Umlando kohwebo eRussia

Umlando kwezamabhizinisi eRussia. predprinimaielstvo wabeka izimpande zawo esuka Rus lasendulo. Yaba ngesisekelo umsebenzi wakhe, okuyinto ithuthukiswe imizi, ayenza ezithumela kwamanye amazwe. Njengoba sazi, ngokusebenzisa Russia ngalesi sikhathi kwaba Umzila wezohwebo odumile "kusukela amaViking amaGreki."

ERussia, osomabhizinisi kanye abathengisi awazange ngezesilisa esihlukile. Enterprise wahlanganyela cishe kuyo yonke imikhakha yomphakathi. Russia sasisempini umsebenzi ibhizinisi eminyaka. Ukuthuthukiswa olubanzi ubudlelwane Ikhredithi isiqinisekiso ekukhuleni kahle ibhizinisi eRussia. Phakathi nokubusa Ivana Groznogo Stroganov abathengisi yobushoshovu sekuwuphawu kohwebo. Umsunguli walesi ukuhweba uhlobo eziphoqelelwe hhayi kuphela ngaphakathi ezweni kodwa futhi namanye amazwe. Ngo 15veke eMoscow idume ubudlelwane olubanzi ukuhweba phakathi abalimi. A esitolo e yezandla. Abathengisi walala ukuhweba nge Lithuania, eCrimea, iPheresiya, Kafa, Khiva, eBukhara, Azov, ... Konke lwabangela 16-17vv Russian engamakhulu seluvele evuthiwe ukuhweba chain. Okungukuthi, umlando ibhizinisi ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni eRussia.

Phakathi nale minyaka, kukhona ukuhweba Zonke-Russian, t. E. Trade futhi wakhekile phakathi izifunda ngazinye yezwe. Kakade ekhulwini le-17. ekilasini commercial futhi umthengisi labelwa ukuba eqenjini elithile bendawo nedolobha abantu. I osomabhizinisi enkulu etholakele inkosi isihloko '' isivakashi ''. Kuthathwa ohlonishwa kakhulu nezihloniphekile. Ukuze uthole lesi sihloko, umthengisi kwadingeka ukuba okungenani 20,000 inzuzo. Kanye isihloko, zingabantu ekhululiwe ukukhokha ukuhambisana, bagubha izikhundla eziphezulu zezimali, futhi banikezwe ilungelo ukuthenga izigodi. Kusukela eMoscow ngaleso sikhathi wathatha kuqale ukuhweba futhi ibhizinisi 6 izindlela eziyinhloko: White Sea, Smolensk, iVolga, isi-Ukrainian, eSiberia futhi Novgorod. Enkathini yangaphambi kwezincwadi sikaPeter Omkhulu wayakhe nqampuna umhlabeleli nemibandela ukunwetshwa nokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi Russian. Ososayensi nezazi-mlando baye bame kwelokuthi kwenzeka izinguquko yakhe kaPetru okokuqala wavula indlela kwezamabhizinisi wezinsimbi. Phawula futhi ukuthi iningi abathengisi nosomabhizinisi wesikhathi babe abalimi wangaphambili. Phakathi kwabo kukhona osomabhizinisi efana Prokhorov Morozov, Grachev nabanye ...

Ngisho e ngenkathi uCatherine II ke waqeda isidingo ukuthola "izimvume izimiso" ukuqala ibhizinisi kanye namadivayisi zayo. UCatherine II futhi abolishes le ayitholwa futhi wethula ephelele ukuhweba khulula. Ekugcineni ngo-1785, ibhizinisi Russian uthola kusuka eside elindelwe izincwadi patent wakhe. Ngakho isikhundla sabo liphume kakhulu. Ukuze eKufundza neKubhala kuzo zonke abathengisi zahlukaniswa 3 inhlangano. Iqembu lokuqala, ngamanye amazwi, Guild iphathwa abathengisi ababenolwazi inhlokodolobha-10-eyinkulungwane. Iqembu lesibili - abathengisi nge inhlokodolobha ruble ayizigidi 5-10. Esesithathu inhlangano - kusuka 1 kuya kwezingu 5 ruble capital. Izinguquko ezinkulu zika-Alexander II 60-70-yalolucwaningo 19veka umlando wabelane ibhizinisi Russian ku ezimbili parts- pre-kabusha nangemuva kabusha nezikhathi. Post-kabusha nkathi, eyadonsa kwaze kwaba ngo-1913, obizwa ngokuthi inkathi yokuchuma ibhizinisi. Ngokuvamile, ipumelelo ibhizinisi Russian 19veka ekupheleni zazimane emangalisayo. Kodwa konke kwashintsha ngemva 1917goda. A esigabeni esisha ku umlando kwezamabhizinisi e laseRussia laqala ngo-1992. Lokhu kwakuyisiqalo isimo ibhizinisi eRussia. Uhulumeni umemezele kwathatha izimakethe. Manje isimo imatasa ibhizinisi, okusho ilawula ibhizinisi. It ixhomeke ukuthuthukiswa Rossii.Takova umlando omfushane ibhizinisi eRussia.

Ngakho azi lokho umlando ibhizinisi eRussia kanye zamanje isimo kwezamabhizinisi eRussia, kufanele zenze ngcono isimiso sokuthutha bese uzama ukukhulisa ke ezingeni elisha. Umlando ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi Russian empeleni idinga Ukulifunda ngijule, elingazange asivumela kwenkululeko lesi sihloko.