Enhlanganweni yezomnotho "I-Customs Union" imithethonqubo yobuchwepheshe isisekelo

Kusuka egameni elithi "amasiko amanyano" kulandela ukuthi kuyisivumelwano esithile phakathi kwezibalo eziningi. Amazwe kuphela anamasiko kanye nelungelo lokuphetha noma yiziphi izivumelwano.

Ukuvela kwamanyunyana amasiko

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX, ngo-1815, isivumelwano sokuqala sezomnotho saqedwa futhi sabizwa ngokuthi i-German Customs Union, imithethonqubo yezobuchwepheshe eyanikezwa ukudala ukuhweba okungafanelekile nePrussia. Izinzuzo zesikhala esivamile sezomnotho zaphawulwa ngaleso sikhathi. Noma kunjalo, inhlangano endala kunazo zonke yiSouth African Customs Union. Imithetho yobuchwepheshe yasungulwa isikhathi eside. Yakha ngo-1889, futhi isivumelwano sokuqala sisayinwa ngo-1910 kuphela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abanye bathi emhlabeni jikelele baye baphetha izivumelwano ezifanayo ngokusekelwe kokuvikela, noma ukuvikelwa kwemakethe ekhulayo evela emazweni asithathu.

Izinhlinzeko eziyinhloko, ikhodi yamazwe omhlaba kanye nemigomo yezobuchwepheshe ye-union union yamiswa. Ngokucabangela ukuhlangenwe nakho kweminyaka engamakhulu amabili, zonke lezi zikhombisi zilokhu zithuthukiswa ukuze zenze umklamo ubonakale, inani lezinzuzo zezifundo liyanda.

Izinzuzo zezivumelwano ezinjalo

Ukususwa kwemingcele, ukwakhiwa kwemakethe yangaphakathi yangaphakathi, ukuqedwa kwemisebenzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali yokuthunyelwa kwamasiko - konke lokho kuthinta izindleko zezimpahla ezihanjiswayo.

Igama lale nhlangano ngaphambi kokuba iningi labantu lingasho lutho. Kwaze kwafika ngo-2006, lapho beqala ukukhuluma ngokudalwa kwe-Customs Union phakathi kweBelarus, Kazakhstan naseRussia, okumele kuvuselelwe ngesisekelo somphakathi wezomnotho wase-Eurasian - i-Eurasian Economic Union (lokhu kusho ukufingqa). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhodi eyodwa yamasiko avunyelwe futhi inani elilodwa lazo zonke izimpahla lihanjisiwe. Lokhu kubambisana kunabaningi abafisa izifiso nabagxekayo. Kodwa asikwazi ukuphika ukuthi ngonyaka wezi-2012 imali ye-Kazakhstan iphindwe kabili.

Ngokusho kukaS. S. Glazyev, ngaleso sikhathi owayenguNobhala oPhethe we-TC Commission (umzimba olawulayo futhi unomphela), ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisithupha zokuhlala kwalo mphakathi wezomnotho, izihloko zamazwe angamalungu azo zanda ngokwesithathu, futhi zithengiswa ezindaweni ezingemngcele ngo-40%. Izinzuzo ziyabonakala.

Inhloso yemigomo yezobuchwepheshe

Kube nezinkinga eziningi endleleni yokuthola le nhlangano, njengoba kuboniswa isikhathi esaphuma esinqumweni sokwakha inyunyana ngo-2006 ngaphambi kokuba i-Customs Union ivele ngo-2010. Imithethonqubo yobuchwepheshe yayilungiselelwe ngokucophelela ukuvimbela noma yimuphi umgomo wokubandlulula okwenza noma yiliphi izwe elibambe iqhaza. Ekuqaleni, inyunyana ivume imithethonqubo engu-27 yobuchwepheshe ngokuhlukumeza okulandelayo: ngo-2012 kuya ku-8, ngo-2013 kuya ku-12, ngo-2014 kuya ku-5, ngo-2015 no-2 ngaphezulu. Namuhla inombolo yabo inyukile futhi ilingana no-31. Abaningi bangaphakathi Ukuthuthukiswa. Ngokwehlukana, kuthiwa amabhizinisi aphelile ezinye izivumelwano ezinyangeni ezedlule azoqedela ngezimo ezimisiwe kuze kufike isikhathi lapho isivumelwano esedlule saphela ukusebenza. Ukuze kube lula umthetho wezobuchwepheshe (ngaphakathi kohlaka lohlaka lomthetho), uhlu olulodwa lwemikhiqizo lwenziwa ensimini ye-Union. Uma ngabe yiziphi iziqondiso ze-Customs Union eziqala ukusebenza, ukuphathwa kwesifundazwe esivumelekile kuzwelonke akuvumelekile.

Imigomo nezinhloso ze- Customs Union

Umkhandlu ophakathi, ohlanganisa abaongameli kanye nezikhulu eziyinhloko zamazwe amathathu, yiyona inhlangano ebusayo ephakeme kakhulu yale nhlangano yomhlaba wonke.

I-Customs Union, emithethonqubo yezobuchwepheshe ehlanganisa ngokuphelele uhlaka lwezomthetho kanye nenqubo yamasiko, yenziwa ngokuyinhloko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula kweGDP (umkhiqizo omkhulu wasekhaya) wamazwe athatha iqhaza. Futhi lokhu kukhula kwenzeka, njengoba kuboniswe inani lamazwe alungele ukujoyina inyunyana. Lokhu yi-Armenia, iTajikistan, iMoldova. Izingxoxo ziqhutshwa eNew Zealand, Israel, Syria, Vietnam naseNdiya. Ziqhutshwa ne-Iceland, Luxembourg naseSwitzerland - amazwe, abumbene enhlanganweni ebizwa nge-EFTA. I-Customs Union inensimu yokuhwebelana okukhethiwe namazwe amaningi emhlabeni wonke.

Ngaphansi kweSystem Union, kunezinhlangano ezigunyaziwe zePhathi. Imisebenzi yabo ihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemithethonqubo yezobuchwepheshe, nokuqapha ukuhambisana nezidingo zalezi zimiso, ukuqapha ukuqaliswa kwemisebenzi ehleliwe yokuqaliswa kwemisebenzi.