokuprakthiza. Isondlo Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa emuva (emuva), walethela abaningi ehlombe ingalo phambili. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuqedwa kwesikhathi umzimba usesimweni esinjalo kungase kuholele ekubeni ukwehlisa imilenze contact ekuseni nge ebusweni.

imithetho esemthethweni

Ezenye Uphinde agibele ubude lechazwa ngembono-eksisi ngqo perpendicular bar, kusukela umuzwa wokwenyanya komugqa nesiphetho ithrekhi umsubathi (noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba). Ukuphuma imigodi uvunyelwe kuphela ohlangothini noma phambili.

Imigomo ye-long jump sokuqeda yalokho, uma lo msubathi ngenkathi ukusunduza wayokulwa uyakulanyulelwa umugqa oqondele bar. Futhi, sonke ungabali, uma lo msubathi ayizange ifike ngaphakathi kahle noma esigabeni sendiza washiya uphawu ku ubumba. I touch lokuqala isihlabathi kuyobalwa njengokusoka umphumela Lesisemkhatsini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho-long jump inquma inani lezikhathi ukuthi umsubathi ongayenza ukuze uhlole kokugcina (engcono) inkomba yayo. Isibalo okubizwa ngokuthi izikhathi zokuphela amathuba elinganiselwe 6th. Okuhlukile izenzakalo, okuyinto okungaphezu 8 abasubathi. Kulokhu, it uqhuba round labafanelekako imizamo 3 at jumper ngamunye. Esikhathini sokugcina ingxenye 8 zitholakala nge ukusebenza okuhamba phambili kwabadlali.

amazinga olwamukelwa

Esikhathini professional kanye izinhlobo amateur izindinganiso ngokuphawulekayo. Amazinga e-long jump abafana kusukela kwabaneminyaka engamashumi 9 kuya ku-10 zazisuka 1.90 ukuze 2.90 m. Amantombazane ngalesi izinkomba ubudala kufanele ibe uhla 1.90 ukuze 2.60 m. Ukuze iminyaka engu-15 abafana 3,30-3,90 m kuyinto evamile, futhi amantombazane - 2.80-3.30 m.

I lulwimi professional osenyameni (iminyaka engu-18) Izinkomba kufanele kube siphezulu. Amazinga e-long jump kusukela ukusuka ngoba amadoda aphakathi kuka 3,80 kuya 4,40 m. Ngo abesifazane, umphumela wokugcina kufanele ibe uhla 3.10 ukuze 3.60 m.

Ukuze uthole isihloko "Imbangi Master of Sports" kumele Jumpers kudlulwe ukusebenza amateur sikhiqize inani eliphindwe kabili. Ukuze izinga MMR kuyinto 7.20 m. Ngokuqondene "Umbusi Ezemidlalo", imikhawulo lapha kuvunyelwe iqala kusukela 7,60 m. Isimo MSIC kufinyelelwa ngenxa ukuqeqeshwa akhathazayo eside. Norm "Umbusi Ezemidlalo esigabeni ngamazwe" kuyinto 8.00 m.

amarekhodi emhlabeni

Ngokusho inani abasubathi nge ukusebenza okuhamba phambili kulo mdlalo uhola US ngokungananazi. Kuze kube manje, irekhodi izwe (long jump isiqalo egijima) kungokwalabo American Mike Powell. Ubuqhawe evulekile e-Tokyo ehlobo lika-1991 lo msubathi wakwazi ukunqoba uphawu 8,95 m. A irekhodi efanayo abesifazane fanele Jumpers Soviet Galina Chistyakov. Ngo-June 1988, he finyelela sibalo 7.52 m.

I ngokuphelele irekhodi izwe (long jump isiqalo ukugijima) kunombolo Imiphumela lokukwazi kungokwalabo waseMelika uRalph Boston. Kusukela ngo-1960 kuya ku-1965, wakwazi izikhathi 6 ephakeme kunaleyo zabanye abantu futhi siqu namagugu abo esiphezulu. Umsubathi kuphela Soviet owayenganikela mpini American, kwaba Igor Ter-Hovhannisyan. Wayengumuntu iqhawe kabili ngo-1962 (e Yerevan) futhi ngo-1965 (e Mexico City).