Dada - Iyini? Abamele Dada imidwebo

Ezweni lanamuhla, abantu bakhokhe obaluleke ngokukhethekile isiko labo nendlela ekukhuleni. Akuseyona ngokwanele ukuba abe uchwepheshe endaweni eyodwa ukuze silondoloze engxoxweni emnandi e inkampani ezihlakaniphile.

Ukuze kunakekelwe impilo futhi singalahlekelwa ubuso okwamanje ezibucayi, kumelwe sihlale ziphenduke futhi ukufunda okuthile okusha.

Noma ubani ubheka yena indoda ethile efundile abanombono ocebile, kufanele baqonde ubuncane azah art nokudweba, ngoba ingenye izihloko ezivame kakhulu ezingxoxweni abantu ezingajwayelekile emphakathini ezihlakaniphile.

Kukhona izitayela eziningi ezikhathini ezahlukene kusungulwe Abadwebi nabalobi, kusukela classical ukuba ewubuciko komhlaba prim futhi sokungalalelwa kwemithetho.

Namuhla sikhuluma omunye kakhulu kukhulunywa ngawe izitayela kwekhulu lamashumi amabili - mayelana Dada.

Dadaism: Definition

Njengoba wazi, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, abantu ehlaselwa nesihluku futhi unya. Izwe lonke uye abe yisisulu ekulweni wabangela ngenxa yobugovu, izenzo okungenangqondo ngisho maniacal ka nabezombangazwe. Ukunganeliseki uquqaba lakhula. Konke lokhu ukungezwani zanqwabelana nokungaqondi okwenzekayo yanqamula ngokusebenzisa isiqondiso lokusungula ngaleso sikhathi.

Dada ngokwayo - kuba avant-garde art isiqondiso, Uphika konke imithetho kanye okukhethekile umbala inhlanganisela imigqa ecacile futhi ngamajamo weJiyomethri. Ngo-1916, abaculi, ngishaqekile izinto ezinyantisa umzimba empini, abantu bathola lokhu sekwandile izincwadi, umculo, imidwebo, yaseshashalazini kanye cinema. Lolu hlobo Kitsch, bazama ukuveza ngokwedelela kwabo uhulumeni, isimo sokugxeka yayo, ukungabi lobuntu, ubuhlakani, kanye unya elaba, ngokombono wabo, imbangela yokungezwani phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili.

Umlandeli we ezindaweni ezifana dada - surrealism, naye ophika yobuhle.

Ukukhungatheka, umuzwa meaninglessness khona, intukuthelo futhi ukungabi nalukholo nekusasa elijabulisayo - ukuthi izimbangela lo mkhuba, negating yonke imithetho ubuhle.

Dada - isitayela obala waphikisana isinyathelo sezempi futhi onxiwankulu, uzama nezinxushunxushu kanye nobukhomanisi.

Lapho igama

Ukuze isihloko ukugeleza ezinjalo, ikhomba meaninglessness inani incomprehensibility okwenzekayo e amandla leyo minyaka, kwakudingekile ukuze uthole izwi elifanele.

Tristan Ttsana, uzama ukuthola igama efanelekayo isitayela ayesanda kuklanywa, Wayiphenya isichazamazwi ne izilimi zezizwe Negro bese uzithela igama elithi "dada".

Ngakho Dada - lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu ulimi Afrika isizwe Crewe - nomsila we inkomo. Kamuva kwacaca ukuthi ukuthi kwezinye izifunda Italy abakubiza ngokuthi umhlengikazi nonina, kanye "Dada" kuyafana ingane Babble.

Umdwebi nomuzwa wokuthi igama elingcono lesi siqondiso avant-garde, futhi akudingekile.

Abasunguli be-ukugeleza

Dada wazalwa ngesikhathi esifanayo e Zurich naseNew York, izwe ngalinye ngokuzimela. Ukuze abasunguli izitayela anti-tebuciko zihlanganisa: imbongi nombhali wamafilimu we-German Hugo Ball, Richard Hyulzenbeka, uSamuweli Rosenstock - imbongi French futhi Romanian (umJuda ngobuzwe), owaziwa kakhulu umphakathi ngaphansi kwegama Tristan Tzara, German kanye French imbongi, umqophi wemifanekiso umdwebi Arp Jean , umdwebi-German-French uMax Ernst futhi Marcel Janco - umdwebi Israeli kanye Romanian. Zonke lezi abantu abadumile - abameleli eliqhakazile Dadaism in umdwebo, izincwadi, umculo kanye nezinye emkhakheni wezobuciko.

Indawo, okuyinto amkhethile uqobo, leli qembu labantu zokudala, kwaba "Cabaret uVoltaire". Lwencwadi ezikhishwa Dadaists kwaleso sikhathi, iqanjwe kulesi sikhungo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umuntu ngenhla kubhekwe abasunguli okuxoxwe inkambo yethu, emashumini eminyaka ambalwa ngaphambili kwalophiko eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke "esikoleni fuizma", wadala ngomculi Artur Sapekom nomlobi Alphonse Ale ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, ke seyithuthuke imisebenzi yobuciko kanye zomculo ukuthi baphathe zonke isikhundla eyisisekelo yaleli isiqondiso.

Iningi zokusebenza bohemian e Dada isitayela, bazinza eFrance eJalimane, lapho kancane kancane phakathi ihlanganiswe ne avant-garde futhi surrealism.

Dada eRussia ayedumile sibonga abadumile eMoscow Rostov Nichevke iqembu tetemibhalo, kodwa ekupheleni ukhona.

Ngawo-1923, it sishintshe umzila abaningi bazizwa ngaleyo ndlela izitayela ezintsha futhi efanele kazwelonke. Dadaists retrained e expressionists futhi surrealists.

Dada imidwebo

Ifomu ethandwa kakhulu yobuciko kule isitayela ubhekwa ikholaji: abadwebi abaningi, esekelwe noma iyiphi impahla ofanele, namathisela kwezicucu zayo ezihlukahlukene iphepha ezinemibala, indwangu, kanye nezinye izinto esidonsa amehlo.

Dada Umdwebo Futuristic kanye constructivist emvelweni, lapho kubonelelwa kakhulu ama-eyayenziwe wadala izinto ngomshini, kunokuba umuntu futhi umphefumulo wakhe.

Fans of lo mkhuba nge amakghonwabo wayezama ukubhidliza ulimi yendabuko isiko ngomqondo ebanzi izwi.

Zonke abameleli Dada art emsebenzini wakhe ongaphika ngokuphelele zonke okunengqondo ukubhubhisa savela phakathi namakhulu eminyaka canons ngokomoya futhi nomphakathi, esikhundleni baphokophelele parading uyize leze, engenangqondo oyisiphukuphuku arealistichnostyu imidwebo yakhe futhi collage. Nokho, banalo nempumelelo enkulu, njengoba kuyavumelana ngokuphelele nalo isimo emphakathini.

Akukho esihlobene eduze isiqondiso izincwadi kuka Dada imidwebo. Abaculi wesikhathi zazivame inhlanganisela, Ngakho-ke, ukuthi indlela kunazo yesiteleka bukaJehova kubonakala emisebenzini yabo kulezi zindawo ezimbili (R. Hausmann, G. Arp, K. Shviters, F. Picabia).

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, nethonya ekhethekile ku ngekusasa lophiko Dadaists kwadingeka "fumizma" esikoleni.

Abamele Dada wafunda okuningi umsebenzi umculi imisebenzi Marcel Duchamp BakaJehova ababenomusa ngayo avant-garde orientation ekuqaleni kwenkonzo yakhe.

Umdwebi emsebenzini wakhe wanikeza enkulu nsuku zonke, izifundo zingezona ezibonakalayo ngokuthi ngandlela-thile - kakhulu Dadaism. Izibonelo umsebenzi wakhe - a "crusher ngoba ushokoledi №2» futhi «I isondo libhayisikili."

lokusungula yakhe, umculi, kanye zonke Dadaists, ihlekisa umgomo ophakeme umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu 'ubhedu kwezobuciko, ilokho icele njalo inkululeko yobuciko nobuhlanya.

Dada e imisindo umculo kanye izinkondlo

Ngaphezu imidwebo, le Dadaists wathumba kwezinye izindawo lokusungula. Bakwazi sihlanganise kwelinye embukisweni imidwebo, umculo okhalela phezulu, ukufunda izincwadi kanye bedansa.

Kurt Shviters - Dadaist, owaba umsunguli we umsindo izinkondlo, alibiza ngokuthi 'inkondlo lebhaleke kahle. " Kuleli fomu zokubukwa kwendaba etemibhalo kwahlanganiswa ne umculo, isibonelo, ukhombise umsindo wezimpi enkondlweni. Lezi zinkondlo zikhuluma ngezikhathi eziningi baqhube umuzwa kusukela anti-impi futhi atiburzhuaznoy olwalusikisela. Izimbongi chwaneka them amandla nokuziphatha kusungulwa.

Futhi ingxenye izinkondlo umnikelo umphakathi ukuthi atshele hhayi amagama nemisho, futhi kwakuba iqoqo imisindo, izincwadi, ukuklabalasa umculo okhalela phezulu.

Dada - liphinde umculo silethwe Ubuntu adumile ezifana: UFrancis Pikebiya, Zhorzh Ribemon-Desey, u-Erwin Shulhoff, Hans Heusser, Albert Sevigny, Erik Satie. izingoma zazo zazingamashumi uhlamvu ezinomsindo futhi wabonisa okushiwo umphakathi isilwane, akucaci kowakhileyo elula njalo.

Dancing kulesi siqondiso, futhi, akazange ihluke iqoqo bushelelezi futhi ahlobene ukunyakaza, izingubo abadansi abangu ithungwe e isitayela amazombe-cubism, ukuthi akazange usubengeze sobuhle bayo.

Dadaists, ukhathele inzondo kazwelonke owanikhipha empini, ukuphupha kwabantu okudala izwe bahlangane linye. imigqa Izintandokazi e "Cabaret uVoltaire", okwakungathi Bohemia esiseduzane imvelo, kukhona nalawa: Afrika umculo, jazz nokudlala balalaika.

Art eJalimane

EJalimane Dada -, ngaphezu kwakho konke, umbhikisho zezombusazwe, abonakaliswa ngokusetshenziswa enjalo into ngisho art ngomshoshaphansi.

amaqembu yobuciko yezwe kungukuthi ngakho ngamandla sinqatshiwe okushiwo lokusungula, njengoba kwenza abameleli lesi sitayela kwamanye amazwe. Lapha Dada kwadingeka kunalokho uhlamvu zezombusazwe-social futhi yabonisa ebuhlungu abantu okubangelwa impi nemiphumela yayo ngesimo phansi futhi ayikwazanga avuke kwamadolo akhe ezweni.

Futhi German Dadaists H. Hench futhi G. Gross, ngemisebenzi yakhe, uzwela-Russia, elise ngaleso sikhathi esimweni zokuvukela umbuso.

Dada kwekhulu lama-20 namanje baletha iminikelo abalulekile kwezobuciko, lapho Gross, Hartfield, Heche futhi Hausmann wazakhela photomontage, futhi wadedelwa eziningi namajenali zezombusazwe.

Ehlobo lango-1920 lapho kuhlonishwa nezazi impi efakwe ohlwini olungenhla ukuhlela Dada Fair, okuyinto edonsela Bohemians ezivela emhlabeni wonke.

Kwakuthinta eJalimane, liye ikholaji sithuthukiswe, njengasezulwini Symbiosis nge Cubism ku kukho kwakukhona tincenye photomontage.

Ngaphezu kwalokho ukusebenza bebheke imidwebo, Husman zinegalelo elikhulu emsebenzini tetemibhalo, wethulwa emphakathini ezimbalwa izinkondlo "abstract", ehlanganisa umane sesethi imisindo, okusikhumbuza shweza Shamanic.

Abazali cinema Dadaist bakholwe Richter futhi Egelenga.

eFrance

Dada art ukubonakalisa ikakhulukazi ezinkulu France kusukela yaqala ke okwaqala ngaphambi igama lalo ukunyakaza.

Preddadaistskimi usebenza lezinombolo odumile ezifana Duchamp, Picabia futhi "imbongi boxer" - Caravan.

Umagazini Kugcine olukhishwe "ngokushesha", lapho osaziwayo nokuthuka nokwenza survey, kuhlanganise izindaba yasungulwa.

Kwaba kukhona ukuthi wahlala umsunguli Dada Tristan Ttsana.

Paris kubhekwa ukuba fount we-avant-garde yesikhathi. Erik Satie, Picasso kanye Koto wadala ballet ihlazo, musa angena nomqondo amagugu classical. Kuleli zwe, njalo kwenziwe Dada imiboniso manifestos, nemibukiso ukukhishwa eziningi nomagazini.

Duchamp ukhiqiza ezidumile reworked zabuna. Dada kubhekwe wobuciko ukuthi ayiqiniso Mona Lisa nge pririsoval amadevu othola igama "Yena esivuthayo babulawa kakade."

U-Ernest, ukudala imidwebo yakhe, isebenzisa izingcezwana mikhondo ubudala. Yena kunike isithombe esicace bha bonke, kodwa phezu-ayegcwele black amahlaya.

Inkantolo Ttsana isinqumo umsebenzi womphakathi okukhulu "negesi Inhliziyo", okuyinto ngo-1923 kuyinto isiphithiphithi enhlanganweni "Dada," futhi -Andre Breton ubiza uqhekeko ukugeleza lapho kumiswa alandelayo surrealism.

Ngo-1924 Ttsana ngesikhathi sokugcina kuyinhlekelele "amafu iduku."

Dada eNew York

ikhaya Okwesibili ngaphakathi NY ezimbalwa, okuyinto eye abe litheku lenqwaba iziphathimandla engadingeki kwamanye amazwe abaculi.

Marsel Dyushan, uFrancis Picabia, Beatris Vud futhi Mann Ray babe inhliziyo-United States of America Dada, ngokushesha bajoyine Arthur Crewe ngibalekela izinsizwa France. Abayibonisa umsebenzi wabo ngesikhathi igalari Alfreda Shtiglitsa futhi endlini owakwakhe Arensberg.

New York Dada manifestos akuhleliwe, baye bazwakalisa imibono yabo ngokusebenzisa izincwadi ezinjengethi "abayizimpumputhe, '" I-New York Dada ", lapho ukugxeka isiko, ihamba emazwini iminyuziyamu.

American Dadaism elalihluke ngokuphelele kulokho European, engazange eyenziwa umbhikisho zezombusazwe, futhi yayisekelwe amahlaya.

Ngo-1917 Duchamp wawubonisa abaculi urinal obala, okuyinto wanamathela oluthi "Umthombo", okuholele ukushaqeka izilaleli. Kwenqatshelwe ngalezo zinsuku, ebaziwe manje kubhekwe isikhumbuzo of yesimanjemanje.

Ngenxa Ukuhamba abadumile Dadaist Duchamp inkampani ngiyaquleka.

ENetherlands,

ENetherlands Dadaists edume kakhulu baba Theo van Desburg ngubani wakhipha umagazini obizwa ngokuthi "De Stizhl". Amakhasi salolu shicilelo, wagcwalisa imisebenzi abalandeli odumile we isitayela avant-garde.

Ndawonye nabangane bakhe Vilmos Shtirvesom Huszarom nomkakhe Nelly van Disberg edala inkampani Dutch Dada.

Ngemva kokufa Disberga kwatholakala ukuthi iphephabhuku kwakhe Nokho eshicilelwe izinkondlo lakhe, ngaphansi mbumbulu ka Ik Bonset.

imiphumela Dada

Ekupheleni kuka-1924 njengoba ehlukile Dada ukunyakaza zobuciko uye abasekho. Yena ihlanganiswe ne surrealism Nokubhekana Namaqiniso yezenhlalakahle eFrance futhi yesimanjemanje eJalimane. Kuvele ngesikhathi yokuphelelwa yithemba kazwelonke ochwepheshe abaningi ngokufanele ngokuthi kwandulela postmodernism.

Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, iningi Dada abaculi wathuthela e-United States.

U-Adolf Hitler, siqaphela kuphela kwezifiso zawo, kubhekwe ubuciko "Dada" bonakele, echitha kweqiniso (ngokombono wakhe) ukubaluleka futhi abangakufanelekeli khona isitayela, ngakho waxotshana labo, bese efakwa abaculi ekamu lokuhlushwa owayesebenza kulesi siqondiso. Njengoba ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi liyakhubeka ekamu abaculi German babevela yamaJuda, ngokuqondene okuyinto abantu baye bathola sokuhlushwa sethusa futhi kubulala.

Lisitshela Umlando Dada futhi manje ebonakaliswa anti-art nezombusazwe amaqembu Bohemians, isibonelo, "i-cacophony emphakathini." Futhi iqembu othandwayo "Chamboemba 'abathambekele uzibiza umlandeli Dada.

Abanye abalobi bakholwe Lenin ilungu Club Dada, njengoba yenhlolokhono Balalaika Orchestra, okuyinto kuthandekile izethameli ku "Cabaret uVoltaire", futhi kwaba isikhathi impela ehlala Awukude isakhiwo, lapho abameleli lenhlangano yabantwana bakwa lokhu kuthambekela.

Ngezikhathi iminyuziyamu abadumile ukuhlela imibukiso imisebenzi isiqondiso Dadaist. Lokhu embukisweni owawuse ngo-2006 eneminyaka Museum of Contemporary Art, etholakala e-Paris, e-Washington, DC, ngo-National Gallery Ubuciko Centre Georges Pompidou Paris. imisebenzi Fashion ku "Dada" isitayela - intela ukuze abaculi owafa ngesikhathi iJalimane lobuNazi.

Ngakho ake kafushane fingqa yini lokhu, futhi ichaze isikhundla zalo eziyisisekelo.

• Dada kuyikhono orientation antipolitical kanye nokuphatha impahla ngobunxiwankulu. Uyaphika zonke enengqondo, tebuciko nezingokomoya, ukukopishela ukuziphatha iziphathimandla zangaleso sikhathi.
• Painting - emkhakheni ezibaluleke kakhulu ekhulwini lama-20, lapho yagcwalisa Dadaism. Abaculi owayesebenza naleli thonya, ngokuvamile besebenzisa ikholaji, elihlanganisa ezihlukahlukene ezilahliwe eliqhakazile izinto, imibiko yamaphephandaba nesithombe montage.
• Umculo unikezelwe ngu baleli mkhuba, okuyinto ubunjalo umsindo.
• Izincwadi nazo akuyona ayesibheka njengesibaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kokusungulwa Dadaists baba izinkondlo lapho amazwi asetshenziswa esikhundleni imisindo, okusikhumbuza ukukhulekelwa konkulunkulu zabantu lasekuqaleni.
• Ama-Movie nemidlalo kulo mkhuba futhi kwakungenangqondo futhi incoherent zinamagama eziyinqaba.
• ukubaza wabo - lawa abavamile babesebenzisa ekusebenziseni izinto nsuku zonke. lesikhumbuzo Dada edume kakhulu - a urinal, lapho umbhali walibiza ngokuthi "Fountain".
• Isitayela nobuciko bokusina sivezwe ngosizo abadansi egqoke izinto zokubhukuda ebukekayo.
• Antics Bohemians wesikhathi kungenziwa ngokuthi ibonakalisa Dada isiko lokuziphatha.

Kulesi sihloko, sifuna ukuqonda ukuthi yini isitayela "Dada" futhi ngokuqondene ngalo Kuvezwe, ziqala igama layo, wakhuluma abasunguli balo, wathola umehluko Dada emazweni ahlukahlukene futhi Ubuke isikhundla salo okuyisisekelo umculo, izincwadi, imidwebo, cinema , umdanso kanye izakhiwo.

Sithemba sakwazi ukuphendula yonke imibuzo yakho.