Hydrochloric acid: physico-chemical izakhiwo, ukulungiswa nokusetshenziswa

Kanzulu hydrochloric acid isetshenziswa ukuhlaziya zemithi, ngezinjongo zokwelapha isetshenziswa alulaze. Enkulumeni Pharmacopeia kukhona amatafula ekhethekile ngawo ukucacisa okuqukethwe iphesenti asidi isixazululo aqueous. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nje kudingeka wazi yayo gravity ethize.

Ukusebenzisa lezi amatafula, ungakwazi bekulula hlola lokuhlushwa ikhambi acid. Ezivamile (hhayi olunembile ngokwanele) acid izixazululo kungaba ngokushesha okulungiselelwe usebenzisa izindlela ezivamile. Ngokwesibonelo, hydrochloric acid has a gravity ethize ka 1.19, isb equkethe 37% HC1. Ukucabanga ukuthi kudingekile ukulungisa 100 ml 10% acid. Ukuze wenze kanjalo, wenze Ingxenye okuhambisanayo: kuzo zonke izingxenye 100 ngesisindo sezinti HC1 etholakalayo equkethwe izingxenye 37 hydrogen chloride. Ngoba kudingeka ukulungiselela isixazululo 10%, kube kufanele ibe izingxenye eziyishumi ngalinye engamakhulu isisindo izingxenye isixazululo.

Ngakho-ke, kulesi simo X - liyinani okuzokwenza abonisa kangakanani ukuthatha izingxenye ngesisindo sezinti isixazululo amaphesenti 37 ukuze, ekukhipheni ngamanzi ukuze izingxenye 100 ngesisindo, ukuthola isixazululo 10%:

100-37

X-10

X = 100 * 10/37 = 27 izingxenye ngesisindo.

Hydrogen chloride - izidakamizwa ngempela anobuthi okungabangela ukusha kanye wonke umzimba ubuthi. Kuyindlela yokuvimbela ushevu HC1 ukusetshenziswa magnesia. Ukuze iwukudambisa acid lingase lisetshenziswe futhi amanzi soapy, wafutha isilwane namalahle, ubisi, ezihlukahlukene izidakamizwa esigubuzele.

Ukudakwa acid ngomlomo akufanele ebekiwe emetics, kanye ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngaphakathi equkethe alikhali carbonated. Uma ushevu esiswini sagezwa ngemadlana ezinkulu yamanzi iphenywe. Imiphumela emihle etholakale ngokungeza amanzi ukuze magnesium oxide ukungcola konke ngokuhuheka. Ephambi kwezinduna zangaphandle ukusha acid, odokotela batusa endaweni kokunqotshwa isikhathi eside ukuba ageze izandla ngamanzi. INSIMU kuvuthe futhi selilonke awo zihlanjululwa Ethanol okumsulwa bese Sigcizelela slurry sodium Bicarbonate, futhi phezu kwalo - utshwala gauze.

Hydrogen chloride kuyinto encibilikayo ngokuphelele emanzini. Ngezinye 0 C ͦ eyodwa umthamo wamanzi ancibilikisa amavolumu ayikhulu igesi. Kwezokwelapha, umkhakha ngisho emnothweni kazwelonke ngokuvamile kakhulu esetshenziswa hydrochloric acid. ifomula Its emelelwa hydrogen ne-halo - C1.

HC1 yenziwe eziyisisekelo umkhakha chemical hlorovodorodistogo gas amuncwa amanzi. Chloride, i-hydrogen ikhiqizwa by ukusabela sulfuric acid ne-sodium chloride.

Uhlanzekile Test

Kukhona ezinye izidingo:

- hydrochloric acid ukubunjwa yayo ayiqukethe esindayo zensimbi, nitric, oxide ne acid sulphurous, chlorine mahhala futhi i-arsenic,

- kuvunyelwe kuphela iminonjana ezingelutho yensimbi nosawoti, khulula C1 ukungcola angavulwa yokusabela: C12 + 12 + 2K1-2KS1;

- ekutholweni ukungcola acid okulungiselelwe isixazululo sulfurous iodine potassium iodide inkomba - sodium isitashi ube nombala oluhlaza njengesibhakabhaka yesixazululo ebukhoneni sulphurous acid is bleached ngemizuzwana 30

- ezisalayo ababalulekile ku ukuhwamuka 10 amagremu acid kumele singeqi amaphesenti 0.01 (ukungcola amaminerali).

Uhlaziyo ambalwa eyenziwa Titration ngesixazululo sodium hydroxide ebukhoneni methyl orange inkomba. HC1 avunyelwe okuqukethwe e acid 24,8-25,2%.

Hydrochloric acid likhona Ukwakheka nasoketshezini begazi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-juice esiswini, emakamu yayo isesikhathini 0.5%, kuyasiza ukuba ngivule amaprotheni. Alulaze HC1 (8.2%) lapho zaphathwa ngaphakathi oyenza ukuguquka pepsinogen (proenzyme) ku pepsin, sithuthukisa umsebenzi secretory kwamanyikwe, ikhuthaza ukuhamba okuqukethwe nesisu namathumbu. Liveza umphumela elwa namagciwane maqondana vegetative kanye spore microflora. Le asidi saphathwa ngomlomo ngenxa asidi encishisiwe, ngoba abancela ekwelapheni yensimbi ukuntula igazi.