Design zezakhiwo zezimboni kanye izakhiwo

Ukusebenza izitshalo zezimboni ngokuvamile ehambisana nobutha imithwalo eyengeziwe isakhiwo. Kule ndaba, ubuchwepheshe njalo ekuthuthukiseni zokulawula nohlaka olubhekele elawula indawo emisebenzini yokwakha design yalolu hlobo. By the way, ngaphezu izakhiwo zezimboni bendabuko, izakhiwo ezinjalo ziyathandeka kwemibhoshongo yokugcina izinto, amathangi, culverts nezinye izakhiwo zobunjiniyela. Nokho, yezakhiwo zezimboni has izici zayo siqu ngokuya ukusebenza tekusebentisa ergonomic. I ochwepheshe futhi sinikeze ithuba nokwandisa isakhiwo kanye nokulindela ekuthuthukiseni songa amandla esihamba izinto.

iziqondiso Jikelele

Ngo inqubo design, njengoba umthetho, kudingeka ukuba sihlanganise kwelinye ibhilidi ezindaweni eziningana ukusebenza, okuyinto uzoba nesibopho isitoreji izinto futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukukhiqizwa kanye nemisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe. Le isixazululo ikuvumela ukuba nokwandisa amathuba lubandlululo kanye wonge isikhala. Futhi emagcekeni itholakala imishini Amatebhe ukuthi ingasetshenziswa imisebenzi ehlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo zezimboni amazinga design zidinga ukuthi izinto kungenzeka yakhelwe isimiso Modular, ubukhulu kokuxhumana. Nalapha futhi, lena indlela entsha ukuklama, okuvumela ukuba usebenzise isikhala kahle.

Nakuba iphuzu elisemqoka nezindinganiso zokuphepha, akunakugwenywa, futhi nezidingo zobuchwepheshe kanye nezomnotho ngokomongo design elilungile. Kulesi sisekelo, yezakhiwo ezimbonini nge amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu kahle ukusebenza based.

izindinganiso zokuphepha Accounting

izindawo Industrial izimfuno eliphezulu hhayi kuphela kwi-technical okuyingxenye. Ukwakha ngezinto sithuthukiswe umthwalo esindayo izakhiwo - imfuneko ekwenziweni kwamaphrojekthi ezinjalo. Nokho, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha abantu abakhonza luhlobo zezimboni kufanele kucatshangelwe izici ezihlukahlukene. Ikakhulukazi, iziqondiso zidinga ukuhambisana microclimatic elilungile nemibandela sanitary ezakhiweni ukusebenza.

Uma kuhlelelwa izakhiwo zezimboni, umsebenzi okuyinto ezihlobene ngokucubungula chemical enobungozi, esebenza kahle kakhulu ukupholisa mechanical kumele inikezwe. Izinkomba okuqukethwe imithi enobungozi kumele njalo ukugadwa ngesikhathi ukusebenza izakhiwo ezinjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho ukupholisa izinhlelo futhi ababeqondisa ukufakwa nomthethonqubo ngokuzenzekelayo noma mathupha of air ingasetshenziswa. Kuyefana nasendleleni nemingcele lokushisa microclimate, okuyinto kuyobuswa amathuluzi efanele.

ukuhlela isakhiwo

Indawo izindawo kufanele sizimisele ndawonye nazo zonke izindawo, kuhlanganise lobuchwepheshe, zasemoyeni, phansi futhi engaphansi. Kuye uya khona into kumele inikezwe amavesi ekhethekile yenkonzo nezokuxhumana. izakhiwo Industrial kakhulu afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye imishini ingqalasizinda, ukuze ukufinyelela kuwo kufanele kube njengabantu abakhululekile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, inethiwekhi ubunjiniyela bengafihla e niches ekhethekile. Kule ndaba, yezakhiwo kwizakhamuzi kanye namabhizinisi, kanye namahholo ukukhiqizwa futhi ebhekiwe ngokulinganayo phezu ukutholakala kanye nokwethenjelwa zindlela.

Ungakhohlwa mayelana nendlela ekusetjentisweni kwemandla ngalokuyimphumelelo. ukusatshalaliswa Rational kwezokuxhumana ngogesi, isibonelo, uyosindisa isamba esikhulu phezu izindleko isakhiwo. Ngenhla ophahleni futhi kuzomele sifake kungenzeka ukufakwa amapulatifomu ukuze bathole izinsizakalo zosizo zokuthutha, crane zezindiza, amadivayisi kukhanyisa monorails.

ubunjiniyela kwesakhiwo

Ngokuyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa izinqumo ukwakhiwa-ukuhlela lufanele lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako okugxile ukunciphisa ingozi yokulimala. Okungukuthi, inqubo ukunyakaza abasebenzi ekwenzeni imisebenzi, ukusetshenziswa imishini zeselula imishini kumele kube njengoba ephephile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu uhlobo ezakhiwe zokuphepha okufanele kwenziwe ephezulu amandla izinto, ethwele amandla awo zivumelana imithwalo isakhiwo. Kumele kubhekwe nezimfuneko ukuzinza izinto maqondana wokugoqa ezithuthukayo.

izakhi Ukunikeza kanye isisekelo sesakhiwo ngokuhamba ukwakhiwa kufanele onikwe amandla anele futhi ukusebenza ngaphansi imithwalo eliphezulu, okwenza ukuba amazinga obuchwepheshe SNIP imibhalo. Design zezakhiwo zezimboni kule ngxenye ihlanganisa hhayi kuphela ukusebenza izibalo umphumela imithwalo kusukela isisindo ayo. Kuye izimo zezulu sendawo nazo athathwe kulesi sibalo imithwalo emoyeni kanye neqhwa.

Ukwakhela ukwesekwa ingqalasizinda

Ngenxa yesimo yokusebenza izakhiwo kakhulu ezimbonini ukusebenza ukuqinisekisa kwengqalasizinda yobunjiniyela kamasipala Bavame ukugxila hhayi inethiwekhi umzila, futhi nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe izimo wokuthatha amagadango ezinjalo. Ukuze lula izenzo ukufakwa ukuklama izakhiwo zezimboni wayeqondeni zihlanganisa ukuvuleka ekhethekile zobuchwepheshe ukwethulwa Ukushisa izifunda, kwamanzi kanye izintambo zikagesi. Ngu uhlobo ilungiselelo kwezakhiwo futhi inikeza ukufinyelela phansi futhi okwesikhashana ophahleni niches. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lesi sisombululo kusiza izinyathelo zokufaka, bese ngakolunye - enkonzweni kunikeza ukufinyelela kwamahhala kutinsita tekuchumana.

Design izici multi-storey izakhiwo

Projects of multi-storey izinto ukuphakama okungenani 15 m ngaphezu komhlabathi inikeza umgibeli zommbila. Oku-wacabanga isikhala ukuhlanganiswa iziteshi abafanele, kanye nokwesekwa ingqalasizinda phandle. Kwezinye izimo, yezakhiwo zezimboni kanye izakhiwo ngeke akwenze ngaphandle kokubala zommbila yezimpahla. Inombolo kanye nomthamo ephakamisa imishini incike yizimpahla nomgibeli traffic. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye ikheshi kwanele sesondlo bededelana ngezinkulungwane abasebenzi 30, inqobo nje uma isakhiwo has a ukuphakama mayelana 15 m.

Design izici ishede izindawo

Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwayo umklamo wesitoreji izindawo ngokujwayelekile ohambisana nesifanekiso isitoreji ethize kwezimpahla ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinto ezibhaliwe. Ngokwesibonelo, igumbi lapho ohlela aqukethe imikhiqizo ukudla, kumele kuqashelwe kungekho imiphetho ebukhali. Kulesi yokukhiqiza izithiyo ukwaziswa okunjalo kufanele kube ngokwanele akufanele esidla izihluzu igundane. Ukunikelwa ukupholisa uhlelo nge adjustable isiteshi nezimbobo - yisimo ezidingekayo uma izimpahla izogcinwa nezimfuneko ehlukile microclimate kanye nokufinyelela emoyeni. Njengoba umthetho, ubunjiniyela zezakhiwo zezimboni zokukhiqiza isitoreji ukudla kwenziwe nge okubhekwe nezimfuneko ezithile wempahla kanye kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, Uthwale phansi ayikwazi kumiswa UKUHLOBISA nge-mastic Ukwakheka hlalani nezinye izingxenye imvelo elimazayo.

Design yokusingatha imiklamo

Amaqoqo zokukhiqiza kanye nendawo yokugcina - isixazululo ezivamile embonini. Nokho, i-ukusebeza kahle ezifana izindawo ukuhlanganiswa handling ezifanele imishini liyadingeka. Le misebenzi yenziwa ephakamisa ezisekelweni kanye ramps, okuyinto zenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ukuphepha jikelele izisebenzi kanye nokuvikelwa kwempahla ekulimaleni. Ubukhulu amayunithi zinqunywa ngesisekelo idatha inzuzo izimpahla inkampani ethile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, yezakhiwo zezimboni kanye namabhizinisi ingxenye yokulayisha athula izakhiwo kufanele inake izidingo ukuphepha umlilo. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kusebenza ngamakheshi okuyizinto eduze kwamabhilidi kanye nenqubo imishini. imiklamo okunjalo kufanele ekuqaleni nge ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphinde zisebenziseke non-ezivuthayo ukushisa ukumelana futhi.

isiphetho

Ikhwalithi umsebenzi design kuncike ngokuyinhloko abaculi yobuqotho. I zokulawula nohlaka olubhekele inikeza ulwazi olwanele ukuze bakwazi ukwenza oyiculayo ngazo zonke izindlela i solution design ngempumelelo. Ngakho-ke, ikhasimende kufanele aqondiswe inhlangano, abanesipiliyoni emisebenzini enjalo. ERussia, banjalo izinkampani zokwakha "amaqembu AZNH" Neocomian futhi CRI. Ukwakhela Izakhiwo zokuhlala nendawo yezimboni, kulezi zinhlangano eyenziwa nokusetshenziswa yezindlela zesimanje ukuhlela zasemadolobheni. Ikakhulukazi, onjiniyela, abakhi namanje at the stage of ukulungiswa base izixazululo siholwa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphinde zisebenziseke ezintsha. Futhi kule nqubo zisetshenziswa ukusika-onqenqemeni kwendawo zezokwazisa ezenza izinga ukwenza analysis eyinkimbinkimbi amasimu okwengeziwe ukuchaza izimo zokusebenza.