ImpiloImithi

Dolihotsefalicheskaya ikhanda umumo: kuyinsakavukela pathology

Lo mcimbi enhle kakhulu kwabesifazane - lena umhlangano wokuqala nomntanakhe, sasenza izinyanga 9 naso sonke lesi sikhathi ukucabanga kuphela kanjani uyobheka. Kodwa ekugcineni kuza ekuzalweni, futhi kukhona umhlangano eside elindelwe. Mhlawumbe njalo umama Ngokutadisha ngokucophelela ukubukeka ingane yakho, futhi uma ubheka ezinye izingane, uzoqaphela ukuthi akuwona wonke nesimo esifanayo Yekhanda. Kule ndaba, kungase kuphakame umbuzo: kungani?

Skull ukuma ezinganeni

Odokotela izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko of skull ukuma ezinganeni:

  1. Dolihotsefalicheskaya ikhanda ukuma. Kulokhu, kubalulekile kobujamo obusaqanda futhi side.
  2. Brachycephalic ikhanda ukuma. Lapho ogebhezi has simise oyindilinga.

Letinhlobo imithi imizwa kubhekwa njengento evamile.

Izimbangela okwahlukile

Ngokuvamile, kukhona izizathu ezimbalwa ezenza izingane zizalwa izindlela ezihlukene zokubiza ikhanda. Okokuqala nje incike indlela ingane yazalwa. Futhi kunezindlela ezimbili ebelethile namuhla:

  • yemvelo;
  • kwesigaba cesarean.

Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho ingane eshayela phakathi kwezinye emgudwini wokuzala, ingaphansi kwengcindezi. Ngalesi ingane omlandelayo skull uvuma isakhiwo yemizimba kamama kwakhiwa dolihotsefalicheskaya ikhanda ukuma. Skull Ungashintsha ezakheke ngenxa fontanel kanye nolwelwesi nokunwebeka exhunyiwe amathambo lakhe ingane. Ngakho-ke dolihotsefalicheskaya ukuma ikhanda landile labo izinsana azalelwa ngendlela engokwemvelo.

Futhi kunenkolelo ukuthi ukuma side Yekhanda umbungu ezakhiwe isethulo occipital. Lokhu kwenzeka uma uthe ikhanda endaweni ingane ngesikhathi ukulethwa ngowokuqala sidlula emgudwini wokuzala.

Ezizalwa ngu Ukubeletha bangaveziwe ingcindezi, ngakho ugebhezi azigcina isiyingi yayo yasekuqaleni, ifomu brachycephalic. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukuma lwekhanda lalowo okhethwe dolihotsefalicheskaya esasisanda kuzalwa lezi zilinganiso ezimbili kubhekwa kwamukeleke kangconywana. Phela, lapho kuzalwa engokwemvelo kumntwana kukhona kwethulwa kwayo yonke indikimba yezikhonzi usana.

Lapho kwesigaba cesarean, ikakhulukazi uma sihlelwe futhi waqala ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba abasebenzi, run zemvelo ngayo lapho usana kwenzeka emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, abantwana abazalwa yile ndlela, uvumelane nezimo ekuphileni ngaphandle kwesibeletho engenzeka ngokuhlukile kancane kunezingane ezizalelwa.

izimo zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo skull ezisanda kubelethwa

Kunezindlela eziningana izimo zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo ugebhezi ezinsaneni:

  1. Plagiocephaly, noma "ikhanda flat". Ngalesi frontal zokugula noma occipital ingxenye isicaba, nenhloko azilingani.
  2. Turricephaly. Ngalesi zokugula e izinsana oyindilinga, side ikhanda ukuma. I sutures amathambo skull kwesikhathi zaraschivayutsya.
  3. Scaphocephaly. Libhekene ngalolo uma kwenzeka Ukuqina sekuyenzeka ekuseni Yekhanda, lapho kungaba kakhulu iqhubu okuqondile noma occipital ingxenye.

Shona selilonke e izinsana

Akukhona nje isisindo nokukhula osanda kuzalwa kubalulekile, kodwa futhi ubukhulu ikhanda, kanye selilonke yayo. Lezi zinkomba Ziningi ukutshela udokotela mayelana isimo somzimba ingane kwavela ukukhanya.

Usayizi futhi ikhanda selilonke alinganiswe nge elithambile wokulinganisa itheyiphu ngokuvumelana izindawo convex iningi - imigqa nape namashiya. Kala obungazungeza ikhanda ku osanda kuzalwa ukuba angabonwa yesibili ngosuku lwesine ukuphila kwakhe, emva ukunyamalala kwangemva kokubeletha edema.

Norm circle 35 cm, kodwa oscillation 32 kuya 38 cm iyona emgomeni. Uma noma iyiphi yalezi izinkomba amabombo selilonke e izingane ezingaphezu usayizi esifubeni ngesikhathi 2,5. Lapho ingane iphendula izinyanga 5, izinkomba okukhulunywa zilingane. Futhi unyaka owodwa esifubeni umntwana kufanele kakade idlule obungazungeza ekhanda okufanayo 2,5.

Lapho ngemva nesilinganiso kucaca ukuthi kukhona ukuphambuka, likhuluma kungenzeka wayethole isifo esithile. Ukuze nenchazelo eqonde kakhulu kuyadingeka ukwazi lapho isiqondiso ukuphambuka - phezulu noma phansi.

iphimbo

Kunezinhlobo eziningana pathologies kungenzeka. Omunye wabo kuyisifo, njengoba iphimbo (noma, kungenjalo, edema). Ngesikhathi isifo esifanayo siyenzeka nesanda cerebrospinal fluid ogebhezini ingane.

Photo izinsana nale nkinga abonisa ngokucacile ukuthi ubukhulu ikhanda ngesikhathi esifanayo anda kakhulu umnyango ubuchopho likhudlwana uma ziqhathaniswa ingxenye ebusweni kanye frontal we kakhulu babe sebebona kukuhle phambili. Ukuthola wathi uketshezi kuholela ekwandeni e ingcindezi intracranial.

Izimpawu ze-iphimbo

Izimpawu iphimbo noma iphimbo yilezi:

  • ukwandisa ekhanda selilonke;
  • skull komntwana emva kokuzalwa liyaqhubeka landa;
  • ingane lags ngemuva ekuthuthukisweni;
  • wayengumuntu engaphathekile, ucobekile, ukukhononda, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, kunalokho, kuba nolaka;
  • ingane bangezwa ubuhlungu bekhanda;
  • wayevame waphawula isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
  • Odokotela bavame ukubona izinguquko fundus;
  • kungenzeka zesifo sokuwa;
  • incontinence urinary.

Uma ingane ukuthi unesifo "iphimbo", kubalulekile ukubonisa udokotela ohlinza izinzwa. Ngokuvamile, isifo iphathwa surgically, futhi udokotela ohlinza izinzwa emva kuhlolwa futhi olunzulu luhlolo inikeza izinkomba noma Izimo for ukusebenza oluzayo.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa ngempumelelo, ukugula, njengoba umthetho, akusho bathuthuke. Ingane bangeza preschools njalo (izingadi) kanye nesikole nontanga yabo. Ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa eyenziwa ngaphandle kuhlinzwa kokungenela usebenzisa ejenti ukuthi wehlise ukukhiqizwa cerebrospinal fluid. Ukuma Yekhanda kancane kancane ukubuyela esimweni esivamile.

microcephaly

Uhlobo lwesibili kuyinto esanda kuzalwa kungenzeka zokugula izifo ezifana microcephaly. Lapho-ke siyenzeka ukwehla nenqwaba ubuchopho ngayo lapho usana, ngokungafani kuya banezingane eziphile kahle, kanye nokwehla kulandela e isikhala esilingana nekhanda selilonke.

Kukhona izinto eziningi ezibanga ukuthuthukiswa lesi sifo. Kungaba yizifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo kuchubekele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukudakwa umbungu esizalweni unina utshwala, ugwayi nezidakamizwa. kuyingozi ngokukhethekile yizihloko kuzichaya ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ekuseni, lapho zonke izitho futhi izinhlelo akhiwa ingane kuphela.

Ongemuhle ngokusebenzisa nemithi ethile elwa namagciwane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ithonya emisebeni enemisebe, fetus ubuthi anobuthi, kwezinso zofuzo, futhi kwasekuzalweni nakho kungase kube imbangela microcephaly ezisanda kubelethwa. Kulokhu, ugebhezi wengane kuyoba ingasaphathwa kuqhathaniswa nezingane abangenayo isifo.

Izimpawu ze-microcephaly

osanda kuzalwa Microcephaly ingaze ngisho ukubonakala, ngaphandle kokuqhuba ukuhlolwa eyengeziwe. Lesi sifo kuhambisana zimpawu ezilandelayo:

  1. Shona obungazungeza osanda kuzalwa izikhathi 2-3 sihluke uthola ohlangothini ezincane. Uma izingane enempilo kuba 32-38 cm, e neonates amakhulu, iziguli ezinemishini microcephaly bangamaphesenti amasentimitha 25-27 kuphela. Isithombe izingane osanda kuzalwa nge microcephaly esebonakala ukuma ugebhezi zishintshile - ebusweni ingane ikhula, futhi inhloko uqobo uhlala encane.
  2. ubuchopho nesisindo banezingane eziphile kahle mayelana 400 g, kanye neziguli ezisanda kubelethwa kanye microcephaly, kuba emhlabeni 250 g
  3. iziphuphutheki njalo izifo wathi yilezo ngeziphambeko njengendlela "udebe emfantwini" squint "ulwanga emfantwini."
  4. Iziguli ozalwa nezingane microcephaly fontanelle ivaliwe noma ukuvala kwenzeka ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila.
  5. Kid kubonakale ngemuva kutfutfuka ngekwemoya, kutfutfuka ulimi. Nokho, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi akakwazi ukuthi ukudlala amagama nemisindo, kodwa cishe akaqondi ulimi olukhulunywa nezinye.

Microcephaly okwamanje, ngeshwa, isifo esingalapheki. Treatment zihlose kakhulu, ukuze kuncishiswe zamehlo.

macrocephaly

Olunye uhlobo kungenzeka zokugula kuyinto macrocephaly. Kwezokwelapha, le kangaka okuthiwa ukwanda ngobukhulu kogebhezi nobuchopho isisindo ngokungabi bikho sokuvuvuka. Kulesi isifo, ubuchopho lungaba 2850 amagremu. Lokhu zokugula kungenzeka asymptomatic, kodwa ukubonakala ubuchopho kunjalo akukho sihluke evamile.

Macrocephaly kuyinto yesifo azalwa naso, kodwa futhi kungenzeka emva kokuzalwa. Ngeshwa, izizathu lapho kwenzeka, okwamanje.

Ngisho noma esanda kuzalwa dolihotsefalicheskaya ukuma kwakho ikhanda futhi azikho ngeziphambeko kanye kwezinso esime ugebhezi, kubalulekile ukuze bawunakekele kahle ingane ukuvimbela okuvela kuyo kwangemva kokubeletha iziyaluyalu. Iqiniso lokuthi amathambo skull muva avele imvuthuluka yokukhanya kuqhathaniswa esithambile, hhayi lukhuni, ngakho usana eside elele isikhundla esisodwa ukusonteka amathambo skull, futhi ekugcineni ikhanda kuba okungajwayelekile. Ukuze dolihotsefalicheskaya ukuma ikhanda umbungu ishintshile, emavikini okuqala angu-12 ekuphileni njengoba abazali kudingeka ushintshe isikhundla olusana kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, isikhathi ngasinye uyifake ngakolunye uhlangothi.

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