Empiricist - Iyini? eziyisisekelo

Kusukela endulo abantu abanentshisekelo imibuzo yolwazi. umcabango yefilosofi uye savela kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi, njengoba umuntu ukwazi emhlabeni futhi ukuthuthukisa indlela esibukeka ngayo kuwo. Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo ke umsuka ezifana wesayensi eliyisisekelo nesifundo sezibalo, i-physics, umlando, ifilosofi. Khona-ke kwaba khona umbuzo ukuthi kukhona indlela yokwazi iqiniso ukuthi kufanele sisekelwe. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi iyiphi notshwala ezifana dogmatism, pragmatism, empiricism.

Empiricism njengoba nefilosofi

Empiricist - kuwumgogodla kuzo nemisebenti lephatsekako amanga ngqo. Yilokho kuveza umuzwa womuntu. Lo mqondo ngesikhathi ngesisekelo lo mkhuba okwakushiwo ifilosofi yamaGreki. isipiliyoni Sensual ngokuba empiricism ngokuphelele. Lena essence wakhe futhi umthombo wolwazi. Ulwazi kuwumphumela ukucutshungulwa sezinzwa amaza umuntu.

UFrancis Bacon - umsunguli empiricism

Umsunguli ukugeleza ubhekwa esiyiNgisi uFrancis Bacon, ngawo empiricism iye ahlotshiswe umqondo ovuthiwe zefilosofi. Kamuva, yena uvele uchungechunge ukunyakaza - okokuqala, a empiricism omuhle futhi okunengqondo. Bacon waphikelela ngokuthi ulwazi kuyadingeka ukusula ingqondo kanye nombono ezithombe engenanto, nezikhuni ukuze uthole okuhlangenwe nakho ngokusebenzisa zokucwaninga nokuqaphelisisa nemvelo. Izithombe eyinhloko Bacon: isizwe, lalingumhume, emakethe, yaseshashalazini. Empiricism umelana imisinga abazibheka futhi scholasticism zenkolo.

Ukuthungatha Iqiniso E-empiricism

Rationalists futhi empiricists kuhluke ukuqonda imithombo ulwazi lweqiniso. Okokuqala uyibona okutholakele onokwethenjelwa futhi wanxusa hhayi izinto kalula, absolutising yikuphi ukuhlakanipha indlela deductive. Nakuba empiricist - iwukuba beseyama lokungeniswa. Umthombo oyinhloko iqiniso abalandeli bakhe bheka womuntu isipiliyoni sezinzwa (empiricism), imizwa yakhe. Injongo eyinhloko ukuqonda umuzwa, inqubo futhi ukuyibeka ezikhishwe iqiniso kumuntu, ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni undistorted. The main umthombo wolwazi ukuze empiricist -, ngaphezu kwakho konke, imvelo, ukubukela yakhe futhi benze ke, odala umuzwa. Le mfundiso iseduze wesayensi ezifana biology, imithi, i-physics kanye isayensi yezinkanyezi.

Iqiniso empiricism - ophilayo ukucatshangelwa yalokho, okuyinto lubonakaliswa amafomu alandelayo:

• uzizwa (isibuko in the izakhiwo ngabanye ukwazi futhi izinhlangothi okuthile, umthelela izinzwa);

• Umbono (ukudala isithombe ebalulekile nento ayaziyo e emizweni zamagama);

• ukumelwa (ezihlakaniphile nje okungaqondile yi empiricism ezibukwayo-sezinzwa, hhayi ziqondakala manje, kodwa nomthelela esikhathini esidlule).

Ngo inqubo ukwazi umuntu iqiniso abathintekayo ezibukwayo, gustatory, ethintekayo, emizweni sokuzwa, wafaka kuhanjiswa esebenzisa inkumbulo nemicabango. Empiricist uchaza khona umzimba womuntu eksteroretseptivnoy (izinzwa) kanye interoretseptivnye (amasignali mayelana yangaphakathi nesimo) izinhlelo. Ngakho, kungokoqobo-ngokomzwelo futhi kungokoqobo-sensitive nabavoti - yini isisekelo okwakhelwa kuso ukwakha empiric nenqubo weqiniso nolwazi umgomo.