Amakhompyutha, Izinhlelo
CSS, mbumbulu, mbumbulu: lokuhambisa phezulu, ingane, target
Ngokuhlanganisa HTML futhi CSS, ungakwazi ukulawula ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izingxenye eWeb. Nge izitayela ungakwazi ukushintsha kalula ukubukeka yimuphi block noma umugqa. Ngokuvamile Coder udinga ukwenza umsebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi - ukushintsha ukubukeka kwalesi sakhi ayikanye, njengoba ehlukile ingxenye noma esimweni esithile. Kulokhu, ukusiza mbumbulu CSS.
Pseudo-bahlinza isimiso esifanayo njengoba amakilasi elivamile elithile e-yomdwebo, kodwa ngokomzimba kungukuthi ukwethula lapha. Abakwazi kukhethwe ngesisekelo izakhi akufakiwe ulwazi mbhalo, okuyinto ngeke ukhethe isikhethi evamile. Nasi isibonelo esilula: unayo inkinobho ebomvu, futhi ufuna uma udlula kwaba blue. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kungashiwo ukusebenza ngo-JavaScript, kodwa kungani kunzima kangaka? zibelula ukusebenzisa : hambisa CSS. Ngosizo lwawo ungakwazi ukunikeza noma yimuphi iyunithi nemingcele ezokwenza abangelwe kuphela uma isikhombisi segundane.
Uhlu CSS mbumbulu amakilasi zide. Mhlawumbe, njengoba ufunda lesi sihloko, kuvela eziningana ezintsha. Ukuze uqale, cabanga naleyo ebonakala ku CSS3 esifakiwe.
: Nth-ka-hlobo
Ake sithi uhlu ofuna ukusebenzisa imibala kushintshana, ie, umugqa sokuqala, isibonelo, ebhalwe ngamagama abomvu, kanti eyesibili - .. Blue, obomvu futhi kwesithathu, kwesine futhi ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaphambili, ukwakha amakilasi ezintsha. Isakhiwo yesikhathi esidlule ukungezwa element ngayinye ohlwini ekilasini, bese washintsha ukuvela kwazo Olwandisekayo. Kwakungekhona ukhululekile kakhulu futhi ungcolisa sakhiwo.
Manje konke kulula. Sebenzisa CSS mbumbulu ekilasini: Nth-ka-hlobo. Lokhu kuyokunika ithuba uthole oyifunayo umphumela ezibukwayo, ngaphandle kokushintsha lutho yomdwebo. Isimiso ilula: ufaka isikhethi, futhi kubakaki okuyigama bhala ifomula noma elisemqoka ukuthi uzothola izinto ezidingekayo. Ngokwesibonelo ,: Nth-ka-hlobo (ngisho) bonke ngisho izakhi, futhi: Nth-ka-hlobo (lingalingani) - lo aphambene. Kukhona inani elikhulu amafomula zisetshenziselwa abalawula. I kubakaki ukhombise inombolo kungenzeka - kulokhu izitayela ozofakwa element kabani Inkomba ilingana kule nombolo.
: Nth-ingane
Lokhu CSS mbumbulu ekilasini isimiso isinyathelo kufana eyodwa wangaphambilini, kodwa ngokungafani okusebenza kuphela nezingane wento ekhethiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ufuna ukuyisebenzisa ukuze wenze ngendlela oyifisayo ukubukeka ongumzali
Ukuze ukwazi ukulawula okunembile ifomula ingasetshenziswa. Ziyakwazi nzima usaqala, kodwa kuwufanele kancane ujule syntax kanjani konke kuba lula. Amafomula zimi kanje: i b +, lapho - kuyisici, futhi b - offset. Ngokwesibonelo, uma e abakaki abonisa n, le mbumbulu ukhetha zonke elementi engane (ngoba ayicacisiwe eyengeziwe ngesimo kanye b). Uma ucacise n + 2, zonke izakhi ngaphandle lokuqala (ngoba offset ilingana ezimbili) uzobe akhethiwe. Okuhle kunakho konke ukuthi lokhu isikhathi sokutadisha practice. Uzizamele yezingxenye ingane amafomula ezahlukene.
: Last-ingane
Konke ilula. CSS ingane mbumbulu amakilasi zisetshenziselwa ukhetha into ethile. Lokhu ukukhethela umntwana lokugcina ingxenye umzali. Isetshenziswa kaningi, isibonelo, ukukhetha irowu lokugcina etafuleni noma susa indentation kusuka esibayeni sekugcina ukugwema ukudluliswa yayo emgqeni olandelayo.
: Nth-zokugcina-ingane
Ngu isimiso wokusebenza kufana eshiwo ngaphambili Nth-ingane, kodwa izenzo kolunye uhlangothi, isb. E. Lapho usebenzisa izakhi izoya phezulu. Lokhu kuwusizo uma udinga ukuthola izintwana ezimbalwa zokugcina.
Ungase ucabange ukuthi lezi mbumbulu amakilasi futhi mbumbulu izakhi CSS engenamsebenzi, kusukela ungakwazi wenze izinto zenzeke kahle ngezimfanelo zawo nezigaba ezivamile. Lena akuyona ngakho. : Nth-ingane ,: nth- zokugcina-ingane futhi analogs zabo zibe lula kakhulu uma ukusebenza kumaphrojekthi amakhulu - ngokwesibonelo, ezimweni lapho block has lenqwaba izingane. Ngesandla uhlele amakilasi eside futhi kanzima.
isilawuli Pseudo-state
Kuthiwani uma udinga ukushintsha ukubukeka i-elementi e esimweni esithile? Leli cala inikeza CSS mbumbulu ukuchofoza ekhombe nezinye izenzo. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.
: isixhumanisi
Lokhu izinkomba mbumbulu CSS, akubona bonke, kodwa yilabo kuphela ezingakalayishelwa wavakashela. Kuyo ungacacisa izitayela kuzinto , okuyiwona msebenzisi okwamanje lidlule.
: wavakashela
Kuvele Analogue of samuntu langaphambilini, olawula izixhumanisi wazivakashela kakade kuphela. Ukuhlanganisa lezi ezimbili mbumbulu amakilasi, ungakwazi ngezifiso ukubukeka tags ngokufana ncamashí okudingayo. ,, Qaphela Nokho ukuthi uthi kubalwa i iziphequluli ezithile futhi edelelwa emuva nomlando ukwelashwa.
I mbumbulu ekilasini: target CSS
Omunye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu mbumbulu amakilasi, uma isetshenziswa ngezinga elithile ubuyisela ukusetshenziswa i-JavaScript. Lwenza ukulawula ukuthi isihlonzi kufakwe ikheli irowu kwekhasi. Yebo, okokuqala kunzima ukuqonda. Zama ukuveza isibonelo.
Ake sithi thina ekhasini 3 amabhlogo div ene-id ezithile: id1, id2, ID3. Siphinde sibe izixhumanisi ezintathu amagugu okuhambisanayo href: # id1, # id2, # ID3. Uma uchofoze isixhumanisi kuqala ikheli nomugqa khasi ngemva isixhumanisi id okuhambisanayo kuyoba ikhasi ngokwayo.
I-CSS zonke amabhlogo div ecacisiwe impahla isibonisi: none, ukuthi, kungukuthi olukhonjiswa njengedifolthi. Sisebenzisa target: div bese uyinika isibonisi impahla: block. Manje, uma chofoza izixhumanisi nge ezithile href, amabhlogo id okuhambisanayo lizokwabelwa isibonisi: block, futhi ngenxa yalokho, baba izoqala ukuvela ekhasini! Uma uchofoza isixhumanisi href = http: // site / sihloko / 319683 /% E2% 80% 9D # id1% E2% 80% 9D kuzovimba nge id1, nokunye ..
Namanje abaqondi lutho? Zama uzizamele. Dala ikhasi enk nezitayela kuchaziwe ngenhla. Nokho, kusasele imizuzu embalwa kamuva unayo omkhulu sibalo yonke into.
Pseudo ukuthi singasetshenziswa yimuphi isici
Iningi ngenhla echazwe mbumbulu izixhumanisi adingekayo umsebenzi. Nokho, akubona bonke izakhi kudingeka . embodiments eziningana singasebenza iyiphi ingxenye ikhasi ngokuphelele.
- : Asebenzayo isetshenziswa izakhi isitayela lapho umsebenzisi achofoze inkinobho yesinxele;
- : Lokuhambisa phezulu - CSS izakhi lapho umsebenzisi ehamba phezu;
- : Focus - labo izingxenye zekhasi, manje in focus. Lokhu mbumbulu ekilasini livame ukusetshenziswa ukusebenza amafomu. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ufuna ukhethe ngokushesha Igama lomsebenzisi, lapho isivakashi usetha isikhombisi phezu kwalo bese eqala izinhlamvu ukudayela.
Khumbula ukuthi: asebenzayo isebenza kuphela ngesikhathi ukuphokophela. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuqedwa inkinobho yesinxele isethwe ngosizo izitayela uzonyamalala futhi into ziyobonakala njengoba liboniswa ngokwakhona. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu mbumbulu lesivelako eklasini sisetjentiswe ukusebenza izinkinobho. Ungasetha ukuba inani elikhulu kuzifunda. Ngokwesibonelo, inkinobho okuzenzakalelayo okwesibhakabhaka, hambisa phezulu - oluhlaza, ngokucindezela - obomvu, njll ...
Yiqiniso, kuphela mbumbulu amakilasi zisekelwa ngokugcwele iziphequluli yesimanje. Ngokwesibonelo, e IE6 futhi 7 ngeke bakwazi ukusebenzisa focus, kanye lokuhambisa phezulu futhi esebenzayo kuphela inkomba umsebenzi IE6. Sethemba, ngeke kudingeke usebenze nalezi iziphequluli, kodwa uma usadinga Kwaphakama, sebenzisa imibono okunemibandela.
mbumbulu ezengeziwe
Izinketho ebhalwe ngenhla ngokusekelwe eBhayibhelini uhlu akagcini lapho. (: Amandla) noma nje ukuphuma (: okhubazekile) izakhi kuhlanganisiwe kuphela kungenziwa sibonga CSS yesimanje walulama, sekuqalile ibhokisi lokuhlola imakwe nomsakazo kuphela (: ihlolwe). Chaza kafushane ezimbalwa ongakhetha ngaphezulu ongazisebenzisa ukuze ukwazi okuseqophelweni eliphezulu ngaphezulu ukubukeka okuqukethwe.
- : Ezelwe ingane - Ukufikelwa ukushisa kungenzeka asebentise sitayela kungxenye okungukufa isifukanyelwa kuphela;
- : Lang - ukusebenza izici eziye zinikezwe ulimi usebenzisa lang ngemfanelo;
- : Impande - esetshenziswa ukhethe element impande. Ngakho, ithegi onjalo HTML ;
- : Hhayi - iyithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu. It ikuvumela ukuba ziyakuvimbela yini ukusetshenziswa izitayela ezithile kubakhethi. Nasi isibonelo: .blue-umbala: hhayi (span ). A isikhethi ukusebenzisa isitayela kuzo zonke izingxenye nesigaba blue-umbala, noma zingekho .
Uhlu olugcwele mbumbulu amakilasi ayikwazi welulela ekhasini elilodwa. Abaklami amaningi ayaye ukusebenzisa in practice, kuphela ezinye zazo, wakhetha ukuphatha isimo nge-JavaScript. Yebo, akuve elula, kodwa kukhona ezinye izikhathi lapho imiphumela ngempumelelo ngaphezulu kuyofezwa kulula, usebenzisa mbumbulu ezifanele.
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