Cluster Star: definition, izici nezinhlobo

Esibhakabhakeni ebusuku ngosuku olucwathile ungabona eningi izibani kancane akhazimula - izinkanyezi. Eqinisweni, ubungako bawo kungaba nzima futhi namakhulu noma ngisho izinkulungwane izikhathi mkhulu kunezinhliziyo eMhlabeni. Abakwazi zisuswe, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zakha cluster inkanyezi.

Kuyini inkanyezi?

Iphephandaba iThe Star kuyinto Balloon omkhulu owakhiwa igesi. It uyakwazi ukuba abanjwe amandla adonsela phansi yayo siqu. mass Stellar, amaplanethi ngokuvamile ngaphezulu. Ngaphakathi kuwo kukhona ukusabela iArmagedoni anomthelela ekushayweni ukukhanya.

Izinkanyezi akhiwa ngokuyisisekelo of hydrogen ne-helium, kanye uthuli. lokushisa yabo yangaphakathi ongafinyelela afinyelela ku izigidi kelvins, nakuba ingasaphathwa angaphandle. I izici eziyinhloko we igesi wokulinganisa Balloons yilezi mass, engaba futhi likhanya ngendlela efanayo, okungukuthi amandla.

I nqunu iso lakhe elikwazi ukubona indoda ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane eziyisithupha izinkanyezi (anamathathu amawaka e Nenkabazwe ngamunye). Abaseduze uMhlaba, sibona kuphela ngosuku - kungcono ilanga. Itholakala at ibanga amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-150. Inkanyezi eliseduze, isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga, ngokuthi Proxima Centauri.

Ukuzalwa izinkanyezi amaqoqo

I uthuli negesi samanje eziningi angenamkhawulo emkhathini interstellar, kungenziwa onomfutho ngaphansi kwethonya amandla adonsela phansi. , Kwakheka I baqaphe basuke onomfutho izinga lokushisa eliphakeme ngaphakathi. impahla iphulwe ikhula ngesisindo esifanele, futhi uma kwanele ukuze i-imeyli engahlonziwe, kukhona inkanyezi.

Kusukela ifu uthuli ngokuvamile kubumbeke izinkanyezi eziningana, alwa nomunye emkhakheni okudonsa futhi yakha uhlelo inkanyezi. Ngakho, kukhona double, kathathu, kanye nezinye izinhlelo. yezinkanyezi ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyishumi akha cluster.

cluster Star iqembu ezivamile izinkanyezi Uzalo ezixhunywe nomunye amandla adonsela phansi, futhi emkhakheni imithala ukuhambisa integrally. Basuke ihlukaniswe ibhola futhi zihlakazeke. Ngaphezu kwalokho izinkanyezi, amaqoqo ingaqukatha igesi nothuli. Ukuhlanganiswa umsuka ezivamile, kodwa engahlobene adonsela phansi iqembu izindikimba zasezulwini ngokuthi izinhlangano lezinkanyezi.

Umlando eminingi etholakale

Abantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ukubukela esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Kodwa kwadlula isikhathi eside, kwakunenkolelo yokuthi zasezulwini nombala basakaza e yonke enkulukazi. Esikhathini sezinkanyezi XVIII leminyaka Uilyam Gershel waphonsa omunye Sciences inselele, wathi ukuthi kwezinye izindawo izinkanyezi ngokucace kakhudlwana kunakwezinye.

Kancane phambi uzakwabo Sharl Messe kuqashelwe ukuba khona mafu esibhakabhakeni. Ukubuka kubo ngokusebenzisa isibonakude, Herschel wathola ukuthi lokhu akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Wabona ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi esigaxeni inkanyezi - yinhlanganisela izinkanyezi evelayo ukuba sibe namabala, uma sibheka nabo ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama. Wathola wabiza "yinqwaba". Kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi livele elinye igama kulezi zinkanyezi Galaxy - amaqoqo ezinkanyezi.

Herschel wakwazi ukuchaza amaqoqo ayizinkulungwane ezimbili. Ekhulwini XIX, izazi zezinkanyezi ziye kunqunywa ukuthi bahlukile isesimweni kanye nosayizi. Khona-ke ibhola kanye namaqoqo evulekile yabelwe. izifundo eningiliziwe kulezi zinkanyezi waqala ukubonwa ngekhulu XX.

Vula amaqoqo

Phakathi yinhlanganisela izinkanyezi ziyehluka inombolo shape. Star cluster ingase ihlanganise kusuka eziyishumi ukuze izinkanyezi latinkhulungwane letinyentana. Abasakwazi abasha, ubudala yabo kungaba iminyaka kuphela eziyizigidi ezimbalwa. Lolu Phiko inkanyezi engakaze icaciswe imingcele, ngokuvamile Kuvunguza nemithala okungajwayelekile.

Emthaleni wethu, wathola emhlabeni 1100 amaqoqo. Bahlala isikhathi eside, ngoba ukuxhumeka yabo okudonsa ibuthakathaka futhi ungakwazi ukugqashula kalula ngenxa indinyana eduze amafu igesi noma ezinye amaqoqo. "Lost" izinkanyezi babe olulodwa.

Cluster ngokuvamile zitholakala kwi izingalo Kuvunguza futhi eduze indiza Galactic - lapho emakamu igesi mkhulu. Sinenkosi imiphetho okwe shapeless obukhulu, core kahle akachazeki. Vula amaqoqo ihlukaniswa ngokuhambisana umehluko nokubekwa kwabantu ukukhanya izinkanyezi ezifuywayo distinguishability eqhathaniswa esikuyo.

amaqoqo globular

Ngokungafani nihlakazeke, amaqoqo globular abe ukuma ecacile eyindilinga. izinkanyezi yabo exhumene amandla adonsela phansi eduze kakhulu, futhi lizungeza naphakathi kulo mthala, edlala indima iziphuphutheki. Umnyaka lezi amaqoqo kaningi njengengcebo enkulu kunemicebo nihlakazeke, ezisukela iminyaka engu-10 izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-nangaphezulu. Kodwa inani ziphansi, emthaleni wethu sazithola amaqoqo globular mayelana 160.

Ziqukethe amashumi ezinkulungwane ukuba izinkanyezi eziyizigidi ezingu, lokuhlushwa okwandisa maqondana nendawo. Basuke izimpawu ukungabi khona igesi futhi uthuli njengoba kwakhiwa kudala. Zonke izinkanyezi Amahlukuzo globular zitholakala cishe esigabeni esifanayo yentuthuko, okusho ukuthi engimbumbile, kanye nihlakazeke, emhlabeni ngesikhathi esifanayo.

I-high density izinkanyezi cluster ngokuvamile kuholela izibhelu. Ngenxa yalokho, amakilasi engavamile kungenziwa emizimbeni kwakhiwa. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho amalungu uhlelo kanambambili uhlangane, kukhona oyakwahlukana okwesibhakabhaka. Kuyinto ibavuthela okuningi izinkanyezi okwesibhakabhaka kanye namanye amalungu cluster. Phakathi izibhelu singenzeka nezinye isikhala ezingavamile, njenge ongaphakeme-mass-X-ray binaries kanye amasekhondi amancane pulsars.

inkanyezi Association

Ngokungafani amaqoqo, izinhlangano inkanyezi azixhunyiwe ngumuntu ensimini ezivamile okudonsa, ngezinye izikhathi kuba khona, kodwa amandla alo liphansi kakhulu. Bavele ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ube yobudala encane, ukufinyelela amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka.

izinhlangano Stellar idlule ngobukhulu amahlukuzo abasha evulekile. Ziyakwazi kwaphela ngaphezulu Uma uwubuka usemkhathini, futhi ifaka kufikela inqwaba yezinkanyezi e ngezithako zawo. Mayelana kweshumi kubo - imidondoshiya ashisayo.

Engaqinile ensimini okudonsa akuvumeli izinkanyezi isikhathi eside ukuba leyo nososeshini. Ukuze ukuwohloka badinga lisuka ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa eziyikhulu eminyakeni abayizigidi ezingu - ngokuya yezinkanyezi ke azinakwa. Ngakho-ke, inhlangano lezinkanyezi ibizwa ngokuthi ngesikhathi kumiswa.

accumulations eyaziwa

Eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuphela amaqoqo ezinkanyezi Kwatholakala, ezinye zazo abonakala ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama. Abaseduze Emhlabeni ayahlakazeka Pleiades (Stozhary) kanye Hyades, elise umlaza Taurus. Owokuqala uqukethe izinkanyezi ezingaba ngu-500, ngaphandle yokukhanya ezikhethekile akachazeki eziyisikhombisa kuphela. Hyades abasondelene Aldebaran futhi aqukethe cishe 130 egqamile futhi slabogoryaschih abahlanganyeli 300.

Vula inkanyezi cluster e iCancer umlaza Ungomunye esiseduzane. Ibizwa ngokuthi umkhombe futhi iqukethe amalungu engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili. Ukwakheka kwe-Manger kanye Hyades ziyafana, ngakho kukhona kungenzeka ukuthi akhiwa efwini efanayo igesi nothuli.

ukubonakala kalula ngokusebenzisa izibonakude inkanyezi cluster ku Coma umlaza Berenices e Nenkabazwe. Lolu Phiko globular M 53, wathola emuva 1775. Itholakala ukukhanya-eminyakeni engu-60 000. Ukuminyana ingenye ezikude kakhulu eMhlabeni, nakuba kubonakala kalula ngokusebenzisa izibonakude. Inani elikhulu of amaqoqo globular asezindaweni umlaza Sagittarius.

isiphetho

amaqoqo Star kukhona namaqembu amakhulu izinkanyezi, behlanganyela omunye komunye amandla adonsela phansi. Sinenkosi phakathi eziyishumi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziningana izinkanyezi, okuyinto banendabuko efanayo. Ngokuyinhloko ukuhlukanisa amaqoqo globular futhi ovulekile, lapho kuhluke Ngesimo, ngesakhiwo, usayizi, inani lamalungu kanye nobudala. Ngaphandle kwalezi, kukhona amaqoqo yesikhashana, ebizwa izinhlangano lezinkanyezi. uxhumano yabo okudonsa ayinamandla, okuyinto nakanjani kuyoholela wokugoqa kanye kumiswa izinkanyezi olulodwa ejwayelekile.