Electric ensimini imigqa. isingeniso

Hlukanisa scalar futhi Vector ensimini (kulesi simo kuyoba kagesi emkhakheni we-vector). Ngakho, basuke abalingisa imisebenzi scalar noma vector of izixhumanisi kanye nesikhathi.

ensimini scalar uchaza umsebenzi yefomu φ. Amasimu anjalo kungenziwa zibukeke ukuboniswa besebenzisa elifanayo evele: φ (x, y, z) = c, c = const.

Sichaza vector, okuyinto kuqondiswe esiphezulu umsebenzi φ ukukhula.

Inani eliphelele le-vector inquma ngesilinganiso ukushintshwa φ umsebenzi.

Ngokusobala, emkhakheni scalar yakha ensimini vector.

Le nkambu kagesi ibizwa ngokuthi kungenzeka kube nokungqubuzana, kanye φ umsebenzi ubizwa ngokuthi ezingaba khona. ezingeni elifanayo surface ngokuthi evele equipotential. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga inkambu kagesi.

Ukuze ezibukwayo isibonisi Amasimu ukwakha okuthiwa kagesi emkhakheni imigqa. Nokho bebizwa Vector imigqa. Lokhu tangent umugqa kuze kube seqophelweni okhombisa isiqondiso yasendle kagesi. Inani imigqa lapho udlule endaweni Phiko wakhona inani eliphelele vector.

Thina ngenisa umcondvo wekubhalwa a umehluko Vector endleleni l umugqa. Lokhu Vector iqondiswa kanye tangent emgqeni l futhi inani eliphelele uyalingana dl umehluko.

Ake sithi unikezwe ensimini ethile kagesi, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze ngeso lengqondo indlela emigqeni ensimini. Ngamanye amazwi, siluthola Coefficient ukunwetshwa (ukusikwa) k Vector uqondane umehluko. Lokuhlobanisa yezingxenye umehluko kanye vector, sithola uhlelo of zibalo. Ngemva kokuhlanganiswa, ungakwazi ukwakha i equation kwamandla imigqa.

Ukusebenza Vector ukuhlaziywa ezinikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuthi iziphi imigqa amandla yasendle kagesi kwenzeke endabeni ethile. Thina ngenisa umcondvo wekubhalwa "Vector ecucuza" phezu S. Inchazelo esisemthethweni ukugeleza F simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: ukubaluleka uthathwa njengomgcini umkhiqizo esiku umehluko ds unit Vector evamile s ebusweni. Orth kuyakhethwa ukuze ichaza i ebusweni Ingaphandle evamile.

Isifaniso phakathi umqondo ukugeleza ensimini futhi ukugeleza ndaba: ikhemikhali iyunithi isikhathi ngasinye sidlula ebusweni okuyinto bazabela perpendicular ukugeleza ensimini. Uma imigqa amandla yasendle electrostatic zitholakala ngaphandle nibonakala kubantu nilungile kusukela S ebusweni ke ukugeleza omuhle, futhi uma indiva - ezingezinhle. Ngokuvamile, ukusakaza ungakwazi zisanda inani lemigqa ensimini ukuthi ziyaphuma ebusweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, yokucucuza kuyinto wakhona inombolo yemigqa amandla ukuthi zingene isici ebusweni.

I kwehlukana umsebenzi Vector ibalwa iphuzu okuyinto banded ivolumu ΔV. S - ebusweni esehlanganise ivolumu ΔV. Ukusebenza kwehlukana iphuzu emkhathini ivumela elichaza khona therein emithonjeni ensimini. Phakathi kokucindezelwa ebusweni S iphoyinti P the kagesi emkhakheni imigqa ekujuleni kwamanzi, zizohlala esilinganayo. Uma isikhala akuyona umthombo iphuzu zasendle (ukuvuza abakhwabanisi), khona-ke ebusweni compressive okwamanje inani izintambo zikagesi, kusukela ngesikhathi esithile ilingane no-zero (inani lemigqa ngaphakathi S ebusweni ilingana nenani lemigqa okuvela lokhu ebusweni).

I ebalulekile evaliwe iluphu L ekunqumeni ukusebenza Rotor libizwa nokusakazwa ugesi eduze nentaba Rotor L. Operation ephawula iphuzu ensimini emkhathini. Isiqondiso Rotor inquma ubukhulu bale avaliwe ukugeleza ensimini azungeze iphuzu okunikeziwe (Rotor ensimini ephawula vortex) nokuhamba kwawo. Kususelwa ukuzimisela Rotor, by kugucuka elula ingabalwa ugesi kwelivi Vector endaweni Cartesian Ukudidiyela uhlelo, kanye kagesi emkhakheni imigqa.