Shilka River - izici eziyinhloko nokubaluleka kwezomnotho

Enye yezinhlangano ezinkulu kunazo kwesokunxele nemingenela Amur - Zabaikal'skii emfuleni shilka - ezakhiwe fusing futhi Ingoda Onon. Kuthatha endaweni Amazarskogo Shilka nobubanzi ezahlukene futhi onesimo okusheshayo.

geography

I isiqondiso jikelele emfuleni - enyakatho-mpumalanga. Kuphela ekugcineni, yena ngokuzethemba uphendukela empumalanga. Ubude kuyinto 560 km ubude - kusuka 40 kuya 200 m, endaweni okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi - ayizinkulungwane 206 km ^{2 ..} Shilka eqhubeka phakathi elaliphansi kwamagquma ezintabeni, ngezinye izikhathi kuphela emuva emlanjeni, kube yisigodi encane. Sifinyelela ongenhla emfuleni izici inqwaba nezimpophoma Rapids.

Shilka sidla ngasemifudlaneni eziningi ezincane, lapho kukhona cishe ayisikhombisa. Eliphawuleka kakhulu phakathi kwawo - Kara, Kureng, Chacha, Black. Kodwa owumthelela eyinhloko eMfuleni Shilka itholakala ohlangothini lwesobunxele - ke Nercha agelezela Shilka amagatsha amaningana futhi ubude 580 km.

Hydrology

Shilka River Basin Water umbuso has sici ayo - kwesikhathi uzamcolo izinsuku ezingu 120-130. Inani ngonyaka kungaba ezikhukhuleni 8 kuya ku-12. Ezinye zazo, kungathi esikhulu komunye nomunye, futhi uma benza kanjalo bangase kuthathe izinyanga 3. Umkhawulo ezingeni amanzi ekushintshashintsheni Shilka waphawula ukuthi 12.5 m. Lo mfula 80% amanzi emvula, kuphindze kufake sandla encibilika iqhwa ugcwalise inani elikhulu nemingenela. Iningi ngonyaka (izinsuku ezingu-200) Shilka River kunesithembiso ngaphansi eqhweni, ukususa ngokuphelele kuphela Meyi.

Biota

Shilka kanye inkambo iningi matasa entabeni-ehlathini namathafa, ejwayelekile Eastern Trans-iBaikal. Dry emaqeleni utshani-forb ngokuhlanganiswa East laseSiberia entabeni ehlathini. Engxenyeni engezansi eyinhloko yabo onsundu nenhlabathi kanye nenhlabathi black imali ngaphezulu. Emithambekeni enyakatho wezintaba endaweni engamamitha angaba ngu-1000 m uphahlwe grey ihlathi nenhlabathi.

Izitshalo ezivamile asemaqeleni zone kukhona feather, Zmeevka, Thyme, acaulescent bloodroot nabanye. Amasayithi Boreal yibona zikaphayini, birch, larch, lemisedari. Kulokhu, iningi izingxenye esenyakatho emithambekeni embozwe okhanyayo larch izihlahla, eningizimu amahlathi ikakhulukazi zikaphayini. Cedar kungatholakala kuphela phezulu zone entabeni ehlathini.

Shilka River cishe kulo lonke sizungezwe emaweni anezinguzunga zamadwala, nezihlahla ngakho esinabantu igcwele wonke amathafa, lapho nesiteshi okungenani kancane enwetshiwe ukugeleza kuba ukuzola. Izimila libhekene ukwehluka okukhulu.

Ebusweni phansi wehlukile futhi wambozwa amatshe ukuze kuvuleke emfuleni ohamba uba nezimpophoma ezincane kaningi kangaka, elula, izimbobo ngisho nezimpophoma. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kahle off ezihlukahlukene zezinhlanzi izinhlanzi. Ngo eziningi zabantu Shilka beluga Sturgeon, salmon, chum salmon trout. Omunye amadamu ezinonileyo sezinhlanzi kubhekwa umfula Shilka. Letha eziningi zezinhlanzi emfuleni ehlanzekile abandayo nemingenela entabeni, ezifana unda, Delyun, bot nokuningi.

ukubaluleka kwezomnotho

Ayesefana nemifula eminingi kule eMpumalanga Ekude, inani Shilka kubalulekile njengoba umzila ezokuthutha. Kuyinto imikhumbi ngoba cishe ubude balo lonke. Nokho, ngenxa inani elikhulu iyatholakala ku emlanjeni Sills futhi egeleza ngesilinganiso lokuthumela Ngokuvamile kunzima. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, ngezinye izikhathi kunezindlela iziphazamiso sezinsuku kufika ku-15. Iningi ukuthuthukiswa navigation e sifinyelela ephansi - avela emlonyeni kuya edolobheni Sretensk. Umfula kabanzi ugodo kude. Navigation ihlala 160 kuya ku-180 days.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthombo ngokwanele enkulu amandla emfuleni Shilka. Trans-iBaikal Territory uyakwazi akhiqiza izigidi zabafundi kilowatts kagesi ezishibhile ngezithukuthuku insimu yalo etholakala emifuleni emikhulu nemincane. Kutfutfukiswa Hydropower kuyinkinga enkulu ukuphathwa kwamanzi esifundeni.

Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo lo Shilka nge nemingenela yayo kanye izindawo zokudoba. Phakathi zidala, ukudoba kusukela Amur hamba Shoals, njengoba ephakama ngezizathu zidala e sifinyelela ongenhla emifuleni entabeni.

Amadolobha aseduze zidalwe izimo ezikahle yokwamukela izivakashi eziningi, okuyinto ekhangayo kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva Ekude. Photo Shilka River, ogwini olunamadwala yayo, izigodi ebiyelwe ngamapulangwe futhi expanses enkulukazi kwayo ngendlela esabekayo ithwala amanzi alo - konke olubabazeka kakhulu futhi ekhangayo.