Umlando Omfushane izincwadi Russian

isizwe ngasinye noma isizwe, izwe noma indawo - umlando namasiko alo. A ingxenye enkulu amasiko kanye izikhumbuzo of izincwadi - ubuciko izwi. Lokho kubonisa indlela yokuphila nokuphila zanoma isiphi isizwe esithile, eyenza umuntu angakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi laba bantu zaphila emakhulwini eminyaka adlule ngisho zeminyaka. Ngakho, mhlawumbe, ososayensi bakholelwa izincwadi lesikhumbuzo zomlando namasiko ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Umlando kwezincwadi Russian

Hhayi ngaphandle, kodwa kunalokho isiqinisekiso okungenhla - abantu Russian. Umlando kwezincwadi Russian linomlando omude. Njengoba sekunama- ulimi olubhalwayo Russia bekulokhu engaphezu kwenkulungwane edlule. Abacwaningi nososayensi bakwamanye amazwe amaningi aye silitadishe njengendlela mkhuba, futhi isibonelo esicace ngamazwi art - Folk nomlobi. Abanye bezinye izizwe ngisho ngokuqondile ukutadisha isiRashiya, futhi akubhekwa elula emhlabeni!

periodization

Ngokwesiko, umlando izincwadi Russian ihlukaniswe nezikhathi eziningana. Ezinye zazo yilezi isikhathi ngempela isikhathi eside. Ezinye - sikubeke ngaphezulu. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

Doliteraturny kwesikhathi

Ngaphambi ukwamukelwa of Christianity (Olga e 957, uVladimir e 988) e-Russia kwakungekho lulimi ebhaliwe. Njengomthetho, uma-ke kwakudingekile, sasebenzisa isiGreki, isiLatini nesiHebheru. Ukuze yini ukunemba kakhudlwana, kwaba yayo, ngisho nakulezi zikhathi ezingamaqaba, kodwa ngesimo kolayini noma ukusikeka ku ngezinduku noma tags (ngokuthi: izici, ukusikeka), kodwa imisebenzi temibhalo liye lalondolozwa. Imisebenzi (ngeendatjana, iingoma, epics - ikakhulukazi) adluliselwa ngomlomo.

Old Russian

Le nkathi kwaba nomhlangano kusuka 11 kuya ekhulwini le-17 - Adalberto isikhathi eside. Umlando kwezincwadi Russian kwesikhathi inikezwe kuhlanganisa benkolo nabezwe (historical) imibhalo Kiev, bese - eMoscow neRussia. izibonelo zendalo eziphawulekayo etemibhalo: "The Life of Boris futhi Gleb", "The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" (11-12 ekhulwini), "Lay," "The Legend of Mamay", "Zadonshchina" - uchaza inkathi ukucindezelwa, nabanye abaningi.

ngekhulu le-18

Le nkathi mlando shayela - "imfundo Russian". Ngesisekelo izinkondlo zakudala temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba walala enjalo Abadali omkhulu nabafundisi, njengoba Lomonosov, Fonvizin, Derzhavin futhi Karamzin. Njengomthetho, umsebenzi wabo enezici futhi akugcini komunye ezincwadini, futhi kudlulela isayensi, nezinye izinhlobo zobuciko. Ulimi kwezincwadi naleso sikhathi kancane kunzima ukukuqonda lokhu ngoba lisebenzisa amafomu ephelelwe yisikhathi ukwelashwa. Kodwa lokho akumvimbi ukuthatha izithombe nemibono we othisha okukhulu ngesikhathi sakhe. Ngakho Lomonosov njalo wafuna ukuguqula ulimi izincwadi, ukwenza kube ulimi wefilosofi isayensi, wakhuthaza rapprochement phakathi etemibhalo ulimi futhi abantu amafomu.

Umlando kwezincwadi Russian kwekhulu le-19

Le nkathi ezincwadini Russian - the "yokuchuma." Ngalesi sikhathi, izincwadi, umlando, isiRashiya aphume enkundleni yomhlaba. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa wayeyisazi ashisekela izinguquko ka Pushkin, okuyinto empeleni busuka ekuphileni kwansuku zonke isiRashiya tetemibhalo, njengoba thina zijwayele ukucabanga. Griboyedov futhi Lermontov, Gogol futhi Turgenev, UTolstoy futhi laseChekhov, Dostoevsky nabanye abalobi amaningi seyenze lokhu kwaba yezinyoni segolide. A imisebenzi ebhaliwe adalwe kubo, kuze kube phakade okwaqala ngayo emhlabeni yobuciko inkulumo.

yobudala Isiliva

Lesikhatsi lesi kunalokho isikhathi esifushane - nje eminyakeni embalwa kusuka 1890 kuya 1921. Kodwa kulesi sikhathi seziyaluyalu yizimpi nokuvukela, kukhona izimbali enamandla zezinkondlo isiRashiya, kukhona ucwaningo nesibindi art bebonke. Blok futhi Bryusov, Gumilev futhi Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva futhi Mayakovsky, Yesenin futhi Gorky, Bunin futhi Kuprin - abameleli brilliant kakhulu.

sokubusa kwamaSoviet futhi ezikhathini zanamuhla

Njengoba wokugoqa zase-USSR, 1991, sihlehlela emuva kokuphela unyaka nenkathi yamaSoviet. Futhi kusukela ngo-1991 kuze kube namuhla - kwesikhathi zakamuva, okuyinto vele uye wanikeza izincwadi Russian imisebenzi ezintsha nezithakazelisayo, kodwa ngokunembile, mhlawumbe, uyokwahlulela inzalo.