Cornelius Vanderbilt: izithombe, biography, izingcaphuno, amazwi

Uma thina sithungathe umlando waleli zonke izihloko ezinkulu ezaziwayo, labo namuhla asebebizwa ngokuthi "imali endala", avame emthonjeni yenzuzo lokuqala kuyoba abantu izimiso ezingabazisayo zokuziphatha, kodwa nge engasenathonya okukhulu. Futhi lokhu Yokuphepha isebenza kuzo zonke izikhulu yesimanje, noMbusi wababusi senators. Kubalulekile nokukhumbula umlando isiRashiya, ngisho kude ukuze baqonde ngokusebenzisa iminyaka yini engaba ikhulu inzalo ka abantu ababenze umcebo 90s kwekhulu elidlule, uma hhayi iziqu, cishe zizohlonishwa abantu kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Ngaphandle-ke, inhloko-dolobha ezophindaphindwa. Ngezinye izikhathi inzalo etotoswayo nje basaphaze isimo. Kwenzeka nge igalelo ebadlula ngowokuqala Melika.

Igama Cornelius Vanderbilt e-US ukwazi yonke imisebenzi yayo afakiwe yizincwadi kwezomnotho, kunyakaze igama lakhe abaqeqeshi kanye namasu othisha sokwanda siqu. Kodwa indaba yakhe futhi indaba uhlobo ugcina endodaneni yakhe. Angazi dream ngalokhu Billionaire.

Umndeni UVan der Bilten

UKhoneliyasi wayengumholi ingane yesine ekhaya, lonke igama lakhe, kuzwakala Cornelius Vanderbilt Jr., igama lakhe wathola behlonipha uyise. Wawuyindawo okwazalelwa kuyo njengomkhaya epulazini lakubo, kwenzeka ngo May 1794. Njengazo zonke baseMelika, uVan der Bilten babedabuka wayelangazelela ukuzwa ukuze bavuselele ukuphila kwabo ezingeni elemukelekile. Mayelana izigidi akekho wafuna. Kahle futhi basebenza kanzima ukuze bondle imikhaya yabo futhi bahole yobudala ethulile ubudala, - mhlawumbe kwaba uwukuphela ugqozi zezimali zomkhaya. Isibongo Vanderbilt ekuqaleni lalinabashumayeli izingxenye ezintathu: Van der Bilten. Nge izikhala esehlelembe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi negama ubunye atholwe kokubili yokubiza amagama nezindlela ngokubhala.

UYise magnate esizayo wathola epulazini elincane, ezihlanganyela emsebenzini ethekwini. Ekuqondeni yakhe kolwandle, ukuphila port - kuba umthwalo osindayo kakhulu, okuyinto has a umsebenzi ezingcolile futhi engenayo kancane kuphela. Lo mbono waphefumulela nendodana yakhe yesine, kodwa lo mfana wayazi okuhlukile. Ngo amaphupho akhe eziphila olwandle kwakusho inkululeko, ingcebo amathuba unlimited. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, ezingafani inhliziyo abukhali, uKorneliyu Vanderbilt wafuna ukusishiya phansi isikole eneminyaka engu-11, ukuze benza abakuthandayo. Futhi ngisho kwesokunxele izindonga zawo, kodwa-port akuyona ngokushesha ufinyelelwe, kuze kube iminyaka engu-16 kanzima epulazini lomkhaya. Kodwa ngisho noma wayefuna ukuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe, akazange aphumelele ukubuyisana nomkakhe. ibhizinisi lakhe lokuqala futhi nehlazo ayeyakhe ezindongeni isikhungo.

Umuzwa wokuqala zokuhweba kanye lokuqola

Ngaphambi isihloko ngenxa kuqala million, uKorneliyu Vanderbilt yabonisa ihlazo, ibhizinisi kanye rigidity e nokuxazulula izinkinga. Leli cala namanje ezindongeni isikhungo lapho moneymaker abasha wafunda ukufunda futhi izibalo.

Mfundisi esikoleni sendawo akazange zehluke ezizungezile sabasebenza kanzima, ukubhala, ukufunda nokubala amakhono ngaphandle. Ezinye izindaba zika-uhlu "izimfanelo" kwakuvamile nokudakwa iyona komugqa wokuqala. Lapho iqaphela ngesidlo esisodwa a Hangover kusuka omunye wothisha bakhe, uKorneliyu isinqumo sokuba asize abahluphekayo wanikela njengendlela yokwelapha for corn-vodka imvelaphi ezingabazisayo. Yiqiniso, imali ethile. Thishela angenta ukumelana futhi wavuma ukuba "umsindisi," kuzo zonke izono zabo, ikakhulukazi ukuthi baletha isiphuzo kwaba ezishibhile zonke saloons ezizungezile.

Kuyoze kube nini lo Symbiosis, umlando alisho, kodwa uma uthisha ezineshwa wanquma ukubaleka ekuxhakathisweni umfundzi bayaphikelela. Labe livuliwe uyini ngempela Oshaka ibhizinisi: UKorneliyu Vanderbilt ukuthi yonke indaba uzobona ukutshela nhloko nakubo bonke abantu emhlabeni, lapho zokuhlala uthisha ehhovisi. Wayefanele sokunikela ngokushesha. Umlando ekugcineni kucaca, kwaqubuka kungamanyala omkhulu, Othisha bangixosha sehlazweni, washiya uKorneliyu.

Kamuva wathi: "Uma sengithathe isikhathi sokutadisha, bekungeke kudingeke isikhathi sokwenza noma yini." Lesi simo sengqondo esikoleni yefilosofi nokuzwelana yakhe nazo zonke Nouveau Riche inkathi kwezimboni American.

Ibhizinisi for 10 bucks

Vanderbilt Kornelius kuyisikhathi eside ngizibuza indlela yokwenza imali futhi kuphi dolobha uqale-up. Bazali, wacela dollar ayishumi ukuthenga a badayisa isikebhe. Isamba abalimi kunalokho enkulu, futhi ubaba wayengenayo unquma isinyathelo esinjalo, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa semikhumbi futhi konke okuphathelene nakho. Kodwa umama wazi konke indodana yakhe futhi yakhetha uyithengele, kodwa isimo phambi umsebenzi epulazini. Ukuze uthole dolobha qala-up, uKorneliyu kwadingeka umjuluko pretty phezu kwabendlu: baphathe amatshe, ukumba inhlabathi, ukutshala izitshalo, nokunye - abasebenza phansi uhlale eziningi. Ngemuva kokuqeda zonke izithembiso ayelizwe ukonga kanina siqu.

Watercraft lokuqala

Ungalibali kuyo sikaphalafini emuva hhayi kokuhileleka kunoma yiluphi reflection, abantu abayishumi nesithupha itilosi esanda kuzalwa ngokushesha waya ngokuthenga badayisa isikebhe. Uthenge umkhumbi ayebuthakathaka, okumenza igcinwe untanta, kodwa ukaputeni wayezimisele ukuba esiphathiswa labalulekile eluLwimi New York Harbor. Delivery Umncintiswano izakhamizi kusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye yayinkulu, kwaba indlela kuphela ukusuka kwelinye ingxenye edolobheni komunye. Abaningi baye eyathatha lolo hambo izikhathi eziningana ngosuku, itekisi elwela abagibeli ngamunye futhi libe yindawo phansi kwelanga ndawonye elintantayo. Cornelius Vanderbilt ukuthi usemncane kakhulu, futhi, ngokubona abanolwazi Abashayeli bamatekisi, ukubhekana naye akukho nobunzima.

umkhumbi wakhe wayezama ukucwila ngamunye ebusuku okokuqala. Wokuqonda yini engalungile, Vanderbilt beqaphela ukuthi lo muntu phansi isikebhe ngezibhakela. Ulaka wayemkhulu, inkambo waya ngezibhakela, inhlamba. ikhanda Crazy akwenzele umsebenzi wakhe - wesaba. Gxilisa yokwesaba abaphikisi babo wasiza nokukhula okukhulu ngaphansi kwamamitha amabili, umphimbo esemathinini bese bebeka amazwi nalangesiwo etemibhalo nemishwana efakazela ngokucacile impikiswano inzuzo yayo.

Ngemva kwaleso senzakalo kuqala, umncintiswano ayizange kudamba, kodwa umfana kwaba "ukubhalisa". kaningi wayeyoba ukubhekana nezindaba kanje, kodwa legend ukuthi zakhiwa ngaphansi kwegama kaKorneliyu Vanderbilt. Biography tycoon egcwele izimpi, eccentricities, unya kanye nekhono ukuze afinyelele imigomo.

amasu okulahlwa

Ngesikhashana nje waqaphela ukuthi play ngeke bakwazi ukwenza imithetho jikelele hhayi inzuzo futhi fast, uKorneliyu Vanderbilt wenza imithetho yabo. Lo mkhumbi okuthiwa "Greyhound" is namahemuhemu ukuba ngokulambisa igcinwe ntanta futhi sisengozini yokucwila nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kodwa nokho abagibeli esetshenziswa amasevisi ayo. amadola amathathu umuntu ngamunye - ngakho kunomvuzo kakhulu ukuthuthela kolunye uhlangothi New York, ngakho wathatha-ke. Vanderbilt uye eyehlisiwe fares dollar elilodwa, anda umgibeli traffic ngezinye izikhathi. Hungry lesiphambano emfuleni balwa indawo isikebhe sakhe, futhi babezimisele ahlale ethangeni nomunye, ukuze nje ulondoloze imali.

Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyishumi nambili, uKorneliyu wanika unina ethathwe isikweletu samadola ayizigidigidi eziyishumi, futhi imali umndeni imali kwi ayinkulungwane. He qamba isimo imvelo yenethiwekhi kwaba ungakuvumeli ukuba nokuqonda mutual, kwadingeka ukwehlisa intengo konke, umuntu waphula. Lahla zonke upstarts like. Ayalwa kwakuyinto njalo Vanderbilt, silulumagama agcwaliswa ngezithukuthuku imigomo ulwandle kanye mat zikhethe. Noma kunjalo, uKorneliyu Vanderbilt wathola izimali ukuze sandise ibhizinisi labo.

Iqembu lokuqala

Thenga izikebhe eziningana, Vanderbilt wathatha iqembu ukufanisa yena: zonke wafunga, bakwazi ukwesabisa imbangi uhlobo ezinolaka, igama elinamandla, futhi uma kudingeka, bese ngenqindi. Imikhumbi encane ubekhona, ifike nokulahlwa, kwakuyothatha lonke emakethe. Kodwa esikhathini 1812-1815 biennium. Kwathi udweshu phakathi England nase Melika. K. Vanderbilt, engozini umkhumbi nokuphila waqhubeka lokuthumela khona, kulokhu sase yangithwala gear kanye izimpahla impi.

Amasevisi supply empi ayengamadoda ayeyizinkulungwane hhayi khulula, ngaphandle Cornelius wasungula uhlelo zokucabangela: ukuthenga imikhiqizo ethandwa kwenye ingxenye New York ithengiswe kwenye. Gesheft kusukela resales wayekholelwa ecaleni, kodwa ngoba umgomo oyinhloko kwaba yokucebisa, kodwa ngoba yebhizinisi futhi ihlelwe kahle. Kancane kancane, wathenga yonke abathwali izikebhe cishe waba monopolist. Yathatha iminyaka eyisikhombisa. Waba yinkakha cabotage, omunye procurers engcono, uye wathola igama uMlawuli, waqongelela yizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu kuphela zamadola, kodwa ... ngenkathi steamboats.

ukaputeni

Cornelius Vanderbilt akazange sisheshe sizazise amathemba ngesitimu imikhumbi nokuqonda, nganquma yenza ngokuphephile. Ukuze aphumelele, kwakudingeka ukuba ulwazi imikhumbi ezintsha kanye namakhono abo. Njengoba umuntu akakubekezeleli izixazululo ngokwengxenye, ithengisa lonke iviyo lalo lemikhumbi yempi futhi ukuqasha ukaputeni emkhunjini ngesitimu Thomas Gibbons amaholo eziyinkulungwane zamaRandi ngonyaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, washada nesizotha nkosazana esencane nge umkhosi epulazini elingumakhelwane, Sofii Dzhonson.

Ngesitimu Gibbons eholwa uCaptain Vanderbilt ngokwenama bophezela izindiza esuka eNew York elibangise New Jersey. Uthuthwa wezimpahla abagibeli ngenxa yezizathu ezehlukene. Ngemva kokufunda iminyaka embalwa, yonke imininingwane yebhizinisi womkhumbi Awe-Carting futhi enkulu, uKorneliyu Vanderbilt wathonyelwa Gibbons ndawonye ukwakha umkhumbi entsha.

Inkathi entsha ye ibhizinisi

Vanderbilt usise endaweni mkhumbi omusha yonke imali yabo futhi wenza iphrojekthi. Lo mkhumbi omusha okuthiwa Bellona, futhi Vanderbilt Kornelius, njengoba umholi we ibhizinisi, uye savuka siqu ibhizinisi isitayela yayo - wayengumuntu amashushu yokulahla. Yokugibela phezu "Belon" kwaba kuphela $ 1, okwakukhona ngaphansi kane kunobukaJohane zonke nezinye izinto ezithwala.

Izimbangi, ohlangothini owawungumnyaka umthetho kaningana ababebakhonza kuye enkantolo, induna ngobuqili wafika bailiffs, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi waphunyuka kubo. Kwakuthiwa umkhumbi endlwaneni eyakhiwe imfihlo, okuyinto uyazi kuphela uMlawuli, ngakho kufihlwe kalula ngakho kusukela Themis. Ukuthola sesimweni ovelele kule bhizinisi, wenza njengoba i umhlaseli futhi impisi, edwengula bube manikiniki okuncintiswana eqinisweni, njengoba kufanele indoda egama layo nguKorneliyu Vanderbilt.

Wabuye wasungula elinye ibhizinisi: wathenga ehhotela elincane nge yokucima ukoma phezu lomfula, lapho umphakathi ehlonishwa bakwazi ukuhlala silulindele umkhumbi wakhe futhi nje bazijabulise. Omuny isikhungo waba ngumkakhe. Lokhu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba 1829. I ephaketheni uye zanqwabelana amadola ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu, kodwa wayesesendaweni abahahayo, le K. Vanderbilt, kuqala kwezigidi ezingu ubenyezela akubiza mbono namanje kude phambili. Kwakuphakathi nesikhathi ukuqala elikhulu umdlalo.

Ukwenqaba njengoba oluthile engenayo

Cornelius Vanderbilt - usomabhizinisi omkhulu, futhi kwacaca ngesikhathi inhlangano ayitholwa kuqala. Ukutjhisekela ukuziqalela amabhizinisi abo ngaphandle umngane, yena uthengisa esigxotsheni lakhe New Jersey futhi zayiswa eNew York. Inkosikazi wamelana ushintsho endaweni yokuhlala, kodwa yomkhaya eyamenza waqiniseka Ngendlela ewubuciko: ungavumelani isinqumo umkayo, wabaphathisa izinyanga ezimbili ekhaya uhlanya.

Emuva e-New York, wamisa inkampani lokuthumela futhi ukwenza ibhizinisi ajwayelekile: ethutha izimpahla nabantu futhi yayihamba, kodwa yokugibela nambili kuphela amasenti.

Isikebhe Cruises usebenza phakathi New York Pikssillom kulo mzila ngesikhathi Vanderbilt wayevele esinakho. Futhi waphoqeleka aphume emakethe. Khona-ke waqala emncintiswaneni ne Hudson River Association, bephonsa izibhamu ezinkulu - ungathathi imali yokuhamba. Kodwa abagibeli ukuzikhohlisa elinde ukushaywa kakhulu kusukela izinkomba oludlulele: izindleko ukudla neziphuzo emkhunjini iye overestimated by izikhathi eziningana, kancane offset ulahla Vanderbilt umdlalo. Inhlangano riverine Hudson badela: kwaba icala lokuqala lapho inkampani Ucele yenethiwekhi yangasese ukunciphisa nemisebenzi yabo. Njengoba isinxephezelo wanikelwa ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu zamadola amadola ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu unyaka ngamunye iminyaka eyishumi. Futhi Commander bavumelana!

kuqala abayizigidi ezingu

Vanderbilt ithwala imisebenzi yayo futhi ithwala abagibeli abangu-e-Boston, Long Island, nasemzini State of Connecticut. Ibhizinisi blooms, engu-amane ezinqwabelene Cornelius isimo has nengxenye ayisigidi, kodwa ukoma ngemali ungacimi. Lo mkhaya uthuthela futhi, manje e-Long Island. Njalo okulahlwa, uMlawuli uyasinda lapho umncintiswano, ithola isinxephezelo futhi ngo-1846 imikhumbi yakhe eboshelwe zonke amadolobha amakhulu eMelika. Kwakungenxa kulo nyaka K. Vanderbilt wathola kuqala million ibhizinisi lokuthumela.

Panama-canal

Ngo-1848 e-California, wathola igolide imali, futhi enye imfiva balawulwa Melika. Indlela elula ukuze uthole ngokusebenzisa iPanama Canal ukuze umbe umqondo omusha, kodwa amandla ukusebenzisa imibono zokuqala uzwakalise Vanderbilt. Maye, izindlela lobuchwepheshe akazange suffice UKorneliyu isinqumo umbuzo ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuvakasha ukuze abafuna izinto ngendlela yabo. Kuvunyiwe noHulumeni wanoma Nicaragua, wahlela charter izindiza, ngawo abacwaningi impunzi okusheshayo endaweni izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kwe-nozakwabo owaguqukela kwezinye izinkampani. Unyaka ngamunye, elisendleleni abagibeli waletha esigidini uKaputen imali net.

Canal abami umbono ibashiye Vanderbilt. Nakulokhu futhi, ukuthengisa lonke ibhizinisi, uKorneliyu bahamba bayofuna nabangane. Njengoba inkampani yasungulwa Panama ye Transit Co.

yobumfihlo

Ngobusuku obandulela wokugubha sixtieth lwekhanda umndeni Vanderbilts force egcwele saya yacht uhambo yangasese azungeze eYurophu. Lo mkhumbi wabizwa ngokuthi "North Star", iphrojekthi yayo kanye nomklamo abathintekayo mathupha Cornelius Vanderbilt. Izithombe injabulo isikebhe sase ke inyatheliswe cindezela. Ukunambitheka usozigidi wawungagunci, nakho konke mayelana impahla yakhe, futhi waphuma abaqhoshayo, ukuklabalasa mayelana okunethezeka. Shock izethameli walithanda uMlawuli, nge Puffy ekhumbuza abanye lapho weza 'singene ezweni "futhi bangaki amakilasi lapho imfundo. Amaphephandaba wesikhathi njalo yaxoxa naye, kwesinye, wathi kuzo: ". Kukho konke ukuphila kwami ngisangene mayelana nemali, kokusungulwa izindlela ezintsha ukuze enze kubo angishiya azisona isikhathi sokuzithela imfundo"

Ayikho ngaphansi abaqhoshayo futhi kwadingeka emzini wakhe eStaten Island, wakha nazo zonke izifiso tycoon. Kwaba ukuxuba kumnandi oluyingozi izitayela ezahlukene, kwadingeka amathathu phansi, umkhathi wayefuyile kakhulu ukubaluleka futhi kunganambitheki ku yokubhalisa. I inkanuko kakhulu art into kwaba esifanekisweni sendlu amazwibela "UKorneliyu Vanderbilt". Izithombe inxuluma zazivame eshicilelwe kwabezindaba ngaleso sikhathi.

ujantshi yinkosi

Ngo 1853, umndeni Vanderbilt waya kwelinye, kwaba ngowokuqala Cornelius iholide egcwele. Phatha izindaba yenkampani ye Transit Co washiya abasebenzi bakhe ababili ushlyh ngubani ngokukhwabanisa ashaqe esigxotsheni elilawulayo. Ulaka Commander kuholele yocingo: "Nkosi! Wena nesibindi ukuze akhohlise kimi. Mina ngeke zisebenzise ngawe enkantolo, njengoba isistimu yamaphuzu uyephuza kakhulu. Ngiyakuchitha wena. Abazithobayo, uKorneliyu Vanderbilt. " Njengoba sasho futhi senza - inzuzo kusukela impi ukuba abe impahla yakhe emuva kathathu. Icala eyathatha iminyaka eminingana, ke unqobile Cornelius Vanderbilt. Izitatimende magnate ziqondiswe Themis nabasebenzi wangaphambili kabanzi ocashunwe cindezela.

Kwake kwathi babuka ngesitimela, uMlawuli waqaphela ukuthi ukuthuthwa umhlaba ephephile futhi engabizi amathemba leli bhizinisi wathembisa inzuzo enkulu. Vanderbilt waphinda ukuthengisa ibhizinisi layo yonke athenge ezingenanzuzo kakhulu ngesikhathi lo jantshi - Harlem.

Ukuthenga iDemo imigqa legatsha futhi amasheya kwezinye izinkampani, wasebenza phezu sihlangane futhi zigqila. Ukutshala imali ukuthuthukiswa, wakwazi ukwenza amagatsha amancane omude kunayo yonke wesitimela umzila. Ngakho kwamiswa Central New York, ujantshi uvamise ukuqashwa. Kokuqhubeka ngendlela evamile - ngokunciphisa izintengo zokuthutha, uKorneliyu Vanderbilt angabacwasi ngokushesha iba umnikazi wojantshi ezimbili ende futhi inzuzo - Harlem naseNew York. Phakathi nale nkathi, he is a umncintiswano onzima kabi, okuyinto kuphela kunezela pepper ukuphila. Phakathi oneminyaka emihlanu ujantshi yeqhawe Vanderbilt babanjwa ujantshi amathrekhi kwesigamu Melika, izindleko amathikithi ezitimeleni zayo kwaba njalo aphansi ukwedlula abanye.

izindlalifa

Ngesikhathi tycoon nginezingane 11, abane kubona - abafana. Ngenxa imfundo yabo ngesikhathi amantombazane awazange asinakekele kuyise - ngeke ukugqoka nesibongo sakhe emva komtshado, futhi ibhizinisi lomndeni kudingeka kufanele idluliselwe indodana yakhe ukuthi uyoqhubeka. Koonyana we ethembisayo, ngisho phakathi nokuphila neyaziwayo ubuhlakani kayise zezimali uWilliam Vanderbilt. Wathatha cishe kuyo yonke indawo isimo uKorneliyu: izigidi ezingu-90 zamaRandi. Lonke inani ifa Sasinjani isimo elikhulu Melika ngesikhathi - abayizigidi ezingu 102 zamaRandi. Labo abasele abanga-12 million Kwasakazwa phakathi izinhlangano zosizo kanye nezinye izingane.

Kungakhathaliseki omunye ucabanga ukuthi ungumoya bangesikhathi sakhe futhi inzalo, umsebenzi wakhe uyaqaphela noma ngokungazi wakhonza njengephayona tekutfutfukisa talelive, ngisho noma umgomo oyinhloko kwaba inzuzo, kodwa okungukuthi enjalo Wayengubani uKorneliyu Vanderbilt. Ucaphuna ingxoxo yakhe waqhubeka izincwadi, futhi eziningi zazo ziye zaba amazwi aphindaphindwayo for osomabhizinisi. Kodwa okunqumayo kule umsebenzi we tycoon kwaba uhlobo namasu esisuka e "kokulunyulwa imali kusuka labantu."