Yini opera Gershwin sika "Porgy futhi Bess"? Isifingqo kanye umqondo jikelele

imisebenzi eminingi yamandla usayine umqambi emangalisayo Dzhordzh Gershvin elifushane ukuphila kwakhe. Phakathi kwabo kukhona iculo pop futhi rhapsodies, futhi satshanyana, futhi ukusebenza, futhi Suites, futhi udlala ezihlukahlukene izinhlobo. Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi izilaleli uyawuthanda jazz opera "Porgy futhi Bess." Amazwibela yakhe bazi ezimbalwa, ikakhulukazi baziwa lullaby odumile Clara, okuyinto kufakazela elinye igama - "Summer". Melody elithakazelisayo angaphezu kwelilodwa isizukulwane, kodwa kuyini na? Futhi lokho wonke opera?

Yayiyini Gershwin

Indlela inkazimulo kaJakobe, ongowozalo luka-abasuka Russia, kwakungelula. Self-ukufunda ukudlala upiyano waqala eneminyaka engu-nambili, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emine, ngo-1914, insizwa esencane "nemibhoshongo" ukushicilela Remick accompanist. Umndeni wawuhlala eBrooklyn, abacebile, ngaphezulu izingane ezintathu Gershovitsev (okufana Lalingubani igama Gershwin ebusheni bakhe) ongathanda ukuba adle, futhi lokho kwakudingeka asebenze. Uthando umculo kwaba azalwa nako. Vele ufunde ukudlala, uGeorge waqala ukuloba, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya kakhulu. Nokho, ukuphikelela, lithela izithelo, ikakhulukazi lapho kuhlangene ithalenta, futhi ngokushesha e-revue Sigmund Romberg Ezwa imisebenzi yokuqala umbhali abasha. Khona-ke konke kwahamba ngokuhambisana ngokugcwele ngendlela "American Dream" - udumo, impumelelo, imali. Injabulo yokuphila kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1937. Ngo umqambi ekhaliphile wopiyano wathola i inoperable ebuchosheni. Izifo wabulala George Gershwin at Ngonyaka wama-39. Kodwa kwadingeka eziningi, kuhlanganise yokubhala omkhulu opera "Porgy futhi Bess." Isifinyezo nezinye ngendalo yakhe Wawuthatha isikhala kakhulu isihloko olulodwa.

design

Ngo-1926, uGeorge incwadi eyabhalwa D. Hayward, futhi lokhu umsebenzi wokubhala ukwenze unomuzwa oqinile phezu kwakhe. Nakuba umqambi ngenkuthalo olwenziwa, wabhala umculo, kodwa wathatha isikhathi ukuthumela incwadi umbhali, lapho wazwakalisa bababuke ngenhloso ukusebenza umkhiqizo, wazalwa umfanekiso zomculo kule noveli. Kwathatha iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ngaphambi wakwazi usuzothatha leli cebo zokudala. Ngesikhathi lo mbhangqwana - Dyuboz futhi Doroti Heyvord - baye bazithola spirituals efanelekayo ukusebenza zilethwe esekelwe encwadini. Esiqintini umsebenzi etemibhalo ngabantu abamnyama uhlamvu ezimbili, Porgy futhi Bess. Isifinyezo noveli zingancishiswa ukuba ibinzana "melodrama lobugebengu".

Incwadi yesivumelwano yasayinwa

EMelika, yonke into enkulu iqala nge inkontileka. Ngo-1933 kwathiwa ngemvume isivumelwano ezinyunyana phakathi "Theatre Guild", umlobi we umthombo etemibhalo Dyubozom Hayward futhi umqambi George Gershwin phezu okwamanje ebhaliwe opera "Porgy futhi Bess." Isifinyezo idokhumenti, futhi manje usengomunye ingxenye umlando art American, kuyinto ukudluliswa izimo zezimali futhi isithakazelo ezibanjwayo kusukela imiklomelo. Umqondo jikelele nokulotshwa ingxenye, ezazihlanganisa iningi Libretto, inqobo umbhali. Afunga ukuqamba umculo J. Gershwin. Guild owamelana ukukhuthazwa of the opera ku amathiyetha esiteji ehamba phambili. Imibhalo amanye amaqembu zazivela ngepeni yomfowabo kaGeorge, Ira ukuthi kwinkontileka awuzange, nje okwenzekile.

Isithombe sokuqala, izinyathelo 1-3

Famous lullaby Clara - nansi indlela uqale opera "Porgy futhi Bess." Isifinyezo umbhalo ngalezi zithako, egcwele ingxenye jazz zabuna, iyona incazelo yephupho we ubaba ocebile, umama omuhle, inhlanzi ukweqa ephuma emanzini kanye nezinye izenzakalo ezinkulu ezenza ithemba abampofu. Lihambisana ekhangayo belusizi tune lullaby kuholela isilaleli esimweni esifanele ngokomzwelo kusukela ukulele kuqala. Lokhu kulandelwa yesigameko ukungqubuzana esavela phakathi ukugembula amadayisi. Inkampani wabutha fun: lapha gangster waseNew York Zemidlalo Life (isidlaliso), kanye Robbins (umlindisango kusukela ethekwini) nomkakhe, kanye Umqhele (futhi umlindisango) nentombi yakhe UBeth. Nokho kukhona ekhubazekile, abamnyama (njenganoma yimuphi omunye umuntu) Porgy.

Loaders squabbled, Umqhele wabulala Robbins babaleka. Yilokho amaphoyisa kuyofika egijima, enhle-intombi killer udidekile akazi ukuthi yenzeni, futhi akekho ukumsiza. Kuphela ekhubazekile inikeza isiphephelo sakhe endlini yakhe, futhi evuma. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umfelokazi ukukhala Robbins, kanye nomakhelwane ukuba amsize, bangakwazi. Bazigcina ndawonye Porgy futhi Bess. Isifinyezo imisebenzi emibili yokuqala lokhu kungenziwa kubhekwe sikhathele siyingcuba.

Okulandelayo ibhekisela yokuthi isikhathi esithile (inyanga noma ngaphezulu) sele idlulile solo nezenzakalo ezivusa amadlingozi. Porgy ujabule, kwase kuyisikhathi eside walithanda neBheti, kodwa wayesaba alivume, kodwa manje ivulekile. Impilo umuzana wokudoba kuziwa isigqi njalo amadoda ukuya olwandle, elinde omkawo. Kodwa lapha futhi kukhona enkundleni Zemidlalo Life, futhi ngaphansi kwebhaxa isimemo epikinikini kuthatha Bess kumnandi. Porgy ngedwa.

Isithombe lesibili futhi lokugcina

Ukusangana kodwa ukuthi ayemakhulu amathemba ababenawo jazz bezingoma opera "Porgy futhi Bess." Isifinyezo ifilimu yesibili kungenziwa kuchazwe ngendlela enamandla: izithombe ukulandela omunye komunye: banayo eziningi Tempo ukuhwebelana kanye nemibala okungafani, ngokuvamile indawo enkulu ezincane futhi okuphambene nalokho.

Scene Folk umkhosi, kumnandi, ezinemibala egqamile ejwayelekile American abamnyama izingubo. Zemidlalo Life ujabule futhi banelisekile, kodwa ke kuvela nombaleki killer Umqhele. Uthatha intombi yakhe naphezu ukuphikisa kwakhe.

Morning. Polyphonic polyphonic roll wabenza, umsindo we edolobheni uphaphame.

- Fish!

- Strawberry!

Bess namanje waphunyuka ezandleni Umqhele futhi manje, ekhathele, elele closet Porgy. Umdobi, owafika ukusiza, ezothandaza. Ngaphandle kwefasitela, isiphepho iqala, zabulala umyeni wakhe.

Ebusuku Crown is ezama ukugqekeza ekhaya Porgy. Akalindele aziphindiselele, kodwa ekhubazekile ukuvikela ngothando lwakho ngangokunokwenzeka nasesikhathini scuffle eyalandela ngephutha obulala umuntu okonile. Amaphoyisa Porgy ngakususi umsolwa, kodwa usazothatha eziningi njengofakazi.

Lapho ededelwa, ngeke nimfumana othandiweyo wakhe. Sporting Life ukukhohliswa Bess, emtshela ukuthi Porgy "upekli" isikhathi eside, wathathela ubuhle New York.

Porgy uya funa wakhe. He is bejabule futhi uzimisele Nokho, ngaphandle okungokwakhe elula sabakhubazekile, kepha akanalutho.

Yilokho yonke indaba.

aftertaste

Okuqukethwe opera "Porgy futhi Bess" ngisho akhawunti eziphelele kakhulu enemininingwane awakwazi ukuveza umoya, okungase ukudala Gershwin ekhaliphile. Umsebenzi kuphela esime a drama ngesakhiwo lobugebengu, empeleni indaba yothando engapheli. Kumayelana wokuzidela, ukuzimisela ukwenza lutho othandekayo, futhi yileyo injabulo yangempela itholakala lokhu. Ikhutshaziwe Porgy akesabi nobunzima, uyazi ukuthi kuyinto "isendleleni". Kwaba Ngalo mqondo enkulu umculo uGeorge Gershwin. It kungenziwa wamlalela futhi zingayazi ngolimi lwesiNgisi, nakanjani.