Ebaziwe sidilizwa ngesiGreki, izici zayo, izigaba ukuthuthukiswa. ukubaza WaseGrisi wasendulo kanye nababhali babo

Ukuqopha WaseGrisi wasendulo linendawo ekhethekile phakathi obukhulu kuzo ukuhlukahluka nakumasiko okuqondene kuleli zwe. It uyakhazinyuliswa futhi iqaliswe ngosizo ingcaca kusho ubuhle emzimbeni womuntu, enhle yayo. Nokho, bushelelezi hhayi kuphela imigqa nangobuciko - izici eziphawula ebaziwe yamaGreki asendulo. Ngakho esikhulu ikhono Abadali zayo ukuthi yakwazi ukudlula ngisho amakhaza itshe ekhishwa yokuveza imizwelo yakho, ukunikeza ezijulile, okungenxa yezimo ezikhethekile umqondo bobunjwa, efana ukuphefumula nokuphila siwahlole. ebaziwe ngayinye lasendulo ngesiGreki benawo imfihlakalo, edonsa kuze kube manje. Imisebenzi abaculi omkhulu musa abashiye ubani nandaba.

IGrisi yasendulo, njengamanye amasiko, edabula izinkathi ezahlukene sokugcwaliseka kwaso. Ngamunye kwaphawulwa izinguquko zonke izinhlobo ezobuciko, kuhlanganise ebaziwe. Ngakho-ke, ukulandelela izigaba eziyinhloko kwetinhlavu lolu hlobo lobuciko kungase chaza kafushane izici ebaziwe yamaGreki asendulo ezinkathini ezihlukahlukene ekuthuthukiseni zomlando leli lakithi.

isikhathi zakudala

Zakudala isikhathi - isikhathi kusuka 8 kuya ekhulwini lesi-6 BC. ebaziwe sidilizwa ngalesi sikhathi kwaba njengoba izici nobuntu a lasekuqaleni. Kuye kwaphawulwa ngoba owawusekelwe imisebenzi ngendlela ezihlukahlukene ezahlukene, base kakhulu generalized (sibalo amantombazane okuthiwa iziphuku, abafana - Kouros).

Apollo Teneysky

Teneyskogo statue Apollo iyona edume kunazo zonke ezake izibalo esekhona ngenkathi. Vele bazi manje kukhona nedlanzana ezimbalwa. Wenziwe ngemabula. Apollo uvezwa insizwa ngezandla zakhe phansi, iminwe clenched ku ngezibhakela. Amehlo akhe avulekele impela, futhi ubuso bakhe kubonakala smile zakudala, evamile ukubaza, okuqondene nalesi sikhathi.

zesifazane izibalo

Izithombe abesifazane lamantombazana efakiwe izinwele wavy, izingubo ezinde, kodwa ezinye obugagu kakhulu futhi imigqa bushelelezi, samuntu umusa nesifazane.

ebaziwe ngesiGreki zakudala possessed ezinye disproportion schematically. umsebenzi ngamunye, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezikhangayo izibambe imizwelo futhi engeyona inkimbinkimbi. Ukuze enkathini ezinikezwe sibalo abantu libhekene, njengoba sibonile ngaphambili, nengxenye-smile obanika ukujula futhi imfihlakalo.

Kutholwe namuhla ku Berlin State Museum "UNkulunkulukazi nge emhlophe" ingenye izibalo, okungcono walondoloza phakathi kwezinye izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu zakudala. Lapho olinganise "bubi" futhi yangaphandle izandla maholoholo isithombe, lolungenamaphutsa eyenziwa umbhali, yabakhanga ababukeli. isenzo ekhululekile wokwenza into ebaziwe kuyinto ekhululekile ikakhulukazi futhi iyaguquka.

"Kouros ka Piraeus"

"Kouros kusukela Piraeus 'ise Athens Museum - kamuva, ukudalwa ngaleyo ndlela neliphelele kunalelo, esenziwe umqophi lasendulo. Phambi kwethu kunethuba iqhawe abasha eqinile. Hand ukuthinta futhi enyakazayo kancane ikhanda ukuphakamisa ingxoxo, okuyinto Uyabahola. Hhayi ukwephulwa okusobala kangaka njengezenzo zobuqhawe. ebaziwe ngesiGreki zakudala, njengoba thina sekushiwo, bakheke generalized. Nokho, lesi sibalo hhayi kangako njengoba emisebenzini ehlobene ekuqaleni kwenkathi zakudala.

isikhathi zakudala

Classical isikhathi - isikhathi kusukela 5th ukuze kwekhulu lesi-4 BC. Imisebenzi ebaziwe yamaGreki asendulo ngalesi sikhathi iye yashintshwa abanye, okuyinto thina ngizokutshela. Phakathi Okugweda kwalesi sikhathi, omunye izibalo edume kunazo Pythagoras kuyinto Regiysky.

Izici Pythagoras ukubaza

Ukuze endalweni yakhe zinezikhathi okwangempela futhi ukuphi, kuba ngesikhathi ezintsha. Abanye imisebenzi lo mbhali ezibhekwa kancane kwakwakhiwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi (isibonelo, isithombe umfana, ukuthatha out a izwibela). Wit Quick nabanekhono okungavamile baye bavumela umqophi ukufunda umqondo ngokuvumelana esebenzisa izindlela zezibalo ukubala. Wahamba kubo ngesisekelo esikoleni zefilosofi zezibalo, yena ngokwakhe owayakhe. Pythagoras, ngokusebenzisa lezi zindlela, uphenyo ezahlukene imvelo ngokuvumelana: umculo, isakhiwo yezakhiwo zomzimba womuntu. esikoleni Kukhona Pythagorean ngesisekelo inombolo. It kubhekwa kokusekelwa kwezwe.

Okunye Okugweda kwesikhathi classical

isikhathi Classical, ngaphandle igama Pythagoras, wanika jikelele isiko abaculi abadumile ezifana Phidias, Myron futhi Polycleitus. Imisebenzi ebaziwe yamaGreki asendulo abalobi kuhlanganiswe lesi simiso esilandelayo jikelele - isibonisi lobumbano umzimba ophelele futhi umphefumulo enhle ebiyelwe ke. Kuyinto lesi simiso esiyisisekelo, ukuthi waqondisa amakhosi ezihlukahlukene isikhathi ekuthuthukiseni okudaliwe yabo. ebaziwe sidilizwa Greek - irhuluphelo ngokuvumelana nobuhle.

Miron

nethonya elikhulu ubuciko Athens wangekhulu 5th BC. e. Myron wayenomsebenzi owengeziwe (ukukhumbula Discobolus abadumile wazenza ngethusi). Lokhu wizadi, ngokungafani Policlet, okuyinto thina namanje ukutshela, bathandile ukuyichazela izibalo kunyakaza. Ngokwesibonelo, e esifanekisweni ngenhla discobolus ezihlobene 5th ekhulwini BC. e., echaza nsizwa ebukekayo ngesikhathi lapho wavuleka baphonse disc. It buhle futhi ibheke umzimba wakhe, ezinyakazayo ethumba, njenge-spring, ukulungele akusebenzise. imisipha Oqeqeshiwe vzbugrilis ngaphansi kwesikhumba izingalo nokunwebeka sihoxisiwe. Owenza isisekelo ephephile, izinzwane kuthiwa bashone ekujuleni isihlabathi. ebaziwe okunjalo lasendulo ngesiGreki (Discobolus). Esifanekisweni waphonswa lethusi. Nokho, ngaphambi sezwa ikhophi zemabula kuphela awenzile kusukela yasekuqaleni lase libhujiswa ngemaRoma. Esivezwa ngezansi esifanekisweni Minotaur umqophi salokhu.

Polycleitus

Policlet sidilizwa ebaziwe has isici ezilandelayo - sibalo womuntu omi isandla ephakanyiswe ngomlenze owodwa ibhalansi esingokwemvelo. Isibonelo master embodiments kuba esifanekisweni Doriphor-spearman. Polycleitus emisebenzini yakhe wafuna Imizimba ephelele kuhambisana ingokomoya nobuhle. Lesi sifiso ayemphefumulele ukushicilela indatshana yakhe esihloko sithi "Canon", ngeshwa, akazange sisinde kuze kube sesikhathini sethu.

Okugcwele zokuphila ezicindezelayo Policlet esifanekisweni. Wayethanda ukuya ziveza abasubathi kukhona esimweni ukuphumula. Ngokwesibonelo, "Spearman" - enamandla indoda eyakhelwe ngubani egcwele ukuzethemba. Ima kungahambi phambi izilaleli. Kodwa lokhu ukuthula akusona static, okuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngayo eziqoshiwe baseGibhithe lasendulo. Yeka indlela okungaba lula futhi ngobuciko yokusebenzisa umzimba wakhe indoda, Spearman umlenze kancane bent, ukuthuthela kobukhulu ezahlukene kunjalo. Kubonakala sengathi kuzothatha isikhathi esincane, futhi iyophendula ikhanda lakhe futhi ngeke nomfundisi phambili. Phambi kwethu kunethuba uyathandeka, indoda enamandla, ekwesabeni, agodliwe, uyaziqhenya - samuntu izimiso amaGreki.

Phidias

Ingabe kufanele kubhekwe Phidias umdali omkhulu, umdali ukubaza ezihlobene 5th ekhulwini BC. e. Lokho wakwazi ukuthola buciko ephelele zethusi ekusakazeni. Phidias 13 izingcezu sculptural abaye balolongwa ube nomhlobiso njengabawufanelekele ithempeli lika-Apholo at eDelphi. Kushiwo inani imisebenzi lokhu okuyinhloko kubuye isithombe Virgin Athena ku Parthenon, obude kuyinto 12 metres. Wenziwe lendlovu nangegolide. Le nqubo ye eziqoshiwe owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi chrysene-Elephantine.

Esikhathini izithombe ze lokhu okuyinhloko is ikakhulukazi kubonakala iqiniso lokuthi onkulunkulu bamaGreki - lawa izithombe indoda ekahle. Kusukela imisebenzi Phidias, okungcono walondoloza wonke imitha-160 zemabula okusezingeni eliphezulu impumuzo frieze tape, elibonisa udwendwe unkulunkulukazi u-Athena, obheke ethempelini Parthenon.

Esibaziwe sika-Athena

Kulimala ebaziwe wethempeli. Lost endulo "Athena Parthenos". Lesi sibalo wema phakathi ethempelini. Phidias ukudalile. ebaziwe sidilizwa yesiGreki Athens has izici ezilandelayo: ikhanda layo nge round kwesilevu futhi abushelelezi ebunzini ongaphakeme nezingalo nentamo abangu ezenziwe ngetshe lendlovu, kanye nesigqoko sokuzivikela, isihlangu, izingubo kanye izinwele - kusuka amaphepha igolide.

Kule sibalo ngenxa izindaba eziningi. idume kakhulu futhi okukhulu kwaba Kulokhu ukuthi ngokushesha Phidias, uquqaba lwabantu nomona ayezama casula le umqophi wemifanekiso, okuyinto babefuna isizathu ukumbeka icala lutho. Lokhu wizadi, isibonelo, ummangalelwa ukuthi wayebathulisile sifihla igolide senzelwe ebaziwe Athena. Phidias ukufakazela akanacala wathatha zonke izinto zegolide kusukela esifanekisweni walinganisa kubo. Impela kwaqondana Isisindo segolide asinikwe. Khona-ke lo umqophi wasolwa impiety. Isihlangu Athena ombangela lokhu. Lowo mdwebo scene zempi kwamaGreki Amazons. Phidias kuvezwa yena phakathi kwamaGreki Pericles. umphakathi ngesiGreki, naphezu kwakho konke impumelelo yale inkosi, namanje kuqhathaniswa ke. ukubulawa ngesihluku uqede ukuphila we umqophi.

Alupheli sifinyelele Phidias ukubaza eyenziwe Parthenon. Ngakho yena wadala amazulu sibalo sika-Athena Promachos wethusi Yakhiwa azungeze 460 BC. e. ye-Acropolis engasenyakatho.

Statue of uZeyusi

Ngu Phidias weza udumo eqiniso ayeyoba khona ngemva kokudala le master of esifanekisweni kaZeyusi nethempeli, esemgwaqweni Olympia. Ukuphakama babengamaphesenti 13 amamitha. izikripthi Abaningi ngeshwa engafakwanga, baye basinda kulokho izincazelo zabo kuphela futhi amakhophi. Ezicini eziningi uphromothiwe ukubhujiswa okweqile of imisebenzi yobuciko amaKristu. Hhayi asinda, futhi esifanekisweni kaZeyusi. Singasho bachazwa futhi ngalendlela: imitha-13 isibalo ohlezi esihlalweni sobukhosi segolide. Wahlobisa ikhanda unkulunkulu umqhele omuhle namagatsha omnqumo, okuyinto kwaba uphawu uthando sakhe sokuletha ukuthula. Chest, izingalo, emahlombe futhi ubuso abangu ezenziwe ngetshe lendlovu. UZeyusi isembatho nolwelwe ehlombe. Beard nomqhele - of akhanyayo igolide. Njalo is ebaziwe lasendulo ngesiGreki, kuchazwe kafushane. Kubonakala ukuthi uNkulunkulu, uma Avuke yisikwele emahlombe akhe, kungahlali kuleli hholo elikhulu - ophahleni izongenza ongaphakeme.

isikhathi yamaGreki

Izigaba ukuthuthukiswa ebaziwe yamaGreki asendulo uqeda amaGreki. Le nkathi - isikhathi emlandweni yaseGrisi yasendulo kuya 4th ku 1st ekhulwini BC. Ukuqopha ngesikhathi wayesekhona injongo eyinhloko umhlobiso izakhiwo ahlukahlukene yezakhiwo. Kodwa futhi wathola kuveza kwenzeka izinguquko kuhulumeni.

I ebaziwe engaphenduki ngaleso sikhathi yezindlela eziyinhloko yobuciko, ngaphezu, kwakukhona iqoqo izinkomba nezikole. Zaba khona baseRodu, ePhergamu, Alexandria. Imisebenzi engcono oluthunyelwe lezi zikole, libonise izinkinga ayinandaba ngenkathi izingqondo zabantu kwenkathi. Lezi zithombe, ngokungafani kuya classical ukuzimisela ezolile, baphathe bokubanga abanothando, ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, Dynamics.

I kwethonya elinamandla East ku lonke art ngokuvamile libhekene endulo ngesiGreki ngasekupheleni. Kukhona izici ezintsha ka ukubaza lasendulo ngesiGreki, imininingwane eminingi, ocingweni lokuzenzela ezijabulisayo, engeli eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ubuhle nokuzola lingena zabuna abungafaniko emotionality aseMpumalanga.

Thermes Akhiwe Museum lamaRoma 'Afrodita Kirenskaya "egcwele Ukwanelisa inkanuko, a coquetry ezithile.

"Laocoön futhi Namadodana Akhe"

ebaziwe eziphathelene ukuthi okuqinisekile ethile eyaziwa kakhulu - "Laokoon and Sons", wenza Agesander saseRhodes Rhodes. Lokhu wobuciko manje igcinwe Museum Vatican. Polya Ukwakheka okukhulu, futhi ngesakhiwo kusikisela emotionality. The hero namadodana akhe, ngolaka ekumelaneni wathumela Athena izinyoka sengathi uyazi isiphetho sabo esibi. Nale ngokunemba ebaziwe okungavamile kwakhiwa. Bhekana Namaqiniso Futhi plastic izibalo. A umqondo oqinile senziwa izinhlamvu ubuso.

Three umqophi omkhulu

Ngo imisebenzi ukubaza okuqondene 4th ekhulwini BC. e., ekahle neyobuntu iyagcinwa, kodwa iphele ngesikhathi esifanayo ubunye abasebenzi abangekho empini. Lose umuzwa ukuphelela kokuphila nobuqotho umbono we ezweni ebaziwe yamaGreki asendulo futhi abalobi zabo. amakhosi Omkhulu elihlala 4th ekhulwini BC. e., ukunikeza ukwambulwa facets entsha art kamoya. Lokhu kubonakala ngokucacile uzwakalise lesi sigaba abalobi abathathu - Lysippos, Praxiteles futhi Scopas.

Scopas

Scopas kwaba ovelele kakhulu phakathi kwezinye Okugweda owayesebenza ngaleso sikhathi. Ngo art yakhe ukuphefumula ukungabaza ezijulile, ukulwa, ukukhathazeka, ngokuphamazela kanye nogqozi. Lokhu bomdabu esiqhingini Paros wasebenza emadolobheni amaningi ensimini ka Greece. Kahle lo mbhali owawusekelwe esifanekisweni ngokuthi "Nika Samofrakiyskaya". Leli gama itholiwe ikhumbule ukunqoba 306 BC. e. Rhodes Fleet. Lesi sibalo sasibekwe esisekelweni, okusikhumbuza ekhaleni umkhumbi design sika.

"Dancing maenad" Scopas okwethulwa umbono onamandla futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Praxiteles

Kungenjalo lokusungula babe Praxiteles ebaziwe. Ngacula lo mbhali ubuhle izinkanuko zomzimba futhi injabulo ekuphileni. Praxiteles babejabulela udumo omkhulu, icebile. I umqophi edume kunazo alethwe kwalesi sithombe Aphrodite, wakwenza esiqhingini Knidos. Waba ngowokuqala ngesiGreki art isithombe unkulunkulukazi nqunu. Nobuhle Phryne, le Thais abadumile, ukhukhuva Praxiteles, ezaba isibonelo ngoba kwesithombe Aphrodite. Le ntombazane iye wamangalelwa ngokuthi uyahlambalaza, bese walungisiswa ngokuhlela ekuthandeni ubuhle amajaji. Praxiteles kuyinto wezingoma ubuhle owesifazane, okuyinto ahlonishwe amaGreki. Ngeshwa, kuphela amakhophi sekusaziwa yithi Aphrodite ka eKinidu.

Leochares

Leochares - master Athene, enkulu kunazo zonke Praxiteles ababephila ngesikhathi. Lokhu umqophi wemifanekiso, usebenza ezihlukahlukene Polis Hellenic, wadala izigcawu basezinganekwaneni nemifanekiso yonkulunkulu. Wababulala ekumeni eziningana eziqoshiwe e amasu chrysene-Elephantine, esibonisa amalungu omkhaya kaFiliphu, le Macedonian yinkosi. Ngemva kwalokho, yena waba enkantolo umqophi Aleksandra Makedonskogo, indodana yakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi Leochares Apollo esifanekisweni yadalwa, kuthandwa kakhulu endulo. Liye lalondolozwa emakhophini zemabula senziwa amaRoma, futhi yaqanjwa Apollona Belvederskogo emhlabeni odumo. Leochares emisebenzini yakhe yonke ibonisa inqubo virtuosic.

Ngemva kokubusa Aleksandra Makedonskogo yamaGreki inkathi kwakuyinkathi yokululama zezimbali okusheshayo portraiture. Ukwakha eziqoshiwe e izigcawu imizi ehlukene izipikha, izimbongi, ama-philosophers, ojenene ababusi. Masters wafuna ukuthola ukufana eduze futhi ukucindezeleka ngesimo imigqa, iphenduka ibe isithombe ejwayelekile ye-portrait.

Okunye Okugweda nemisebenzi yabo

ukubaza Classical baba amasampula imisebenzi ehlukahlukene abaculi owayesebenza engu amaGreki. zibonakala ngokucacile ngemisebenzi sikhathi megalomania, okungukuthi, isifiso ukuletha isithombe oyifunayo usayizi isithombe elikhulu. Ikakhulukazi ngokuvamile kwenzeka uma udala ukubaza ngesiGreki wonkulunkulu. Statue unkulunkulu Helios iyisibonelo esivelele. It is wazenza ngethusi eyayibhalwe, wema emnyango ethekwini saseRhodes. I ebaziwe - 32 amamitha. Engangisebenza kuwo iminyaka engu-12, ngokuzikhandla, Onogwaja, umfundi ka Lysippos. Lo msebenzi yobuciko ziye zahlanganisa endaweni efanele udumo e izimangaliso uhlu jikelele.

Abaningi emifanekisweni emva ukuthunjwa abanqobi Roman yaseGrisi yasendulo abangu akhishelwe khona ngaphandle kwezwe. ukubaza Akukhona nje, kodwa futhi obukhulu kuzo ukupenda, inhlangano imitapo yasebukhosini kanye nezinye izinto zamasiko wahlupheka zabulawa. Abantu abaningi abasebenza emkhakheni wezemfundo nesayensi, bathunjwa. ERoma lasendulo isiko ngaleyo ndlela okwakuthandelene, nomthelela obalulekile ekukhuleni yayo, izakhi ezahlukene ngesiGreki.

isiphetho

Yiqiniso, izinkathi ezahlukene zentuthuko lokho okuphume ngokusebenzisa IGrisi yasendulo, enza ukulungisa yabo ukwakheka ebaziwe, kodwa yinye into esikhathaza esihlanganisa abaculi okuqondene nangenkathi ezahlukene - isifiso ukukuqonda ubuciko spatiality, uthando inkulumo esebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene umzimba womuntu ebaziwe. ebaziwe sidilizwa ngesiGreki, isithombe okuyinto letinikwe lapha ngenhla, ngeshwa, baye basinda kulokho ingxenye kuphela. Uvame ukukhonza njengephayona zethu ezingokwenyama izibalo zemabula, naphezu fragility yayo. Kuphela ngale ndlela kwaba kungenzeka ukuba adlulisele ubuhle zomzimba womuntu. Bronze, nakuba kuyinto ezibonakalayo futhi okuthembekile ezihloniphekayo, ukusetshenziswa kakhulu.

ebaziwe sidilizwa ngesiGreki kanye Umdwebo yasekuqaleni futhi ezithakazelisayo. izibonelo abahlukahlukene yobuciko ukunikeza umbono kokuphila okungokomoya yezwe.