Edition lesibili ngesandla: ukuthi kuyini izolo nanamuhla

Naphezu ukulahlekelwa isimo ezweni lethu kakhulu kahle ukufunda emhlabeni, senimbuso munye ungashiyi ngokuphelele izincwadi nokufundwa. Kodwa akuwona wonke wazi ukuthi kukhona ukwahlukana izincwadi ukuze Antique futhi lesibili ngesandla.

Ukuze ongelutho kunzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi le miqondo emibili. Futhi umbuzo ngokuvamile kuphakama: "edition kagwayi - kuyini?" Impendulo yalo ilula: lesibili ngesandla izinhlelo yalabo abanhliziyo yobudala awuphasiswa unyaka amahlanu uphawu (ukubala yayo kusukela esikhathini yokunyathelisa). Futhi akusiwona nje mayelana izincwadi, kodwa futhi nakomagazini ngisho ngifaka. Ngakho, izincwadi Antique - incwadi kabani yobudala ngenhla uphawu wathi.

A amaqiniso ambalwa ezithakazelisayo

Ukuqoqa izincwadi lesibili ngesandla - kuyinto umdlalo ezivamile, ezaqala ngo-France ephakathi. XVI ekhulwini kwakuyinkathi ukuvakashela leli zwe, owokuqala lesibili ngesandla ezitolo. Kwaphela isikhathi eside akekho wangena ikhanda lakhe uhlukanise lesibili ngesandla futhi izincwadi Antique. Ukwehlukanisa we incunabula futhi imikhiqizo emisha owaqala ekhulwini XIX, ehlotshaniswa umkhiqizo ncwadi nokutholakala okubhaliwe.

Futhi, ungakwazi nakanjani ukusho ukuthi kwakukhona lesibili ngesandla incwadi ukushicilela eRussia. Ukukhuluma ukudayiswa izincwadi ezindala ingatholakala namakhulu eminyaka XVI-XVIII. Noma kunjalo, izincwadi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu Russia sekuqalile nje ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX.

By the way, lomthetho emazweni amaningi kuhlanganisa amalungiselelo avumela umsebenzi lesibili ngesandla. Imvume wakhe eRussia eyayifunwa Article 1272 Code Civil lesibili.

Umdayisi wezincwadi wangaleso = kimi?

Kusukela nenkanuko edlulele lokuqala igama elithi "kusho umdayisi wezincwadi wangaleso" kusichazamazwi, sihlangane ngo-1835, kodwa lokhu kwaba ukudluliselwa okushiwo emincane ethemini kwaba hucksters ezincane kanye abashintshelana imali ngubani yokuhwebelana,, zithengiswe noma benana ubudala, lesibili ngesandla izincwadi.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu kule "lezimpahla isichazamazwi," unikezwa elithi "ukuphrinta izincwadi." Kodwa wayengasakwazi ukudlula ngokugcwele ukubaluleka umqondo. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona umbuzo: "edition kagwayi - kuyini," khona-ke sakhuluma incwadi esetshenziswa nabadala.

Isikhathi sesifikile, futhi waqala ukwakha lesibili ngesandla ngezigaba, izinhlu, amanani izinhlu, lelisincumo izinto zokulawula. Senzeka ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona isidingo kube nomehluko ocacile phakathi imiqondo. Futhi elithi "ukuphrinta amabhuku" Kwathiwa fixed for ukuqokwa wonke amalungu afanayo imikhiqizo, elisesifundeni kabusha kwegazi. Ngakho, umbuzo ukuthi kusho ukuthini edition lesibili ngesandla, siye sacaca bha.

Indlela phezulu-of-ukuphrinta amaqoqo?

Bala on the utshalomali esincane akudingekile lapho iqoqo. Limited kwakuwumyalezo kungenzeka kule minyaka yokwakha kabusha. Khona-ke kwanqunywa ukuba balahle izincwadi ezindala. -Yizo ukuze kushe imigqomo. Akekho wacabanga ukuthi emva kweminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu amabili, benza nanela. Futhi kowezi-2000, it uye waba nethuba lokuthola khulula zezinhlobo ezibalulekile: ukuze ubuyekeze ngomtapo wayo wezincwadi izimali waqala ukubabulala izincwadi ezindala. Kubantu abaningi namuhla baqonde edition kagwayi - kuyini nokuthi yini nibaluleke. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvuma ukuthengisa iqoqo yakhe, ngokuvamile overestimate izindleko izincwadi.

Ukuthengwa izincwadi lesibili ngesandla

Unikezwe ukuze athenge amabhuku esetshenziswa, ungavakashela incwadi izimakethe lesibili ngesandla izitolo (noma esibanjiwe neminyango efaneleyo ezitolo zezincwadi abavamile), a ezikhethekile kwi-Internet. Omunye wabo esitolo online OZON.ru. Ukuqala asebenzayo kwesigaba ukuthuthukiswa "Isetshenziselwa amabhuku" ku le nsiza kungokwalabo kwesigamu 2001 yesibili. Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala uhla lwezincwadi ezinjengethi akuzona zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Thina wabusa ikakhulukazi art albhamu futhi enomthamo omningi.

Kuyini edition lesibili ngesandla phezu "Amazon" namuhla? Lokhu eziningi ezihlukahlukene ezindaweni thematic: ubuciko, ubuchwepheshe, humanities, eqanjiwe nezincwadi zezingane. Awukwazi kuphela ukuthola isithakazelo kushicilelwe, ukubona indlela okubukeka ngayo, kodwa futhi simazi kangcono incazelo yalo, igama format yendlu ukushicilela, lapho sakhishwa, nokunye. D.

labo nentshisekelo impendulo yombuzo: "edition kagwayi - kuyini ku "Ozone"? ", ungabona isigaba esifanele kwi-website ye esitolo.