Kuye kwanyatheliswa izincwadi ngekhulu le-18

Ekhulwini XVIII Yikhulu we Ukukhanyiselwa. Yena ithathe isiko lasendulo kanye impumelelo the Renaissance. umthelela omkhulu isayensi, nokuziphatha kanye nokuziphatha waba izincwadi kwekhulu le-18, lapho wenze banikela ngendlela ebalulekile empucukweni yomhlaba. Ukukhanyiselwa emenza French Revolution washintsha ngokuphelele ukuhleleka emphakathini yeYurophu.

Kuye kwanyatheliswa izincwadi kwekhulu le-18 bakhonza imisebenzi ikakhulukazi kwezemfundo, ke umemezela baba zefilosofi omkhulu futhi abalobi. Babenenala Kusaphazwa ulwazi, ngezinye izikhathi encyclopedic, hhayi ngaphandle isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi kuphela nomuntu ukukhanyiselwa Ungashintsha emhlabeni. Zasezikusa imibono yabo neyobuntu ngokusebenzisa izincwadi, okuyinto ngokuyinhloko azibhala zefilosofi. Le misebenzi zalotshelwa ukuba zibe ububanzi sasivumela ebanzi abafundi, ukwazi ukucabanga. Abalobi wayethemba izwiwe abantu abaningi.

Phakathi 1720 kanye 1730s ibizwa ngokuthi classicism ukukhanyiselwa. Okuqukethwe kwalo main kwaba iqiniso lokuthi abalobi uhleka usulu kwamakhosi ngokuphelele, esekelwe izibonelo wakudala nezincwadi. Kulezi imisebenzi uzizwe bokubanga futhi ubuqhawe, okuyinto yenzelwa umbono sendalo State of ipharadesi.

izincwadi Foreign kwekhulu le-18 kukhulu akufeza. Wakwazi ukukhombisa izinhlamvu abangekho alwa kweqiniso. Ngenxa yalesi sigaba sabantu ukulingana, elangenza kanye nenkululeko kuyizinto igunya main. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lezi zinhlamvu ngokuphelele elingenalo ukwehluka, ngokucacile, bangabanikazi uthando sublime kuphela.

Esikhundleni Ukukhanyiselwa classicism iza okwangempela Ukukhanyiselwa okuletha izincwadi abantu eduze imiqondo. izincwadi Foreign kwekhulu le-18 wathola ohlangothini olusha, namaqiniso kakhulu futhi yeningi. Abalobi abaphendukela indoda ichaza ukuphila kwakhe, ukukhuluma ngobuhlungu bakhe nobuhlungu. amanoveli Ulimi netinkondlo abalobi mazwi akhuthaza umfundi kwabo isihe nobubele. abantu ayesenakho uqala ngekhulu le-18 ukufunda imisebenzi uVoltaire, uRousseau Diderot, Lakho, Lessing, Fielding futhi Defoe. Izinhlamvu main - abantu abavamile abakwazi ukumelana engamukelekile emphakathini, abasengozini kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile ayikho into esingayenza. Abalobi lezi imisebenzi zisekhona ekude kakhulu izithombe namaqiniso kwezincwadi Amaqhawe nekhulu le-19 nelesi-20 leminyaka, kodwa uye waphawula umkhuba shift abalulekile ebhekiswe ebaluleke kakhulu uhlamvu izincazelo.

izincwadi Russian kwekhulu le-18 evela ekuguquleni uPetru mina, kancane kancane esikhundleni isikhundla classicism ukukhanyiselwa ukuze okwangempela. abameleli ahlonishwayo lesi sikhathi babe abalobi ezifana Antiyokiya Cantemir Trediakovskii futhi Sumarokov. Baye wadala evundile emhlabathini Russian ngoba nokuthuthukisa amathalente etemibhalo. Elingenakuphikwa kokufaneleka Lomonosov, Fonvizin, Derzhavin, Radishchev futhi Karamzin. Siyazazisa kusadingeka amathalente abo kanye nobuzwe.

ezincwadini nasemasikweni amaNgisi kwekhulu le-18 libhekene kumiswa tinkhombandlela eziningana ezahlukene. AmaNgisi aba phakathi kwabantu bokuqala ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezifana izindaba zenhlalo nomndeni ezavela ithalente Richardson sika, Smollett, Stevenson, kanye, yebo, Swift, Defoe futhi Fielding. Abalobi of England babephakathi kwabokuqala ukugxeka hhayi oda wobunxiwankulu futhi wobunxiwankulu ngokwabo, yabo yokuzikhethela, nezimiso zokuziphatha. Nokho, Dzhonatan Svift wavuleka e indida kanye nokuphatha impahla ngobunxiwankulu kakhulu nesimiso sakhe, okubonisa emisebenzini yakhe ohlangothini ezimbi kakhulu-ke. ezincwadini nasemasikweni amaNgisi kwekhulu le-18 uvezwa njengoMahluleli into okuthiwa sentimentalism. Ligcwele nombono wokungabi nathemba nangokuhlakulela ukuntula ukholo izimiso futhi ihlose kuphela imizwa bathambekele uthande okuqukethwe.