Diesel - kungcono ... zilwane, izinhlobo, izinhlobo, udizili amakilasi

Diesel - kuba impela ubudala, kodwa namanje yafuna yokubasela piston diesel. Futhi uma ngaphambi nobukhulu bayo lwalulinganiselwe ngenxa ukhwaliti ongaphakeme kanye nemikhiqizo anobuthi amandla omlilo, kodwa manje izimoto abaningi anemisila diesel, futhi ososayensi abasebenza kanzima ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokwenza diesel imvelo.

Kuyini udizili

Diesel - a amafraktjhini uwoyela esindayo, okuncike hydrocarbon nge high - 200-350 ° C - Boiling lokushisa. Kwakuvamise njengoba uphethiloli diesel kanye negesi udizili.

Kungani udizili? Ngoba, ngokungafani uphethiloli izinjini, lapho ingxube zikaphethiloli emoyeni ibangelwa inhlansi, esebenzisa udizili reciprocating injini fuel wokhela angesabi ngaphansi kokucindezelwa eqinile.

Ngaphandle, u-diesel - kuyinto esobala, nge viscosity kunakunoma uphethiloli, uketshezi, umbala okungaba shades, ophuzi, onsundu futhi ezihlukahlukene. Umbala yethonya resin kaphethiloli.

Phakathi omlilo of yimuphi fuel likhipha amandla alingana. Diesel, ngaphezu lo msebenzi oyinhloko, wenza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile injini. It Athambisa ku injectors fuel futhi iphampa ngomshikisho ebusweni, epholisa amandla omlilo ekamelweni izindonga and qeda ulungisa nemingcele ku izinjini.

Ukusetshenziswa diesel

Sea futhi umfula izitsha, amakhanda, ezempi kanye izimoto yezolimo, amaloli - cishe izimoto zonke esindayo egijima ku-diesel.

Popular emashumini eminyaka amuva emazweni asethuthukile yeYurophu kuba imoto eyehlayo on diesel. Fuel ukusetshenziswa incane 40% injini diesel, yisandla, amandla, kanye nokuvikeleka patency qeda amagesi ngaphambi uphethiloli.

Udizili fuel- kuba ukonga ngaphezulu ukusebenza, futhi izindleko nophethiloli. It is lisetshenziswe diesel generator amasethi umile futhi mobile iziteshi amandla, boilers ezizimele bafudumale izinhlelo.

uwoyela Udizili, okuyinto edume okukhulunywe nje u-diesel, kuyinto asalile diesel ne viscosity okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ukuvala abacaphuni kuze kufinyelele 400 ° C. Lolu hlobo uphethiloli isetshenziselwa ongaphakeme isivinini izinjini kanye aqueous izitimela tractor. Ngaphezu kwalokho, solarium is elifakwe lesikhumba embonini lesikhumba. ingxenye uwoyela Udizili smazachno we kokupholisayo e cutting metal aqede uketshezi lapho ukushisa ngayo.

Izici Key

Inombolo cetane (ipharamitha eyinhloko udizili) ephawula flammability uphethiloli. Ithola isikhathi ukubambezeleka ingxube amandla omlilo, okusho ukuthi, isikhathi kudlula phakathi umjovo uphethiloli ku uMbhalo nokuqala amandla omlilo. I kancane le nkathi, ayanda inombolo cetane, futhi isikhathi ingaphansi efudumele injini. Nokho, lokhu kwandisa umusi qeda, okuyinto kuba ezibucayi lapho cetane inombolo ephakeme kunaleyo 55.

Ukuze izinqubo Umjovo futhi umjovo fuel kubalulekile viscosity yayo, ezincike futhi indawo yezihlanganisi izici

Of diesel kwabantu kuncike ukusebenza kanye layo nekghono, ngoba ayanda kwabantu, amandla ngaphezulu eyenziwe amandla omlilo.

Kuvele isici esibalulekile iyona ubukhulu sulphur okuyinto yakhiwa udizili. Lokhu nesibabule ezibangela, okuyinto ukunciphisa ukumelana ukugqwala of uhlelo nophethiloli.

On izinga diesel, wathi nokukhawulela filterability lokushisa, ie lokushisa lapho diesel sikhula kangangokuthi kuvele kufane nokudlala aluphumeleli nhlobo noma kancane kakhulu sidlula lemifanekiso osayizi abathile.

Kuyinto ngezansi iphuzu ifu, ie lokushisa lapho upharafini eziqukethwe fuel uqala crystallize.

udizili zokubasa

Ngaphambi 2015, u-diesel ezindinganisweni Russian ehlukaniswa hlobo. In the state ejwayelekile, ophasiswe Januwari 2015 division ngonyaka kuvumelana division ku amakilasi kwemvelo ngokuhambisana standard European futhi kwenzeka kuye okuqukethwe nesibabule nophethiloli. Okuqukethwe sulphur ezingekho ngaphezu 350, 50 no-10 mg / kg oluhambisana ifomu I, II, futhi kwakusho ukuthini III k3 amakilasi akusebenzi futhi kwemvelo, K4 futhi K5 ngokuvumelana isimo esisha ejwayelekile, ngokulandelana.

It is hhayi Kunconywa ukusebenzisa uphethiloli, lapho amazinga aphezulu sulphur, njengoba lokhu kwandisa kwekhabhoni emkhathini, kuyashesha ukugqwala futhi ukugqoka izakhi kohlelo fuel, ngokwenza kanjalo wandise izindleko ukushintshwa njalo okusefa uwoyela. Ngokuvamile, ngcono izakhiwo wedwa kuholela Ukuwohloka nezinye. Ukwehlisa okuqukethwe sulphur - lokhu lubricity Ukwehla diesel. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ulondoloze omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko kaphethiloli kunezelwa izithasiselo ehlukahlukene.

grade udizili

Udizili Amabanga ziyehluka lokushisa, ngezansi lapho uphethiloli ingasetshenziswa. Njengoba ukufanelekela ukuthola izinga lokushisa filterability umkhawulo isetshenziswa. Futhi Okunhlobonhlobo aphulwa-isizini ihlobo diesel nale inkomba akuyona ngezansi -20 ° C.

Ibanga A libhekene lokushisa hhayi ngaphansana 5 ° C ngaphezu zero. Ngayinye emabangeni B ezilandelayo, C, D, E kanye F Inkomba kwehle ngo 5 ° C.

Isibonelo salokhu EURO udizili, grade C, uhlobo II no III noma inguqulo entsha amakilasi kwemvelo K4 futhi K5 a filterability lokushisa amadigri emihlanu ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa futhi okuqukethwe sulphur ezingekho ngaphezulu kuka-50 no-10 angu amakhilogramu uphethiloli ngayinye.

amakilasi udizili

Lesi sigaba ku amakilasi diesel ubusika noma kunomoya kwenzeka hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi filterability lokushisa, isici sesibili yilesi ifu iphuzu. Ebusika futhi Arctic diesel ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi crystallization wax iqala, okuyinto elilulaza ukusebenza.

Uma nekukumakwa diesel emva ukuqokwa DT akufanele incwadi kanye nenombolo, khona-ke fuel ebusika noma e-Arctic.

brand udizili

Ngokusho izakhiwo physicochemical, ukusebenza izici, nemibandela yokusetshenziswa diesel ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezine ukuthi ibhalwe ngosonhlamvukazi:

- Summer (A), okubandakanya fuel grade A, B, C, D ne lokushisa filterability umkhawulo ka +5 ukuba -10 ° C. Lokhu udizili ingasetshenziswa kwe0 ° C.

- zonyaka (E) Amabanga E futhi F, nge lokushisa -15 futhi -20 ° C ngokulandelana asetshenziswe ekwindla, lapho amabanga lokushisa kusuka +5 -5 ° C.

- Winter (W), okuyinto yizigaba kusukela 0 kuya ku-3 bese filterability lokushisa ezisukela -20 kuya -38 ° C futhi sisetshenziswa i lokushisa emoyeni hhayi ngezansi -20 ° C.

- Arctic (A) ebangeni fuel 4 izinga lokushisa filterability umkhawulo ngu 44 ° C no-lokushisa kuma ukuze lokususa 50 ° C (inani negative imibhalo zivame ukuhambisana igama elithi "lokususa" hhayi ukugwema ezinganembile isithonjana).

fuel wokugubha

Igama lengubo zihlanganisa diesel (DF), ibanga noma isigaba kuye ngokuthi isicelo futhi ikilasi kwemvelo. Okungukuthi, e uphawu kubonisa amapharamitha amabili kuphela: okuqukethwe sulphur kanye nokukhawulela filterability lokushisa.

Namuhla ungathola izimpawu ezintsha, kanye amadala, isibonelo, u-diesel ejwayelekile Euro 5 ebangeni F, esimelela ebusika diesel ne sulphur esingeqile 50 mg / kg futhi izinga lokushisa umkhawulo filterability phansi lokususa 20 ° C, okuyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu ngokuya Russian ebusika nge izimfuno phezulu zokubasa imvelo.

Kuze kube manje, ezifana kophawu izinhlanzi kanye L-0,2-62, isb fuel kulondolozwa premium grade ekhombisa isamba sulphur (200 mg / kg), kanye flash iphuzu 62 ° C. Iphuzu flash akuyona inkomba main, kodwa ulingana nezinye izici ukuze engcono ukuphepha komlilo kubhekwa fuel nge lokushisa eliphakeme.

Indlela ukugcina udizili

Ukuze umthengi Ngokwesilinganiso, kokuba imoto ayimfihlo injini diesel, udaba wesitoreji diesel akudingekile.

Kodwa izimboni lapho uphethiloli kuthengwa ngobuningi futhi agcinwe isikhathi eside, inkinga wesitoreji kubalulekile kakhulu.

Isitoreji may udizili at 20 ° C unyaka owodwa futhi izohlala ezingeni lokushisa ngenhla 30 ⁰ C izinyanga eziyisithupha unyaka owodwa iziqukathi engangeni moya evikelwe elangeni.

Lapho ukugcina fuel akumelwe mbeni zethusi, ithusi noma ukhethe, ukuze fuel akusho clog up imikhiqizo zamakhemikhali nalezi izinsimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumelwe bavikelwe umswakama nothuli, futhi kufanele akukho izithasiselo okungenzeka iba yingxenye yomhlabathi e-USB. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-diesel zokubasa nge class eliphezulu okufakiwe kwemvelo sengezwe ukwandisa ukusebenza lubricating, okuyinto ukubola ngokushesha kakhulu.

lokhu kahle fuel kuphezulu, nobukhulu bayo Kancani kancani okwandisa. Kukhona izinhlobo entsha diesel kanye imithombo emisha irisidi yayo. Kakade kukhona ezintsha, futhi u-diesel ikhiqizwa hhayi kuphela uwoyela. Mhlawumbe esikhathini esizayo kungokwalabo diesel kusuka yemifino amafutha.