Yiziphi-gamma rays?

Ngemva kokutholakala izinto okwazi ukuphuma izinhlayiya aphansi nokuguqulwa (ngenxa yomsakazo ekushayweni kwamazinyo) useqale ukutadisha nezici zabo. iqhaza obusebenzayo search for entsha uphinde uhlele ulwazi ekhona kwi-physics wathatha Curies ezidumile uRutherford. Lokho wakwazi ukuvula gamma ray wokuqala. Wabanikela experiment yayilula futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, brilliant.

Umthombo emisebeni sathathwa Radium. Capacitance obukhulu-lead wenza ukuvulwa emincane. Ezansi isiteshi wafakwa ibekwe Radium. Ngezinye ibanga encane evela isitsha perpendicular wazalela-eksisi ilungu photosensitive wawusegunjini - ipuleti. Ngo igebe phakathi futhi isitsha nge enemisebe apharathasi ekhethekile ungase ukukhiqiza kazibuthe okujula okusezingeni eliphezulu, imizila ukungezwani ngalo zazibheka parallel plate photosensitive. Zonke ngaphandle generator ensimini makhemikhali endaweni airless, ukuqeda imithelela emoyeni phezu athomu umphumela isilingo. Uma 'uRutherford indiva leli phuzu, imisebe gamma ongayiqala omunye.

In the ukungabikho ithonya kazibuthe phezu esilucwecwana iphutha ebuhlungu, okubonisa esiphelweni rectilinear we ngemisebe (ngakolunye uhlangothi nje uyonquma phambili esitsheni izindonga). Kodwa kwaba ngokwanele ukuba avele ukuze amandla kazibuthe, kokubili isici photosensitive kohlelo iphutha izindawo ezintathu nje. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi izinhlayiya ezithile wukukhanya Radium, deflecting ensimini. URutherford wasikisela ukuthi ugongolo siqukethe izingxenye ezintathu okungenani. Uhlamvu ukuphambuka waveza ukuthi izinhlayiya of imishayo ezimbili unayo i kagesi, kanye ugongolo yesithathu kagesi hlangothi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye engakhi emisebeni sigameko baphambukile kunalaba omuhle. Kagesi ingxenye hlangothi - lena imisebe gamma. Uphiko nenkokhiso omubi ubizwa ngokuthi i-beta-reyi, futhi owokugcina, icala omuhle - alpha-ray.

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi kwabathile beziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kazibuthe amakhulu, imisebe babe izakhiwo ezahlukene. Gamma imisebe bayakwazi ukungena ndaba ngempela ibanga elide. Ngakho, plate ukuhola 1 cm Ugqinsi kunciphisa umfutho wabo kabili kuphela. Alpha-ugongolo kungenziwa wayeka ngisho ishidi ezondile iphepha. Kodwa emisebeni beta ithatha isikhundla esimaphakathi: ayeke ukugeleza metal kungaba amamilimitha angu ezimbalwa obukhulu.

It kamuva kwavela ukuthi:

• beta ray ukusakazwa kwezindaba izinhlayiya omubi icala (electron), ehamba ngesivinini okusezingeni eliphezulu;
• alpha-ray - nucleus-helium, ukwakheka asishintshi neze;
• gamma ray - uhlobo amagagasi kagesi. Nomkhakha ekushayweni umugqa ngokuphelele, njengoba i-nucleus likhipha libhekene leyehlukene amandla uthi. Ziyakwazi ngesimo ukusatshalaliswa amazinga amandla sasikhipha izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya. Igama elithi "gamma-ray" is ngokwethukela kusetshenziswa kakhulu hhayi kuphela ukuchaza inqubo zokuwohloka enemisebe, kodwa futhi, ngokuvamile, ngokuba yonke imvelo onzima emisebeni kagesi okuhambelana quantum eneji ngamunye akusilo ngaphansi kuka 10 Kev. Umthombo lolu hlobo ekushayweni kukhona ama-electron kuma-atom ujabule e isakhiwo. Inala amandla ukudluliselwa electron kuma ephakeme amazinga energy. Kusuka lapho, baya emuva isimo odlule, ukukhulula emisebeni ngesimo X-ray noma ukukhanya (amagagasi kagesi). Nomkhakha emisebeni kagesi esimweni gamma-ray incane kakhulu futhi kufana hhayi ningi than 5 * 0,001 nm ngenxa okuyinto ngokucace kakhudlwana izakhiwo manifest izinhlayiya, kunokuba amagagasi.