Izindaba UmphakathiUhlobo

Coffee - isitshalo ekhaya

Mhlawumbe wonke umuntu ongathanda abe unesitshalo exotic ikhofi kwesihlahla. Inkinga eyinhloko kule sekuba kahle ukuthi ukutshala nokunakekela kuzodinga imizamo ebalulekile kakhulu futhi utshalomali, kodwa empeleni lokho kugomela akulona iqiniso, ngoba ikhofi - isitshalo ukuthi kalula esekhulile ekhaya.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi nomlando wayo waqala e-Afrika, wathola ukuhlakulela cishe emhlabeni wonke, ngaphandle nje kokuba kuphela ezindaweni ne ikhofi okungalungile kahle ezindaweni ezibandayo. Engingakusho nje ukuhlela ukunakekelwa olunzulu, futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa uzokwazi ukuba izitike isiphuzo okwenziwa ngabantu ngabanye hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi elimnandi, izimo okusanhlamvu ekhaya-esekhulile.

Coffee - indlu isitshalo

Coffee Tree kuyinto esiyize nge kasikhombisa umqhele namaqabunga aluhlaza, esihlinzeka ecwebezelayo sekugcineni isitshalo ayebuthaka esiyingqayizivele. Izimbali zimhlophe, ezifanayo ukuze jasmine. I sekhofi ekhaya, ukuthola ukunakekelwa kwesokudla, angakhiqiza isivuno yonyaka, okuyinto isamba kuyoba kuze 0.5 kg ubhontshisi oluhlaza. Lapho ekhula kufanele nakanjani khumbula ukuthi uma niyithole esikhathini esizayo, isiphuzo enongiwe, kufanele sizame ukuqinisekisa izimo isitshalo ukuthi mahle ukukhula futhi zivumelana ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo ezishisayo.

Lapho ekhetha imbewu, inqubo eyayingase isetshenziswe zokutshala, khumbula ukuthi akukhona konke zekhofi at ukutshala liyakuthela elindelwe ukukhula okusanhlamvu, futhi uma ukunakekela ngokushesha njengoba ungabona ngamehlo akho umphumela osuphelile a izithombo germinating kungcono makudle ethandwa kakhulu zekhofi - arabica. Kuyinto lolu hlobo uthatha indawo ehamba phambili e ikhofi emasimini kakhulu futhi kahle uvuma ukukhula ekhaya ngaphandle isidingo ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

Njengoba sekhofi - arabica ebangeni ofanele kakhulu ukuhluma, kufanele wazi izinhlobo zawo ezivamile:

  • Abyssinian.
  • Mundo Novo.
  • Bourbon - ezihlukahlukene ezikhiqiza kakhulu, owethulwa ngu-French e-Reunion Island.
  • Maragogype - ihlukile ezinye izinhlobo zamakhiwane arabica ikhofi ngobukhulu ubhontshisi, ngokuba indlela ebalulekile eyaba asabekayo ikhofi. Nokho kalula It avumelane yiluphi uhlobo inhlabathi, futhi eqala ukunambitheka kanye nephunga elimnandi libe nezici. Lokhu grade ayikwazi kubhekwe ethandwa, ngoba azinazo lezi zimpawu isivuno eliphezulu. Yingakho imbewu yakhe kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukuthola cababa.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Eqinisweni, ikhofi - isitshalo ngezindlela ezimbili kuphela angakhula ukuthi:

  • Ngu ukuhluma - ikhofi emabhontjisi igobolondo ngempela kanzima, futhi ngokuvamile okunzima ukuyinqoba ukuze zikhule, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa okusanhlamvu, ithengwa ezitolo futhi Wacishe ikhono likhule lwegciwane. Khumbula ukuthi ngisho ambalwa etshalwe ikhofi amaphakheji ngeke akunike lwegciwane olulodwa, ngoba ngisho phakathi kwamakhulu imbewu wena uqobo suka kulesi simila e izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela ziqhume ambalwa. Ukuze zihambisane inqubo, usike ingxenye encane igobolondo, noma ukuthenga imbali ezikhethekile uthenga uketshezi ekhethekile ezokwenza chaza ke phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi.
  • Vegetatively - indlela elula kulinywe, ubunzima kuphela esakhiwa ngo yokufuna isibambo, okutshaliweyo, kufanele ubone ukukhula okusheshayo phakathi nonyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esimweni ngomumo-lwegciwane, ungakhathazeki mayelana nokudala nomqhele omuhle, kodwa kuzodingeka basebenze kakhulu lapho ekhula yokusanhlamvu phezu kwalo. Le nqubo iqala ukuthela izithelo emva kweminyaka 1-1.5 kuphela, kodwa kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukungabi khona kahle lesi sitshalo ezingaphezu kuka ibingaba eyesikhashana ngempela.

Coffee - ukunakekelwa unesitshalo okuyinto akunzima ngenxa unpretentiousness yayo. Ungalindeli ukukhula okukhulu eminyakeni yokuqala. The best ukuthi kungalindeleka, - ukwanda ubukhulu 10-20 cm, kodwa kakade eziningi. Kamuva simila iqala inqubo legatsha okusheshayo. Kulokhu, ungenawo ngisho kudingeka afeze ezengeziwe inqubo cutting. Qaphela ukuthi isivuno sokuqala kungcono hhayi ukuba lisetshenziswe njengeHholo isiphuzo, bese uzama ihlume khona-ke amahlumela, ngoba, okokuqala, ngakho ngeke phezu-ukukhathazeka ngalokho kuphela sekhofi ongase afe, futhi okwesibili, isivuno kuyoba ngakho encane ukuthi kwanele ukuze nje siyophuza 1-2 izinkomishi.

imbewu Izici

Ukutshala isihlahla sekhofi, ukunakekela ukuthi akukho nobunzima, alungele yokuthi inqubo ukutshalwa kuyoba kwakuwumsebenzi okhandlayo kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu awasebenzi kuphela nokuthathe kwenza izinga lokhula, kodwa futhi izinga lokushisa izici, okumele zimumethe imbiza isitshalo.

Embizeni okusanhlamvu ngokushesha ngemva kokwehla bomhlaba kumele ibekwe endaweni libalele, njalo nokugcina lokushisa hhayi ngaphansi kuka-20. Ngenxa yalokhu, uyobe ukuqinisekisa amagciwane isisusa olwengeziwe ekukhuleni ekuseni.

Khumbula ukuthi ikhofi - isitshalo akawuthandi ukuphazamiseka ngaphandle. Izihlahla liyadingeka ukuchitha ngangokusemandleni. Kungcono ukwenza le nqubo kuphela uma esidlekeni isibe okuningi kunawe bargained ngoba. Futhi, ungakhathazeki, ukuthi esikhathini izimbali akuzenzakaleli ngokwemvelo impova evamile isitshalo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ungatholi isivuno kulindeleke, ngoba amajikijolo akhiqizwa inqubo self-impova.

Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa amajikijolo avuthwa zokutshala ikusasa, kumele qiniseka ukuyihlanza kusuka uginindela hashaza ngamanzi. Ngemva kwalokho, cishe imizuzu engu-30, kufanele kube ofakwe isixazululo ezibuthakathaka potassium permanganate kanye ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uqale kokwehla.

inhlabathi Izici

Umbuzo ethandwa kakhulu esuka kubantu abahamba sikhule ikhofi unesitshalo: "Yeka indlela engiwuthanda anakekele musa?" Okokuqala sinake indlela lapho uya umhlaba. Ngokufanele efanelekayo lolu hlobo inhlabathi exutshwe ukwengeza ezihlukahlukene mass yokugcizelela asidi yawo engokwemvelo.

Inhlabathi ukulungiselela izigaba bengafani esigabeni lapho ekukhuleni kwesitshalo:

  • Umhlabathi for ekutshaleni imbewu futhi ihlume: uzodinga ukulungiselela substrate okubi leaf umhlabathi futhi emfuleni isihlabathi, okuyinto ngeke izithiyo Ukungena umswakama. Okokuqala, ngaphambi kokuyibuyisela esikhathini esizayo zalesi sihlahla kuzodingeka ukuthi wenze inzalo owandulelayo inhlabathi. Ngenxa yale njongo, ubambe inhlabathi a okugeza amanzi imizuzu okungenani 5. Imbewu kumele ibekwe ohlangothini flat we ebusweni kwenhlabathi. Uma inqubo wawenziwa ngendlela efanele, amahlumela zokuqala kufanele kulindeleke emva kwezinyanga 1.5 kusukela ngesikhathi zokutshala. Njengoba nje kwakheke amaqabunga yokuqala, yisithombo kufanele utshalwe ibe inhlabathi esikahle sokukhula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, khumbula ukuthi ukufakelwa kuzofanela kuqala minyaka yonke iminyaka okungenani ezintathu. Emva kwalesi sikhathi, isikhathi elilungile liphakathi kanye eminyakeni 2-3 inqubo.
  • Umhlabathi for zitshala isitshalo esikhulu - inhlanganisela enkulu alinganayo izici eziningana ezinjengolwazi Peat esidi, isihlabathi, phansi ishidi, humus, namalahle , kanti moss. Zonke izingxenye idatha ingatholakala wezimbali onguchwepheshe. Qaphela ukuthi ukuthwebula abasha siguqulwe ngokushesha ibe isihlahla egcwele, uma ekuqaleni uthenge webhodwe anganele kuye. Kulokhu, uhlelo impande ngeke go in ukujula, ukuze isitshalo uzothola enhlabathini lemali izakhamzimba.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi uma ukutshala vegetatively (enchubeni), kufihlizwe cut kuyodingeka 1-2 amahora ukubeka in isixazululo ekhethekile. Zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo kumele ithengwe hhayi ningi than 3 cm esitolo imbali kusengaphambili, futhi kuphela ngaleso sikhathi wenze zokutshala emhlabathini lalihlehliswa. Kulokhu, ngokushesha nje lapho izitshalo avele kwakudingeka ishidi elisha lokuqala uzobe ukukhiqiza nenqubo ukufakelwa elifana nalelo adingekayo amagciwane esekhulile ngokuqondile imbewu.

Izimbali amajikijolo

Coffee - isitshalo ngokuvamile eziqhakaza kuphela isizini efudumele kakhulu. Okokuqala imila isitshalo izimbali zawo ziwukudla kuphela emva 3-4 iminyaka kusukela ngesikhathi kokwehla. Phakathi nale nkathi, in leaf axils kwakhiwa izimbali ezincane abe mhlophe qwa, okuyinto, esakaza, abe iphunga elimnandi. Nokho, Izimbali isikhathi uqobo esingaphansi kwezinsuku 2-3, izithelo uvuthwe eside. Coffee ngalesi sikhathi awukwazi noma kunjalo ayikwazi wafutha, ngoba ngale ndlela ungonakalisa ngokuphelele inqubo yokuzala.

Ngemva kwenkathi ethile yesikhathi kusayithi yabo ukuqala tie, izithelo nxazonke elincane eliluhlaza. Njengoba yokuvuthwa izithelo luhlaza izinguquko red ejulile, ngenxa lapho ziqala ukuba zibukeke zifane cherry. Ngamunye we-fetus kwakhiwa kuyinto ezimbili nje wokusanhlamvu okuyilokho, eqinisweni, kukhona "ikhofi" ngomqondo evamile kubantu abaningi. Inkathi yokuvuthwa egcwele isitshalo ekhiqizwa ekhaya, kuyinto ku ezahlukene ngonyaka owodwa. Ngemva kwalokho ungase uqale ukuqondisa iqoqo nokusebenzisa okusanhlamvu.

I sekhofi - indlela yokunakekela

Lapho ukutshala kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuthi lesi sitshalo photophilous kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma kumelwe nakanjani usithe izimo izindlu kunalokho okudingeke ukuba ukunikeza efinyelela ngokugcwele, ngaphandle kwalokho lesi sitshalo ngeke kuphela zikhule kancane, kodwa ngeke sithele izithelo isikhathi eside ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo zasezindaweni ezishisayo. Okuhle kunakho konke ukuthi, uma ikhofi ebusika izohanjiswa ofudumele kakhulu ohlangothini lokunene indlu, kodwa ngisho Kulokhu akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ezibucayi lokushisa uphawu kule isitshalo 15 degrees bese uvumele ukwehliswa yayo is hhayi Kunconywa. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kwezinsuku ezibandayo ikakhulukazi kanye namafu kuyodingeka ukufaka endaweni izitshalo ukukhanyisa Fluorescent, ezizohlinzeka kuye ukukhanya kubalulekile futhi ukushisa.

Coffee - isitshalo ngempela Moody, ikhula engcono ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi ukukhanyisa, lapho ojwayele, awusebenzi ukushintsha trajectory yayo. Ngakho-ke, turning isitshalo, ngeke sifinyelele amahlamvu nje enhle, kodwa uzolahlekelwa sokuvuna eside elindelwe. Akufanele ukubeka ikhofi elangeni eliza ngqo noma ukubeka ebhodweni ohlangothini lwasenyakatho, lapho iningi ukukhanyisa abampofu.

Esikhathini hot ikhofi isizini kufanele moisturize njalo (okungenani elingenhla ungqimba omiswe) usebenzisa amanzi bavikela kabani lokushisa noma kunjalo akufanele kube ngezansi ekamelweni lokushisa. Futhi, ukunaka ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe amahlamvu, okuyizinto futhi engadingekile fafaza njalo (ngaphandle kwesikhathi izimbali).

Khumbula, uma uzodinga kabusha imbiza endaweni entsha, okokuqala lesi sitshalo kuyadingeka ukuze ugoqe ngokucophelela gauze, okuzodala evamile ukukhanya kuma futhi uyomsiza ukuze ubone kahle hle ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha Ukusabalala entsha. Kulokhu, zonke ukuthi idinga ekukhuleni, it is esikhiqiza ukufakelwa ngesikhathi esifanele, okuzokwenza ukubhekana nanoma ubani, hhayi ngisho kokuba isipiliyoni esifanele floriculture, kodwa ngijwayele izidingo eziyisisekelo eziphathelene nokugcinwa.

ukuchelela

Ukunisela izitshalo kufanele inikwe ukuqashelwa okukhethekile. Amanzi owasebenzisayo a akufanele ibe limestone ukungcola, umthelela ongemuhle ohlelweni impande. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhofi kudinga ukusekelwa njalo asidi ekhethekile emhlabathini, ngoba kuyo okudingekile ukuze ungeze yamanzi inesikhala okulungiselelwe ukunisela, amathonsi eziningana uviniga noma citric acid zinhlayiya. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi simila uthanda umswakama, asikubekezeleli phezulu emoyeni.

Ngenxa yokudla yemvelo akumelwe ibe ngaphansi kuka kanye njalo ezinyangeni 1.5 ukusebenzisa amaminerali liquid Umanyolo, ngakho uthola ukukhula okusheshayo amahlumela kanye isitshalo uyosinika konke izakhi ezidingekayo.

ukudla

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuvundiswa njalo entwasahlobo yonyaka, ngesikhathi lapho kulindeleke ukubukeka izimbali, lesi sitshalo kubalulekile ngangokunokwenzeka ukwandisa okuqukethwe ku-nitrogen podpitok ne phosphorus. Njengoba umthombo oyinhloko ungenza ezejwayelekile uphondo shavings noma bone kokudla. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngaphandle nemishini ekhethekile ukunquma uma kukhona eyanele asidi zenhlabathi, akunakwenzeka, Ngakho-ke, ukuhlinzeka umsoco elilungile kuya simila kumele lithintane sezimbali yakho ukuze yokufuna yokudla ofanele kakhulu. Uma inkathi ukufakelwa wena ngasizathu simbe Awunayo imali eyanele ukuba sikuzuze, sebenzisa moss ethafeni, oqoshiwe, okuyinto in inqwaba zingatholakala ezindaweni ihlathi.

Uma, by isicelo efanele zikamanyolo isitshalo ziqalise nokukhula ngokushesha, futhi uma uyiyisa tillering landa, ngomusa phusha amahlumela side, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-ingxenye ethile ashwabene futhi ngobumnene sheared ngasesinqeni se-stem ishidi enamathela.

Ubunzima ukuba ihlangabezane

Lapho benakekela isitshalo ezifana ikhofi, qiniseka khumbula ukuthi uma asidi kwenhlabathi sizoba esanele, amahlamvu ungalahlekelwa oluhlaza yabo emnyama, ukubukeka ecwebezelayo futhi babe ezishintshe umbala. amahlamvu Coffee baqale phuzi futhi ngokushesha esikhathini esizayo, ome ngokuphelele, uma isitshalo ongawamukeli benezincwadi ezanele umoya ohlanzekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma nomswakama egumbini kuwukweqisa, amahlamvu kuqale nokuqala ukwenzeka inqubo ukuwohloka, okuyinto ngemuva kokumisa simila uzodinga semali isikhathi uzama alulame ngokugcwele.

Futhi, ningadakwa kahle ukuthatha izeluleko ezithile kusuka onguchwepheshe ukutshala ikhofi ushiya emkhakheni isivikelo izinambuzane ezivamile:

  • Spider izibungu.
  • Scale izinambuzane.
  • Mealybug.
  • Aphid.

Okuwukuphela kwendlela ungaqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi isitshalo sakho uzokwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele ekhaya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uzokunika izithelo elimnandi.

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