Duma - a ... Survey ku Duma State: incazelo izinqubo, izidingo kanye nezincomo

IPhalamende - umzimba omkhulu umthetho kunoma isiphi isimo yesimanje yeningi. Kulapha ukubhala bese uthatha ivoti ngumthetho liqine umthethosisekelo nokuchibiyela kubo. I-Russian State Duma - iyona aphansi endlini ephalamende imbala. Kulolu shicilelo thina ukuchaza imisebenzi kanye namandla we igunya. Ngaphezu kwalokho ke, sizokutshela mayelana nezici kwetinhlavu Ukwakheka nendlela yayo Abazobhapathizwa abaqokelwe Duma State.

Uhlobo okungamele ukuphathwa komphakathi kanye ephalamende

IPhalamende lingakwenza ukuthonya inqubomgomo angaphandle of the state, futhi ngaphakathi, konke kuncike indima umongameli. Amazwe amaningi Western - republic ePhalamende, okungukuthi, konke inqunywa yiphalamende, kuyilapho Russian Federation - Republic of uhlobo exubile. US, by the way - kuba republic kamongameli. Igama lokugcina njalo umongameli.

Ngakho, igama ePhalamende eRussia? Ngokomlando, izidumbu zomthetho anamagama ahlukene. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amaPolish Sejm, kanye Spanish Cortes, futhi konke lokhu, eqinisweni, iphalamende. Ngokuvamile kuba bicameral, nendlu ephansi futhi kuthatha umthetho ubeka, kanye engenhla noma uyayilahla noma ithi ngingabazi ilungelo lokwenza izinguquko. Lo mkhuba uye wahlala kusukela ezinsukwini yokubusa kwamakhosi, eqinisekisa ekulenzeni libe namandla.

Uyini Duma State?

Manje-ke sifika eduze State Duma we Russian Federation. UMbuso Duma - akuyona ephalamende, isimiso, siba ephalamende - lena Assembly Federal. Yena bicameral futhi Federal Assembly of izenzo ebekiwe algorithm ngokuningiliziwe esahlukweni 5th soMthethosisekelo. Futhi, Duma State - ke nje phansi, egatsheni ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi loMkhandlu uhulumeni ezweni lethu. Kungenxa Duma State yokutholwa yonke imithetho ukuthi ukunquma izimpilo zezakhamuzi ezijwayelekile isimo nebhajethi ngisho wezwe ngonyaka ozayo.

is wamavoti Duma njengoba ukhetho okhethweni aphethwe kanjani futhi abakwenzayo ngaso sonke isikhathi ePhalamende nomhlangano? Lawa imibuzo sizozama ukuphendula manje.

Kungani kukhona uMbuso Duma?

Kusukela Duma State - empeleni umzimba omkhulu zomthetho wezwe, kuba umsebenzi umthetho, futhi umsebenzi oyinhloko amalungu endlu aphansi ephalamende Russian Federation. Imithetho athunyelwe ukuze anakwe futhi bavote, ingase ibe khona ehlukile ngokuphelele eziphathelene kwezinye izingxenye ezincane emnothweni kanye nenqubomgomo yentela okuhlobene, isibonelo, izinguquko imfundo noma imithi ngezinga elikhulu. Into esemqoka ukuthi umthetho omusha kwaba emihle phakathi komkhawulo avunyelwe nguMthethosisekelo bebangaphikisani bezimiso zawo eziyisisekelo. Kungenjalo, umthetho onjalo kungaba wesihlahla, noma ngabe amalungu ePhalamende uma uvota uvotela kuye, futhi ngeke ziyokwamukelwa kokubili emakamelweni Assembly Federal.

Wamavoti Duma State

Wamavoti Duma State kulawulwa Article 10 soMthethosisekelo Russian. Lokho izikweletu uthole e endlini engenhla ephalamende, inquma ngokuqondile Russian State Duma. Bills athunyelwe ukuze ingxoxo kumelwe ibhekane umsebenzi okhethekile ngokomthethosisekelo zinomthelela okuyinto isenzo main lomthetho yezwe. Inqubo wenziwa usebenzisa zikagesi. Ngemva ukudlula umthethosivivinywa ezabelwe ivoti umsunguli walo angakhuluma esuka endaweni yesikhulumi mayelana umbono wakhe mayelana nomthetho, incazelo yalo futhi siwusizo. Abaphikisi Ungase futhi ukhulume mayelana izici ezingezinhle umthethosivivinywa, bese kungakapheli isikhathi esibekiwe bonke abahlanganyeli kufanele ukhethe "ngoba", "ngokumelene" noma "ukudeda" lisho maqondana lo mthetho. Kweso kunqunywa iphesenti yi - ngabe umthethosivivinywa uphasile ku ivoti endlini engenhla Federal Assembly noma cha. Imithetho ye-Duma State akha "umzimba zomthetho" yezwe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ivoti kungenzeka imfihlo noma evulekile, kodwa ezimweni eziningi ivuliwe. Lapho Duma State yokutholwa umthetho, iya ivoti endlini engenhla weSigungu Federal.

Ukubiza we Duma State

Njalo ukhetho ukunquma indlela yokwakheka Duma State iminyaka emihlanu ezayo, kanjalo zakha ukubiza esilandelayo. Noma yimuphi uhulumeni wentando yeningi kuvimbela umsebenzi izikhungo zayo, njengoba esikhathini ukubiza linombono abantu kanye nomphakathi - onalo eyinhloko intando sezombusazwe kuleliya lizwe - Ungashintsha kakhulu. Kwakucatshangwa zamaphini kukhona obonakalisa amaqembu athile abantu kuphela ezathi aziwuthandi umsebenzi lokhu noma lokhuya zephini enesibopho ukuvikela amalungelo abo. Kwaphela iminyaka emihlanu, iPhini limelela intando abantu, futhi uma wakwenza kabi futhi akazange nezidingo lwabavoti, bayoba uvotele omunye umuntu. In the mpikiswano phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukahlukene, okuyinto Zimelela amaqembu ezombusazwe kanye amasekela inqubo mpikiswano ephalamende, uhlobo umnyombo intando yeningi. Ngakho-ke, kucatshangwa ukuthi uDuma State - kuyinto umzimba omkhulu parliamentarism ezweni lethu.

ukubiza Kugcine

Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi muva nje ngo-September 18, 2016, sekudlule okhethweni eduze Duma State. Nakuba amabutho elisha lezombusazwe okhethweni ephalamende bese kuhlulekile, kodwa kakhulu ushintshe ukulingana kwamandla emzimbeni ophakeme zomthetho wezwe, eqinisa amandla "United Russia" inhlangano amandla.

Abantu abeze okhethweni lokugcina

Ngokuvamile, kuyafaneleka ukuthi abeze kulezi okhethweni kwaba ngempela ongaphakeme, amaphesenti angu-50 kuphela omphakathi waveza isifiso sawo sokuba ngiphume futhi ilungelo lawo lokubamba iqhaza ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe. Nakuba ngisho abeze okukhulu ngaphezulu neze kungaba yasishintsha umbala nomhlangano olandelayo, njengoba kunjalo ngokuvamile uyakuthanda ethi izintatheli pro-Western abezindaba ukuphikiswa, lokhu kubonisa lwaluyophola kwezinhloso zenzuzo Russian kwezombangazwe, futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nokudumala.

imiphumela yokuqala

Kuthiwa yini beyoba imiphumela yokhetho kuya Duma State, kwakuvele kwaziwa ekupheleni kosuku lokuvota. Olwandulelayo Duma okhethweni, noma primaries - eqinisweni, ohlelweni lokunquma inani ukhetho kwangaphakathi yangaphandle nokusatshalaliswa zabo by abajameli, okwaphela ehlobo. Nquma ukuthi iziphi abazobhapathizwa, lizokuba yingxenye yemidlalo ukhetho main, ayengakwenza noma iyiphi engu-iningi lezakhamuzi Russian. Kusukela ngo-LamaKhomanisi primaries yayiqhutshelwa ngoMeyi walo nyaka, i-"United Russia" Parnassus, "Green Alliance". Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, ngangivame hambisa populist, ngoba ubuholi beqembu kusengaphambili kunqunywa isu kanye amaqhinga emzabalazweni wezepolitiki, futhi ephambene kakhulu leli qhinga umane nilenze laba yize imiphumela yokhetho isikhathi esithile ngemva kokhetho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umbono weningi ophoqelelwe osopolitiki ukuthi iguqule kakhulu Yiqiniso ayo, okwenza izinguquko umbono othandwayo ngosuku olwandulela oluzayo emikhulu ukhetho kuya Duma State.

Ukhetho imiphumela Septhemba 18, 2016

Ngenxa yalokho, umphumela we ukhetho lezihlalo 450 kuleli uDuma State Kwasakazwa kanje:

• "I-United Russia" Uthole Imininingwane amavoti 28.527.828, noma amaphesenti angu-54,2, bese izihlalo 343 kuleli uDuma. Lokhu siphezulu kunamanye umphumela "United Russia" ngo-2011.
• Communist Party wathola amavoti 7.019.752, namaphesenti angu-13,34 wamavoti nezihlalo 42 ephalamende. Kuqhathaniswa olwedlule, lo mphumela mubi kakhulu.
• LDPR. Party Vladimira Volfovicha Zhirinovskogo wathola amavoti 6.917.063, cishe like a Communist Gennady Zyuganov, noma 13,14 per cent, nezihlalo 39 ku Duma State.
• Owokugcina amabutho kwezombangazwe, okwakusho wakunqoba isithiyo ngamaphesenti angu-5, -partiya "Fair Russia". Wazamukela ngenxa amavoti 3.275.053, noma 6,22 per cent, nezihlalo 22 ePhalamende.

Umsebenzi we State Duma of umhlangano entsha

UMbuso Duma weSigungu Federal, okuzokwenza zimiswe ngenxa okhethweni September 18, 2016, i-Duma State igama nomhlangano lwesikhombisa. Ngokungafani yimihlangano yangaphambili party uhulumeni "United Russia", okuyinto iholwa Dmitry Medvedev asikho isidingo ukuze ujoyine umfelandawonye ePhalamende ukukhuthaza amakhanda enkambweni yabo, njengoba kule nomhlangano odlule. Khona-ke, amaqembu amaningana kwadingeka adlule kwezinye bill bahlangane umfelandawonye ukusekela izinga olulodwa futhi uvotele imisho ngamunye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, yebo, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ugweme ukusilela phakathi kwamabutho zezombusazwe njengengxenye umfelandawonye, ngakho Yiqiniso ngokwayo lula kakhulu. Manje kobuholi "United Russia" uyoba lula kakhulu.